Ground Improvement. Recycle of Construction Sludge in Soil-Cement Diaphragm Walls.

2000 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-49
Author(s):  
Takeo SUZUKI ◽  
Toshimitsu KUNITO ◽  
Motohiro NISHI
Keyword(s):  
Ground Improvement ◽  
Soil Cement ◽  
Diaphragm Walls

scholarly journals Ground improvement using soil–cement columns: Experimental investigation

2013 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 733-740 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Farouk ◽  
Marawan M. Shahien
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Investigation ◽  
Ground Improvement ◽  
Soil Cement

scholarly journals Design and construction of a deep excavation in soft soils adjacent to the Shanghai Metro tunnels

2003 ◽  
Vol 40 (5) ◽  
pp. 933-948 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z F Hu ◽  
Z Q Yue ◽  
J Zhou ◽  
L G Tham
Keyword(s):  
Ground Improvement ◽  
Soft Soil ◽  
Soft Clay ◽  
Theoretical Method ◽  
Horizontal Displacement ◽  
Deep Excavation ◽  
Construction Methods ◽  
Diaphragm Walls ◽  
Shanghai Metro ◽  
Design And Construction

This paper presents the design and construction of a deep excavation for building foundations in saturated soil. This deep excavation was of particular interest because it was located above and beside the Shanghai Metro tunnels. The twin Shanghai Metro tunnels had to be in full operation during the deep excavation. Potential large deformation of the twin tunnels was one of the main concerns during the design and construction for the deep excavation. The paper discusses in detail the criteria and measures for controlling the soil and tunnel deformation. The measures included cast-in-place concrete diaphragm walls with bracing structural members, pumping consolidation, cement–soil mix pile systems, and rational excavation procedures. A simplified theoretical method was proposed to estimate the increment in undrained shear strength in a soft clay layer due to pumping consolidation. Furthermore, conventional finite element methods were used to predict the soil vertical and horizontal displacements induced by the excavation. Using the design and construction methods discussed in the paper, the settlement and horizontal displacement of the tunnels were successfully controlled within 5.0 mm and 9.0 mm, respectively. The curvature of longitudinal deformation curve of the tunnels was less than 1/15 000. The horizontal displacement of the braced diaphragm walls was less than 0.12% of the total excavation depth. Key words: Metro tunnels, saturated soft soil, deep excavation, design, construction, ground improvement, case studies.

A field trial of jet-grouting in marine clay

2001 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 338-348 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teoh Yaw Poh ◽  
Ing Hieng Wong
Keyword(s):  
Ground Improvement ◽  
Free Field ◽  
Earth Pressure ◽  
Soil Mass ◽  
Diaphragm Wall ◽  
Marine Clay ◽  
Jet Grouting ◽  
Strength And Deformation ◽  
Diaphragm Walls ◽  
Soil Movements

The basement excavation of the Singapore Post Center involved extensive jet-grouting to improve the soft marine clay present within the excavation. The treated soil mass, with much improved strength and deformation characteristics, was intended to act as an internal strut below the bottom of the excavation level, reducing movements caused by the basement excavation. This paper presents the performance of a well-instrumented field jet-grouting trial during the construction of the building basement. Results of monitoring suggest that the jet-grouting trial caused the retaining diaphragm walls and the adjacent soils immediately behind and at some distance away from the walls to move away from the jet-grouted area. The maximum free field lateral soil movements in the excavation side of the jet-grouted mass were much larger than the corresponding lateral movements behind the wall. The results suggest that the diaphragm wall provided considerable restraint, thereby reducing the lateral movements of the soil behind the wall induced by the jet-grouting. Bending moments were induced in the diaphragm walls due to the jet-grouting work. The jet-grouting also caused some increase in the lateral earth pressure and the piezometric levels.Key words: jet-grouting, ground improvement, diaphragm wall, ground movements.

scholarly journals Application of Soil-Cement Piles to the Ground Improvement of Harbor Structures

2013 ◽  
Vol 29 (11) ◽  
pp. 29-47
Author(s):  
Seong-Hun Lee ◽  
Oh-Yeob Kwon ◽  
Jong-Ho Shin
Keyword(s):  
Ground Improvement ◽  
Soil Cement

Ground Improvement Design and Construction for Seattle's Elliott Bay Seawall Replacement and Retrofit

