scholarly journals The Science of Scale for Violence Prevention: A New Agenda for Family Strengthening in Low- and Middle-Income Countries

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yulia Shenderovich ◽  
Jamie M. Lachman ◽  
Catherine L. Ward ◽  
Inge Wessels ◽  
Frances Gardner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Violence Prevention ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
Reduction Strategies ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Family Strengthening ◽  
Low And Middle Income

Ending all violence against children by 2030 is a core part of Sustainable Development Goals 5 and 16. A number of promising violence reduction strategies have been identified in research studies. However, we lack an understanding of the implementation and impact of these programs in respect to their delivery at a large scale or within existing service systems, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). We advocate for greater collaboration between researchers, policymakers, donors, governments, non-governmental organizations, and program managers and staff to study how violence prevention programs operate on a large scale. We describe a new initiative aiming to foster such collaborations in the field of family strengthening programs.

scholarly journals Education, Work, and Motherhood in Low and Middle Income Countries: A Review of Equality Challenges and Opportunities for Women with Disabilities

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 82-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Belaynesh Tefera ◽  
Marloes L. Van Engen ◽  
Alice Schippers ◽  
Arne H. Eide ◽  
Amber Kersten ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Women With Disabilities ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Governmental Organization ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
The Government ◽  
Low And Middle Income

This study looks at the equality challenges and opportunities for women with disabilities in low and middle income countries (LMICs) to participate and succeed in education, employment and motherhood. It is based on a systematic review of the literature from academic and non-governmental organization databases. The search of these databases yielded 24 articles, which were subsequently passed through open, axial, and selective coding. The resulting review found that women with disabilities in LMICs have severe difficulty participating and succeeding in education, employment and motherhood due to a number of interrelated factors: (i) hampered access to education, employment, intimacy and marriage, (ii) stigma and cultural practices resulting in discrimination and prejudice, and (iii) lack of support from family, teachers and institutions—all of which are exacerbated by poverty. Support from families, communities, the government, and non-governmental organizations improves women’s ability to fulfil their social roles (as students, employees and mothers), resulting in a better quality of life. Strategies that create awareness, minimize poverty and facilitate justice may improve the opportunities for women with disabilities in LMICs to participate in education, employment and motherhood, as well as their ability to succeed in these domains.

scholarly journals Pediatric Health Outcome Evaluation in Low-and Middle-Income Countries: A Scoping Review of NGO Practice

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 2333794X2199101
Author(s):  
Jennifer Taylor ◽  
Paula Forgeron ◽  
Amanda Vandyk ◽  
Allen Finley ◽  
Sophie Lightfoot
Keyword(s):  
Health Outcome ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Outcome Evaluation ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Pediatric Health ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
Low And Middle Income

Objective. The purpose of this study was to explore the research on the delivery and evaluation of pediatric health services by non-governmental organizations in low-and middle-income countries to better understand how they contribute to positive and sustainable health outcomes. Methods. A scoping review was completed using a 2-step study selection procedure. Results. Of the 5742 studies, 17 met criteria, including quantitative and mixed method designs, representing 10 different non-governmental organizations with programs in 33 low-and middle-income countries. Health outcomes were reported 89 times across the studies. A total of 56 different outcomes were identified in total, of which 24 were positive, 27 were negative, and 5 were unchanged. Conclusions. Widespread variation between non-governmental organizations exist, however, comprehensive pediatric health outcome evaluation is growing. Further emphasis should be given to adolescent specific research and robust measurement of quality of life.

Policy and public mental health in low- and middle-income countries

2018 ◽  
pp. 539-548
Author(s):  
Laura Shields ◽  
Soumitra Pathare ◽  
Pallavi Karnatak ◽  
Keshav Desiraju
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Health Policy ◽  
Mental Health Policy ◽  
Public Mental Health ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
Inclusive Policy ◽  
Low And Middle Income

Low- and middle-income countries (LAMICs) often struggle with the development and implementation of mental health policy. Mental health policy is a complex concept affected by social, political and economic factors, and influenced by the third sector, patient and family organisations. A challenge is ensuring regular review of policies to reflect changing demographics and contextual factors. Many non-governmental organizations, researchers, implementation specialists, and advocates contributed and supported the development, implementation, customization, and evaluation of mental health policy documents in LAMICs. These developments keep public mental health and prevention of mental disorders central to the policy-making process. The development of a good mental health policy requires (a) defining goals and specific targets, (b) establishing an inclusive policy process which involves all stakeholders involved in or affected directly or indirectly by mental ill-health (c) setting a time frame for the implementation of policies and also for review and renewal.

