scholarly journals Data gaps towards health development goals, 47 low- and middle-income countries

2022 ◽  
Vol 100 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-49
Author(s):  
Luhua Zhao ◽  
Bochen Cao ◽  
Elaine Borghi ◽  
Somnath Chatterji ◽  
Sebastian Garcia-Saiso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Development ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Data Gaps ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Low And Middle Income

scholarly journals Toward Model-Generated Household Listing in Low- and Middle-Income Countries Using Deep Learning

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 448 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Chew ◽  
Kasey Jones ◽  
Jennifer Unangst ◽  
James Cajka ◽  
Justine Allpress ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Object Detection ◽  
Household Surveys ◽  
Building Structures ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Detection Model ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Low And Middle Income

While governments, researchers, and NGOs are exploring ways to leverage big data sources for sustainable development, household surveys are still a critical source of information for dozens of the 232 indicators for the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Though some countries’ statistical agencies maintain databases of persons or households for sampling, conducting household surveys in LMICs is complicated due to incomplete, outdated, or inaccurate sampling frames. As a means to develop or update household listings in LMICs, this paper explores the use of machine learning models to detect and enumerate building structures directly from satellite imagery in the Kaduna state of Nigeria. Specifically, an object detection model was used to identify and locate buildings in satellite images. In the test set, the model attained a mean average precision (mAP) of 0.48 for detecting structures, with relatively higher values in areas with lower building density (mAP = 0.65). Furthermore, when model predictions were compared against recent household listings from fieldwork in Nigeria, the predictions showed high correlation with household coverage (Pearson = 0.70; Spearman = 0.81). With the need to produce comparable, scalable SDG indicators, this case study explores the feasibility and challenges of using object detection models to help develop timely enumerated household lists in LMICs.

Maternal morbidity

2018 ◽  
pp. 112-116
Author(s):  
Mary McCauley ◽  
Nynke van den Broek
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Maternal Health ◽  
Maternal Mortality ◽  
Maternal Morbidity ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Health And Wellbeing ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Low And Middle Income

Maternal morbidity describes complications that have a significant effect on women during and after pregnancy, and are a leading cause of ill-health among women of reproductive age, especially in low- and middle-income countries. With the introduction of the new Sustainable Development Goals, the scope of global maternal health targets has been expanded, moving from a focus on preventing maternal mortality to formulating targets and emphasising the importance of maternal health and wellbeing. This chapter introduces the new concept of maternal morbidity, suggests how this relates to maternal mortality, and summarises what is known about the burden of maternal morbidity globally and what interventions and research are needed to improve maternal health during and after pregnancy, with an emphasis on the context of low- and middle-income countries.

scholarly journals Monitoring Sustainable Development Goals 3: Assessing the Readiness of Low- and Middle-Income Countries

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joy Belinda Nabukalu ◽  
James Avoka Asamani ◽  
Juliet Nabyonga-Orem
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Sustainable Development Goals ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Service Planning ◽  
Data Availability ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Low And Middle Income

Background: The Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) availed opportunities for scaling up service coverage but called for stringent monitoring and evaluation (M&E) focusing mainly on MDG related programs. The Sustainable Development Goals 3 (SDGs) and the universal health coverage (UHC) agenda present a broader scope and require more sophisticated M&E systems. We assessed the readiness of low- and middle-income countries to monitor SDG 3. Methods: Employing mixed methods, we reviewed health sector M&E plans of 6 countries in the World Health Organization (WHO) Africa Region to assess the challenges to M&E, the indicator selection pattern and the extent of multisectoral collaboration. Qualitative data were analysed using content thematic analysis while quantitative data were analysed using Excel. Results: Challenges to monitoring SDG 3 include weak institutional capacity; fragmentation of M&E functions; inadequate domestic financing; inadequate data availability, dissemination and utilization of M&E products. The total number of indictors in the reviewed plans varied from 38 for Zimbabwe to 235 for Zanzibar. Sixty-nine percent of indicators for the Gambia and 89% for Zanzibar were not classified in any domain in the M&E results chain. Countries lay greater M&E emphasis on service delivery, health systems, maternal and child health as well as communicable diseases with a seeming neglect of the non-communicable diseases (NCDs). Inclusion of SDG 3 indicators only ranged from 48% for Zanzibar to 67% for Kenya. Although monitoring SDG 3 calls for multisectoral collaboration, consideration of the role of other sectors in the M&E plans was either absent or limited to the statistical departments. Conclusion: There are common challenges confronting M&E at county-level. Countries have omitted key indicators for monitoring components of the SDG 3 targets especially those on NCDs and injuries. The role of other sectors in monitoring SDG 3 targets is not adequately reflected. These could be bottlenecks to tracking progress towards SDG 3 if not addressed. Beyond providing compendium of indicators to guide countries, we advocate for a more binding minimum set of indicators for all countries to which they may add depending on their context. Ministries of Health (MoHs) should prioritise M&E as an important pillar for health service planning and implementation and not as an add-on activity.

scholarly journals The Science of Scale for Violence Prevention: A New Agenda for Family Strengthening in Low- and Middle-Income Countries

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yulia Shenderovich ◽  
Jamie M. Lachman ◽  
Catherine L. Ward ◽  
Inge Wessels ◽  
Frances Gardner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Violence Prevention ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
Reduction Strategies ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Family Strengthening ◽  
Low And Middle Income

