The modern low emissions gas turbines operate under some of the most challenging operating conditions as more demands are exercised on their performance. For example, the future engines will have higher thrust-to-weight ratio, improved fuel efficiencies, and high overall pressure ratios. Furthermore, the environmental safety needs will dictate many of the future low emissions combustor designs to be either Lean-Premixed (LP), Lean Direct Injection (LDi), Rich-burn-Quick quench-Lean burn (RQL) or catalytic. These will impose additional demands on developing unique high temperature materials that can survive in oxidizing and reducing environments, under high temperature and pressure conditions, and have other material properties such as superior strength and stiffness. In this paper, first we discuss the salient features of advanced low-emissions gas turbines and their needs for unique material technology development. Next, we discuss the state-of-the-art material technology development as it is applied to current gas turbines. And, finally we review the material developments that will be needed for the future gas turbine engines.