Persistence of Influence for Varying Durations of Exposure to Threat Stimuli

1965 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 223-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Howard Leventhal ◽  
Patricia Niles
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Attitude Change ◽  
Emotional Arousal ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Preventive Action ◽  
Safe Driving ◽  
Threat Stimuli

This study investigated the effect of two variables: (1) duration of exposure to a fear-arousing communication and (2) time interval between exposure to the communication and measurement, upon emotional arousal and attitude change. The study used four durations (8, 16, 24, 32 min.) of technicolor sound movies depicting the consequences of serious automotive accidents. Questionnaires measuring affect arousal and desire to engage in safe driving practices were administered immediately, 1 to 2 hr., 1 day, and 1 wk. after exposure. A total of 201 college students were recruited and paid for participating. The results showed increased concern and worry over driving and increased desire to take preventive action the longer the duration of exposure. There were no increases in reported fear with increased duration. In addition, there were decreases in reported emotional arousal, concern over driving, and desire to engage in safe driving practices the longer the interval between exposure to the communications and measurement. The results are discussed in terms of fear-arousal functioning as a drive to promote the acceptance of preventive recommendations.

A Preventive Action Management Platform in Healthcare Information Systems

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 16-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hugo Peixoto ◽  
António Abelha ◽  
Manuel Santos ◽  
José Machado
Keyword(s):  
Optimal Time ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Administrative Staff ◽  
Preventive Action ◽  
End User ◽  
Estimation Model ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Healthcare Information Systems ◽  
Management Platform ◽  
Preventive Actions

Preventive actions management plays a crucial role in clinical applications, not only for those who depend on data to make decisions, but also for those who monitor the operational and financial impact of the systems. This paper presents an open-source platform, named ScheduleIT, capable of managing preventive routines. The platform is based on an estimation model that determines the optimal time interval for interventions, according to the criticality of the system and the number of non-programmed faults, among others. ScheduleIT has a web-based interface available to a different area end-user, ranging from IT technicians to administrative staff. At this point, the platform covers around 75% of the healthcare systems and it is fully accepted by its main users as a reliable and effective preventive tool.

Type of Message, Personality, and Attitude Change

1968 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 643-648 ◽  
Author(s):  
Larry C. Jensen ◽  
Susan Knecht
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Multiple Regression Analysis ◽  
Attitude Change ◽  
Persuasive Communication ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
Emotional Appeal ◽  
Treatment Conditions ◽  
Emotional Appeals ◽  
The Relationship

This experiment was designed to test the hypotheses that the relationship between personality and attitude change is affected by the type of persuasive communication and that the relationship between personality, attitude change, and type of appeal would be different for the two sexes. 280 college students were randomly divided into three treatment conditions. Each group received either a factual, emotional, or conforming appeal. Measures of anxiety (MAS), self-concept (S-C), authoritarianism (F), and intolerance of ambiguity (IA) were obtained for each student. A multiple regression analysis was conducted for each treatment and sex group with attitude change scores used as the dependent variable. Significant F ratios for the cumulative regression were found for males receiving the conforming message and for females receiving the conforming and emotional appeals. No personality measure was associated with attitude change following the factual appeal for either sex, or for the emotional appeal for the males. For the males in the con forming-appeal treatment IA was positively correlated with attitude change, while MAS and F were negatively correlated. For females in the conforming-appeal treatment S-C was positively correlated and MAS negatively correlated, while MAS was positively correlated in the emotional treatment. The results were interpreted as supporting the basic hypotheses and suggest that considerable attention must be given to the appeal used to induce attitude change in studies investigating personality and persuasibility.

The Attitudes Toward Women Scale and Attitude Change in College Students

1997 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janet T. Spence ◽  
Eugene D. Hahn
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Gender Role ◽  
Attitude Change ◽  
Gender Role Attitudes ◽  
Attitudes Toward Women ◽  
Ceiling Effects ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Score Distributions

To determine cohort changes in gender-role attitudes, responses to the 15-item form of the Attitudes Toward Women Scale (AWS; Spence & Helmreich, 1972a, 1978) were compared for students at the same university tested in 1972, 1976, 1980, and 1992. In both males and females, members of the 1992 cohort were the most egalitarian, and members of the 1972 cohort were the least egalitarian. In all groups, women were significantly less traditional in their attitudes than men. As has been found in previous studies, detailed analyses of the data from the 1992 cohort revealed that the scale was unifactorial, but that the score distributions were skewed. There was also some indication of ceiling effects at the egalitarian end of the scale, particularly in women. The implications of these latter results for the usefulness of the AWS in current research were explored.

Adaptation of the Devaluation–Discrimination Scale Into Turkish: A Comprehensive Psychometric Analysis

Assessment ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 107319112110392
Author(s):  
Ertuğrul Şahin ◽  
Nursel Topkaya
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Factor Structure ◽  
Help Seeking ◽  
Social Stigma ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Temporal Stability ◽  
Psychometric Evaluation ◽  
Psychological Help ◽  
Time Interval

The Devaluation–Discrimination Scale (DDS) is among the most frequently used stigma scales for measuring the perception of social stigma related to mental illness. The DDS is also frequently employed to test predictions of modified labeling theory and is modified to use for specific disorders, such as depression, substance abuse, and alcohol use disorders. Although modified versions of the DDS have been subjected to psychometric analyses, the original has never undergone a full psychometric evaluation. Thus, the aim of this study was to comprehensively examine the psychometric properties of the Turkish adaptation of the original DDS, with all positively keyed items, across seven studies in Turkish student and community samples ( N = 1,907). The results of the exploratory factor analysis indicated that a one-dimensional factor structure adequately explained the covariation among DDS items in a sample of college students. Moreover, the single-factor structure of the DDS was corroborated, and invariant across sex, age, educational level, mental health diagnosis status, and previous help-seeking experience among Turkish adults. The convergent and divergent validity of DDS scores also were supported by significant correlations in the hypothesized directions with self-stigma ( r = .26), social stigma ( r = .46), attitudes toward seeking professional psychological help ( r = −.24), and intention to seek psychological help scores ( r = −.24). The results of the reliability analyses suggested that the DDS has good temporal stability in a 1-month time interval ( r = .83, intraclass correlation coefficient = .83) and possesses high to excellent internal consistency reliabilities ranging from .88 to .92 across five studies. The examination of the distribution of total DDS scores indicated that there were no floor and ceiling effects in DDS scores across five different samples. The Turkish adaptation of the original DDS may be used as a valid and reliable scale to measure the devaluation and discrimination perceptions of college students and adults against people with mental illness.

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