Personality Dispositions in the Prediction of Posttraumatic Stress Reactions

2006 ◽  
Vol 99 (2) ◽  
pp. 569-580 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. V. Aidman ◽  
L. Kollaras-Mitsinikos
Keyword(s):  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
Eysenck Personality Questionnaire ◽  
Stress Reactions ◽  
Impact Of Event Scale ◽  
Event Scale ◽  
Posttraumatic Symptoms ◽  
Metropolitan Hospital ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Impact

The study examined the relationship of extraversion, neuroticism, and impulsiveness with posttraumatic stress reactions of avoidance and intrusion. 36 outpatients from a Trauma Unit at a major metropolitan hospital in Melbourne (Victoria), and 24 age-matched controls completed the Impact of Event Scale, the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire Revised, and the Impulsivity Questionnaire. Intrusion symptoms were predicted both by Extraversion and Neuroticism, after controlling for age and gender, with Neuroticism making a stronger contribution to the prediction. The only predictor of Avoidance symptoms was Neuroticism. Impulsivity correlated with Intrusion symptoms but predicted them only in the trauma group. This finding, along with the observed positive associations of Extroversion with both posttraumatic symptoms, lends support to Gray's model of dispositions influencing responses to trauma, suggesting that impulsive (extroverted) neurotics are more vulnerable to posttraumatic stress than introverted ones.

Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Illness Behaviour in HIV+ Patients

1996 ◽  
Vol 79 (3) ◽  
pp. 843-845 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karel F. H. Botha
Keyword(s):  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Stress Reactions ◽  
Hiv Patients ◽  
Illness Behaviour ◽  
Impact Of Event Scale ◽  
Event Scale ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Practical Implications ◽  
Asymptomatic Hiv

24 asymptomatic HIV+ patients completed the Impact of Event Scale and the Illness Behaviour Questionnaire. Analysis indicated above-average scores on posttraumatic stress reactions as well as significant intercorrelations of this score with scores on three factors on the Illness Behaviour Questionnaire, namely, hypochondriasis, affective inhibition, and disease conviction. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed in terms of these findings.

Symptoms of Acute Posttraumatic Stress Disorder After Intensive Care

2008 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 534-543 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen Wallen ◽  
Wendy Chaboyer ◽  
Lukman Thalib ◽  
Debra K. Creedy
Keyword(s):  
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Independent Predictor ◽  
Cutoff Score ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Impact Of Event Scale ◽  
Event Scale ◽  
The Impact

Background Admission to intensive care is often a sudden and unexpected event precipitated by a life-threatening condition, 2 determinants thought to influence the development of posttraumatic stress disorder. Objectives To identify the frequency of acute symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder and to describe factors predictive of these symptoms in patients 1 month after discharge from intensive care. Methods In this prospective cohort study, all patients meeting the inclusion criteria during the study period were invited to participate. Participants completed the Impact of Event Scale-Revised, and demographic and clinical data were accessed from an intensive care unit database. Results During a 9-month period, 114 of 137 patients who met the inclusion criteria consented to participate in the study, and 100 (88%) completed it. The mean total score on the Impact of Event Scale-Revised was 17.8 (SD, 13.4; possible range, 0–88). A total of 13 participants (13%) scored higher than the cutoff score for clinical posttraumatic stress disorder. Neither sex nor length of stay was predictive of acute symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder. In multivariate analysis, the only independent predictor of symptoms was age. Patients younger than 65 years were 5.6 times (95% confidence interval, 1.17–26.89) more likely than those 65 years and older to report symptoms. Conclusion The rate of symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder 1 month after discharge from intensive care was relatively low. Consistent with findings of previous research, being younger than 65 years was the only independent predictor of symptoms.

Brief measure of posttraumatic stress reactions: Impact of Event Scale-6

2009 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 405-412 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siri Thoresen ◽  
Kristian Tambs ◽  
Ajmal Hussain ◽  
Trond Heir ◽  
Venke A. Johansen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Reactions ◽  
Impact Of Event Scale ◽  
Event Scale

RESIDUAL PSYCHOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF IRAQI AGGRESSION ON KUWAITI CHILDREN

1996 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adnan Al-Shatti
Keyword(s):  
School Children ◽  
Psychological Effects ◽  
Lower Degree ◽  
Arabic Version ◽  
Stress Reactions ◽  
Thought Processes ◽  
Impact Of Event Scale ◽  
Event Scale ◽  
Kuwaiti Children ◽  
The Impact

This study investigated the effects of Iraqi aggression on the feeling and thought processes of Kuwaiti children. An Arabic version of the Impact of Event Scale (Horowhitz et al., 1979) was administered to 465 school children (195 boys and 270 girls) between 10 and 16 years of age. The results indicate that a subjective stress syndrome still persists in the thought and feeling processes of Kuwaiti children although in much lower degree than the Lebanese children as found by Al-Adsani (1990). Girls showed more stress reactions than boys.

