1. EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH OF MITIGATION SYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING AND REDUCING RADON EXPOSURE IN RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS

Task of controlled ventilation in modern residential buildings is to ensure optimum quality of interior environment and fulfill hygienic and thermal technical requirements guaranteeing comfort of user. The paper discusses development and experimental verification of atypical vertical ventilation units of under pressure controlled ventilation system for residential high-rise building. Recommended concept of solution to façade detail in relation to ventilation system. Conceptual designs of alternatives of air inlet openings of under pressure controlled ventilation system for apartments of atypical vertical geometry. Optimized alternative of air inlet openings in the bottom level of vertical pilaster with function of air distribution channel for ventilation system. Laboratory experimental verification of physical properties of optimized alternative of ventilation units of under pressure controlled ventilation system in their development cycle. Hydrodynamic regime of air inlet openings of controlled ventilation system – laboratory experimental research in large rain chamber. Aerodynamic regime of natural controlled ventilation system – laboratory experimental research in large pressure chamber. Acoustic properties of natural controlled ventilation system – laboratory experimental research in acoustic chambers. Comparison by the experiment of verified parameters of ventilation units of under pressure controlled ventilation with design parameters.

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ORGANIZATION OF EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH DETERMINATION OF TRANSPORT NOISE LEVELS AT THE FIRST STAGE OF MOTORING

Municipal economy of cities ◽

10.33042/2522-1809-2021-3-163-206-210 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 3 (163) ◽

pp. 206-210

Author(s):

A. Reshetchenko

Keyword(s):

Experimental Research ◽

Residential Buildings ◽

Traffic Noise ◽

Control Point ◽

Noise Pollution ◽

Anthropogenic Factors ◽

Residential Areas ◽

Noise Levels ◽

Pollution Levels ◽

Noise Characteristics

Monitoring studies are considered as a system of environmental monitoring of anthropogenic factors, based on the legislation of Ukraine, monitoring of physical impacts, including noise levels, are necessary and important in terms of monitoring the air of populated cities. The article is devoted to the substantiation of the need to organize monitoring observations of the levels of noise pollution caused by the operation of vehicles in the residential areas of populated cities. Scientific and methodological approaches to the organization of experimental research to determine noise levels as the first stage of the monitoring system have been developed. The state normative-legal base is analyzed, it is revealed that the organization of experimental researches of noise characteristics of the transport streams going along apartment houses, isn't fixed at the legislative level. The system of monitoring noise pollution levels should consist of the following main stages: 1) data collection (measurement of noise levels in the field); 2) processing of the received data (calculation of equivalent and maximum noise levels on the basis of the received field observations); 3) compilation of databases; 4) detection of discomfort zones (comparison of the obtained equivalent and maximum noise levels with the allowable ones). Unified schemes of location of the control point for instrumental measurements of traffic noise levels, depending on the category of roads adjacent to residential buildings, are proposed. This approach takes into account all possible layout options of the urban area, which allows to identify noise-absorbing properties of green areas of roadside space and provide environmentally friendly noise protection solutions to reduce man-made pollution and quantify the noise load in residential areas affected by the road. The results of approbation of experimental measurements according to the offered schemes which give the chance of revealing of uncomfortable zones in territories of inhabited building for acceptance of the further ecologically safe noise protection practical decisions are resulted.

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Radon exposure is rising steadily within the modern North American residential environment, and is increasingly uniform across seasons

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-019-54891-8 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Fintan K. T. Stanley ◽

Jesse L. Irvine ◽

Weston R. Jacques ◽

Shilpa R. Salgia ◽

Daniel G. Innes ◽

...

Keyword(s):