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
William Perkins
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Vulnerability ◽  
Ground Improvement ◽  
Soil Mass ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Performance Criteria ◽  
Earthquake Ground Motion ◽  
Significant Deterioration ◽  
Soil Cement ◽  
Jet Grouting ◽  
Space Requirements

The Elliott Bay Seawall in Seattle, Washington, was constructed in the early 1900s over soft/loose non-engineered and liquefaction susceptible fill, estuary, and beach deposits. The fill includes wood from historic waterfront sawmills and debris from the 1889 Great Seattle Fire. After the 2001 Nisqually earthquake, an evaluation of the seawall condition and seismic vulnerability determined that it had undergone significant deterioration and was susceptible to collapse for a 100-year earthquake. This evaluation led to design and replacement/retrofit of 1,130 meters (3,700 feet) of seawall. The new seawall includes an improved soil mass constructed of a cellular arrangement of jet-grout columns that supports a seawall superstructure and provides all seismic lateral restraint. The improved soil mass seismic performance criteria are based on allowable seawall displacement for three earthquake ground motion levels. Final improved soil mass design utilized non-linear dynamic soil-structure interaction analyses. To meet performance criteria, improved soil mass widths range between 7.9 and 18.3 meters (26 and 60 feet), ground improvement area replacement ranges between 50 and 64 percent, and jet-grout soil-cement unconfined compressive strength ranges between 0.86 and 2.76 MPa (125 and 400 psi), depending on the soil type. Improved soil mass construction issues included equipment selection, limited space, spoils handling, wood debris, and obstructions (e.g., buried utilities, piles, and temporary shoring). Lessons learned included: (1) jet grouting was the best construction method given the utilities and thousands of piles beneath the site, (2) early obstructions identification and contingency plans are critical to maintain production, and (3) an understanding of space requirements for all construction activities is required for safe and productive working conditions.

Finite Element Method (FEM) of Rigid Pavement Laid on Soft Soil Stabilized with Soil Cement Column

2016 ◽  
Vol 845 ◽  
pp. 83-88
Author(s):  
Fendi Hary Yanto ◽  
Yusep Muslih Purwana ◽  
Niken Silmi Surjandari
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element Method ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Numerical Analysis ◽  
Ground Improvement ◽  
Soft Soil ◽  
Soil Column ◽  
Soil Deformation ◽  
Rigid Pavement ◽  
Soil Cement ◽  
Strength And Stiffness

Several investigators have extended the numerical analysis to model ground improvement using soil-column to support structures. Cement columns are widely used to improve the load deformity characteristics of soft soils. This technique would increase soil bearing capacity and reduces soil deformation owing to improving of soil strength and stiffness. The aim of this paper is to determine the rigid pavement structure deformity on soft soil for the cases of with and without column soil cement. Two geometrical models were used in this analysis: (a) without column soil cement and (b) with column soil. The result indicated that the presence of soil cement column considerably contributes to the decrease in deformation due to the increase in stiffness.

scholarly journals Load Carrying Capacity of Circular Footing on Black Cotton Soil Reinforced with Fibre Mixed Soil-Cement Column

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 2334-2337
Keyword(s):  
Carrying Capacity ◽  
Ground Improvement ◽  
Reinforced Soil ◽  
Black Cotton Soil ◽  
Load Carrying Capacity ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Polypropylene Fibres ◽  
Soil Cement ◽  
Viable Solution ◽  
Load Carrying

The load carrying capacity (Qa ) of black cotton (BC) soil reinforced with single ordinary soil-cement column (OSC) or fibre mixed soil-cement column (FSC) is presented in this paper. Different quantities of cement or polypropylene fibres with cement (i.e., in case of FSC) were taken to construct OSC and FSC. The test on composite soil bed was conducted after the curing period of 28 days. The test results show that the Qa of the composite soil bed reinforced with OSC containing 5% cement content (Cc ) is 2.36 times the Qa of untreated soil. Similar is the observation for the FSC reinforced BC soil test beds containing combination of Fc and Cc . The FSC reinforced soil bed improves Qa more significantly than that by the OSC. At 1% Fc and 5% Cc the Qa of the FSC reinforced BC soil is nearly the same to that of OSC reinforced soil with Cc of 15%. Thus, FSC reinforcement in BC soil provides an economical and environmentally viable solution for ground improvement than the conventional OSC.

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