Real-World Examples

2019 ◽  
pp. 187-233
Author(s):  
Madison Powers
Keyword(s):  
Urban Centers ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Structural Injustice ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
The Us ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
Primary Focus ◽  
Low And Middle Income

This chapter utilizes four examples to highlight the characteristic features of structural injustice in a variety of settings around the world. The first section examines how structural injustice operates in environmental “sacrifice zones” both in the US and in low- and middle-income countries. The primary focus of this discussion is the impact on children and future generations. The second section provides a portrait of the kinds of mutually reinforcing mechanisms of structural injustice at work both in US cities and in the rapidly growing urban centers of low- and middle-income countries. The US urban context is examined primarily through the experience of communities of color, especially in areas of concentrated poverty. The experience of women is the centerpiece of the discussion of the slums of low- and middle-income countries. Each example emphasizes experiences and insights of social movement activists, investigative journalists, and non-governmental organizations.

scholarly journals Toward Model-Generated Household Listing in Low- and Middle-Income Countries Using Deep Learning

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 448 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Chew ◽  
Kasey Jones ◽  
Jennifer Unangst ◽  
James Cajka ◽  
Justine Allpress ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Object Detection ◽  
Household Surveys ◽  
Building Structures ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Detection Model ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Low And Middle Income

While governments, researchers, and NGOs are exploring ways to leverage big data sources for sustainable development, household surveys are still a critical source of information for dozens of the 232 indicators for the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Though some countries’ statistical agencies maintain databases of persons or households for sampling, conducting household surveys in LMICs is complicated due to incomplete, outdated, or inaccurate sampling frames. As a means to develop or update household listings in LMICs, this paper explores the use of machine learning models to detect and enumerate building structures directly from satellite imagery in the Kaduna state of Nigeria. Specifically, an object detection model was used to identify and locate buildings in satellite images. In the test set, the model attained a mean average precision (mAP) of 0.48 for detecting structures, with relatively higher values in areas with lower building density (mAP = 0.65). Furthermore, when model predictions were compared against recent household listings from fieldwork in Nigeria, the predictions showed high correlation with household coverage (Pearson = 0.70; Spearman = 0.81). With the need to produce comparable, scalable SDG indicators, this case study explores the feasibility and challenges of using object detection models to help develop timely enumerated household lists in LMICs.

scholarly journals Large-Scale Food Fortification and Biofortification in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Review of Programs, Trends, Challenges, and Evidence Gaps

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 315-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saskia J. M. Osendarp ◽  
Homero Martinez ◽  
Greg S. Garrett ◽  
Lynnette M. Neufeld ◽  
Luz Maria De-Regil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Food System ◽  
Food Fortification ◽  
Micronutrient Deficiencies ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Essential Components ◽  
Quality Of Delivery ◽  
And Control ◽  
Low And Middle Income

Background: Food fortification and biofortification are well-established strategies to address micronutrient deficiencies in vulnerable populations. However, the effectiveness of fortification programs is not only determined by the biological efficacy of the fortified foods but also by effective and sustainable implementation, which requires continual monitoring, quality assurance and control, and corrective measures to ensure high compliance. Objective: To provide an overview of efficacy, effectiveness, economics of food fortification and biofortification, and status of and challenges faced by large-scale food fortification programs in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC). Methods: A literature review of PubMed publications in English from 2000 to 2017, as well as gray literature, targeting nongovernmental organizations whose work focuses on this topic, complemented by national reports and a “snowball” process of citation searching. The article describes remaining technical challenges, barriers, and evidence gap and prioritizes recommendations and next steps to further accelerate progress and potential of impact. Results: The review identifies and highlights essential components of successful programs. It also points out issues that determine poor program performance, including lack of adequate monitoring and enforcement and poor compliance with standards by industry. Conclusions: In the last 17 years, large-scale food fortification initiatives have been reaching increasingly larger segments of populations in LMIC. Large-scale food fortification and biofortification should be part of other nutrition-specific and nutrition-sensitive efforts to prevent and control micronutrient deficiencies. There are remaining technical and food system challenges, especially in relation to improving coverage and quality of delivery and measuring progress of national programs.

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