Ending all violence against children by 2030 is a core part of Sustainable Development Goals 5 and 16. A number of promising violence reduction strategies have been identified in research studies. However, we lack an understanding of the implementation and impact of these programs in respect to their delivery at a large scale or within existing service systems, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). We advocate for greater collaboration between researchers, policymakers, donors, governments, non-governmental organizations, and program managers and staff to study how violence prevention programs operate on a large scale. We describe a new initiative aiming to foster such collaborations in the field of family strengthening programs.

scholarly journals Addressing the Linkages between Gender and Transport in Low- and Middle-Income Countries

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (17) ◽  
pp. 4555 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanu Priya Uteng ◽  
Jeff Turner
Keyword(s):  
Gender Equality ◽  
Millennium Development Goals ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
History Of ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Research And Policy ◽  
Low And Middle Income

The Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) specifies gender equality and sustainable development as their two central priorities. An area of critical importance for sustainable and gender-fair development is mobility and transport, which has so far been neglected and downplayed in research and policy making both at the national and global levels. Rooted in the history of the topic and the emerging ideas on smart, green and integrated transport, this paper presents a literature review of on gender and transport in the low- and middle-income countries. The paper presents a host of cross-cutting topics with a concentrated focus on spatial and transport planning. The paper further identifies existing research gaps and comments on the new conceptualizations on smart cities and smart mobilities in the Global South. Due attention is paid to intersections and synergies that can be created between different development sectors, emerging transport modes, data and modeling exercises, gender equality and sustainability.

Factors influencing the adoption of SDG reporting by large African and Asian companies

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amirreza Kazemikhasragh ◽  
Antonella Francesca Cicchiello ◽  
Maria Cristina Pietronudo
Keyword(s):  
Sustainability Reporting ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Reporting Practices ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Sustainability Disclosure ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Low And Middle Income

This article aims to investigate the adoption of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) by large companies in low- and middle-income countries in Asia and Africa, and the company characteristics that influence them to undertake such new sustainability reporting practices. Logistic regression analyses were applied to combine the data extracted from the Global Reporting Initiative’s Sustainability Disclosure Database and the Orbis database from Bureau van Dijk. The empirical results indicate that characteristics like the type of company, its economic performance and its engagement in voluntary sustainability programmes and external assurance are positively related to the adoption of SDG reporting. The results also show that some corporate, organizational and performance characteristics increase companies’ likelihood to adopt SDG reporting. Drawing on agency theory and legitimacy theory perspectives, this article contributes to the academic and practical understanding of factors influencing the adoption of SDG reporting by large companies in Asia and Africa’s low- and middle-income countries.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Usage in Animal Production: A Review of the Literature with a Focus on Low- and Middle-Income Countries

Antibiotics ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nguyen Cuong ◽  
Pawin Padungtod ◽  
Guy Thwaites ◽  
Juan Carrique-Mas
Keyword(s):  
Animal Species ◽  
Animal Production ◽  
Active Principle ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Data Gaps ◽  
Research Initiatives ◽  
On Farm ◽  
Large Deficit ◽  
Low And Middle Income

Antimicrobial use (AMU) in animal production is a key contributor to antimicrobial resistance (AMR) worldwide. As consumption of animal protein and associated animal production is forecast to increase markedly over coming years in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), accurate monitoring of AMU has become imperative. We summarized data from 89 scientific studies reporting AMU data in animal production published in English since 1998, identified through the ‘ISI Web of Knowledge’ search engine. The aims were as follows: (a) to describe methodologies and metrics used to quantify AMU; (b) to summarize qualitative (on-farm prevalence of use) and quantitative (amounts of antimicrobial active principle) data, in order to identify food animal species at the highest risk of AMU; and (c) to highlight data gaps from LMICs. Only 17/89 (19.1%) studies were conducted in LMICs. Sixty (67.3%) reported quantitative data use, with ‘daily doses per animal-time’ being the most common metric. AMU was greatest in chickens (138 doses/1000 animal-days [inter quartile range (IQR) 91.1–438.3]), followed by swine (40.2 [IQR 8.5–120.4]), and dairy cattle (10.0 [IQR 5.5–13.6]). However, per kg of meat produced, AMU was highest in swine, followed by chickens and cattle. Our review highlights a large deficit of data from LMICs, and provides a reference for comparison with further surveillance and research initiatives aiming to reduce AMU in animal production globally.

Oxford Textbook of Global Health of Women, Newborns, Children, and Adolescents

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Maternal Health ◽  
Maternal Mortality ◽  
Maternal Morbidity ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Pregnancy And Childbirth ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Low And Middle Income

Maternal morbidity describes complications during pregnancy and childbirth that are a leading cause of death, disability, and ill health among women of reproductive age, especially in low and middle-income countries. With the introduction of the new Sustainable Development Goals, the scope of global maternal health targets has been expanded, moving from a focus on preventing maternal mortality to formulating targets and emphasising the importance of maternal health and well-being. This book introduces the new concept of maternal morbidity, suggests how this relates to maternal mortality, summarises what is known about the burden of maternal morbidity globally and what interventions and research are needed to improve maternal health during and after pregnancy, with an emphasis on the context of low and middle-income countries.

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