Norwegian Adolescents' Reactions to Distant Warfare

2005 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 443-457 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atle Dyregrov ◽  
Magne Raundalen
Keyword(s):  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
Clinical Experience ◽  
Iraq War ◽  
Impact Of Event Scale ◽  
Event Scale ◽  
Adolescents And Adults ◽  
The Media ◽  
Kosovo War ◽  
The Impact

A total of 1695 Norwegian adolescents answered a questionnaire concerning how they perceived and reacted to the threat of war during the 1999 Kosovo war and the 2003 Iraq war. Based on previous research and clinical experience the following hypotheses were formed: a) The Kosovo war, being in closer proximity to Norway, will result in more reactions than the Iraq war; b) There will be more communication between adolescents and adults following the Iraq war than following the Kosovo war, due to education by psychologists via the media in the intervening period; c) Girls will evidence more reactions than boys, in line with previous work; d) Adolescents who score above cut-off on the Impact of Event Scale will report less communication with friends and parents, in line with psychosocial theories of posttraumatic stress and previous empirical findings. The first three hypotheses were generally supported, but findings regarding hypothesis (d) were mixed. It is believed that a more open communicative climate has developed in families and schools following increased attention by professionals and media to the coverage of wars and disasters in the media. Mild reactions to the two wars suggest adolescent resilience. Professionals can play an important role in disseminating information on how such events can be handled by parents, professionals and society at large.

The EMDR Protocol for Recent Critical Incidents: Brief Report of an Application in a Human Massacre Situation

2011 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 156-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ignacio Jarero ◽  
Susana Uribe
Keyword(s):  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
Critical Incidents ◽  
Attorney General ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Natural Setting ◽  
Ptsd Symptoms ◽  
Impact Of Event Scale ◽  
Event Scale ◽  
Delayed Treatment ◽  
The Impact

This ongoing field study was conducted subsequent to the discovery of clandestine graves with 218 bodies recovered in the Mexican state of Durango in April 2011. A preliminary psychometric assessment was conducted with the 60 State Attorney General employees who were working with the corpses to establish a triage criterion and provide baseline measures. The Impact of Event Scale (IES) and the short posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) rating interview were administered, and the 32 individuals whose scores indicated moderate-to-severe posttraumatic stress and PTSD symptoms were treated with the eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) Protocol for Recent Critical Incidents (EMDR-PRECI). Participants were assigned to two groups: immediate treatment (severe scores) and waitlist/delayed treatment (moderate scores). Each individual client session lasted between 90 and 120 minutes. Results showed that one session of EMDR-PRECI produced significant improvement on self-report measures of posttraumatic stress and PTSD symptoms for both the immediate treatment and waitlist/delayed treatment groups. This study provides preliminary evidence in support of the protocol’s efficacy in a natural setting of a human massacre situation to a group of traumatized adults working under extreme stressors. More controlled research is recommended to evaluate further the protocol’s efficacy.

Does social support from family and friends work as a buffer against reactions to stressful life events such as terminal cancer?

2007 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
GERD INGER RINGDAL ◽  
KRISTEN RINGDAL ◽  
MARIT S. JORDHØY ◽  
STEIN KAASA
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Emotional Functioning ◽  
Stressful Events ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Terminal Cancer ◽  
Stress Reactions ◽  
Impact Of Event Scale ◽  
Event Scale ◽  
Low Degree ◽  
The Impact

Objective: To examine the relationship between social support and emotional functioning and stress reactions. Our hypothesis is that patients who reported a high degree of social support will experience better emotional functioning and less serious stress reactions than patients with a low degree of social support.Method: The sample was comprised of 434 patients at the Palliative Medicine Unit (PMU), University Hospital of Trondheim in Norway. The patients completed a questionnaire monthly including questions about social support from the MacAdam's Scale, subjective stress measured by the Impact of Event Scale (IES), and emotional functioning measured by the subscale in the EORTC QLQ-30.Results: Although our hypothesis was not supported at the baseline assessment, it was supported at the second assessment, 2 months later. Patients with high social support reported better emotional functioning and less serious stress reactions, in terms of lower scores on the IES avoidance subscale, than patients with a low degree of social support.Significance of the results: The mixed findings may indicate that social support has only small effects on emotional functioning and stress reactions. Our results on the second assessment indicate, however, that social support might work as a buffer against reactions toward external stressful events such as terminal cancer.

scholarly journals Correction to: Screening for posttraumatic stress disorder in ARDS survivors: validation of the impact of event Scale-6 (IES-6)

Critical Care ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Megan M. Hosey ◽  
Jeannie-Marie S. Leoutsakos ◽  
Ximin Li ◽  
Victor D. Dinglas ◽  
O. Joseph Bienvenu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Impact Of Event Scale ◽  
Event Scale ◽  
The Impact
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document