North American ◽

Residential Buildings ◽

Geometric Mean ◽

Residential Environment ◽

Particle Radiation ◽

Radon Exposure ◽

Multiple Test ◽

Ceiling Height ◽

Time Of Year ◽

North American Prairie

AbstractHuman-made buildings can artificially concentrate radioactive radon gas of geologic origin, exposing occupants to harmful alpha particle radiation emissions that damage DNA and increase lung cancer risk. We examined how North American residential radon exposure varies by modern environmental design, occupant behaviour and season. 11,727 residential buildings were radon-tested using multiple approaches coupled to geologic, geographic, architectural, seasonal and behavioural data with quality controls. Regional residences contained 108 Bq/m3 geometric mean radon (min < 15 Bq/m3; max 7,199 Bq/m3), with 17.8% ≥ 200 Bq/m3. Pairwise analysis reveals that short term radon tests, despite wide usage, display limited value for establishing dosimetry, with precision being strongly influenced by time of year. Regression analyses indicates that the modern North American Prairie residential environment displays exceptionally high and worsening radon exposure, with more recent construction year, greater square footage, fewer storeys, greater ceiling height, and reduced window opening behaviour all associated with increased radon. Remarkably, multiple test approaches reveal minimal winter-to-summer radon variation in almost half of properties, with the remainder having either higher winter or higher summer radon. This challenges the utility of seasonal correction values for establishing dosimetry in risk estimations, and suggests that radon-attributable cancers are being underestimated.

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RECONSTRUCTION OF RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS OF THE FIRST MASS SERIES WITH USE OF A HIGH-RISE SUPERSTRUCTURE OF STEEL

Construction economic and environmental management ◽

10.37279/2519-4453-2020-3-108-122 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 108-122

Author(s):

V.T. Shalenny ◽

S.F. Akimov ◽

V.D. Malahov

Keyword(s):

Experimental Research ◽

Residential Buildings ◽

Bearing Steel ◽

Steel Frame ◽

Load Bearing ◽

High Rise ◽

Economic Justification ◽

Mass Development ◽

The Cost

The article presents the results of theoretical and experimental research aimed at developing and improving structural and organizational and technological solutions in projects for the reconstruction of five-story residential buildings of mass development, developing and improving methods of economic justification, measures to reduce the cost of the two considered options, the comparison of which will increase the efficiency of this type of reconstruction using a load-bearing steel frame.

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Using geographic information systems for radon exposure assessment in dwellings in the Oslo region, Norway

Natural Hazards and Earth System Science ◽

10.5194/nhess-14-739-2014 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 14 (4) ◽

pp. 739-749 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

R. Kollerud ◽

K. Blaasaas ◽

G. Ganerød ◽

H. K. Daviknes ◽

E. Aune ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Exposure Assessment ◽

Residential Buildings ◽

Indoor Radon ◽

Intraclass Correlation ◽

Epidemiologic Study ◽

Geographic Information ◽

Radon Measurement ◽

Radon Exposure ◽

Geological Conditions ◽

Radon Measurements

Abstract. Radon exposures were assigned to each residential address in the Oslo region using a geographic information system (GIS) that included indoor radon measurements. The results will be used in an epidemiologic study regarding leukemia and brain cancer. The model is based on 6% of measured residential buildings. High density of indoor radon measurements allowed us to develop a buffer model where indoor radon measurements found around each dwelling were used to assign a radon value for homes lacking radon measurement. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) were used to study the agreement between radon values from the buffer method, from indoor radon values of measured houses, and from a regression model constructed with radiometric data (eTh, eU) and bedrock geology. We obtained good agreement for both comparisons with ICC values between 0.54 and 0.68. GIS offers a useful variety of tools to study the indoor-radon exposure assessment. By using the buffer method it is more likely that geological conditions are similar within the buffer and this may take more into account the variation of radon over short distances. It is also probable that short-distance-scale correlation patterns express similarities in building styles and living habits. Although the method has certain limitations, we regard it as acceptable for use in epidemiological studies.

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Assessment of radiation dose hazards caused by radon and its progenies in tap water by the human dosimetric model

Journal of Water and Health ◽

10.2166/wh.2021.113 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Jinlong Yong ◽

Qian Liu ◽

Baoshan Wu ◽

Youhua Hu ◽

Guangwen Feng

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Water Consumption ◽

Radon Concentration ◽

Residential Buildings ◽

Tap Water ◽

Concentration Limit ◽

Radon Exposure ◽

Average Value ◽

Different Temperatures ◽

Water Bath Heating

Abstract Radon is readily soluble in water, and radon exposure caused by household water consumption may pose a threat to public health. In this study, the radon concentration in the tap water of residential buildings was measured, and the average value was 543.33 mBq L−1, which was in line with the radon concentration limit recommended by USEPA (11.11 Bq L−1) and EURATOM (100 Bq L−1), and also within the range of the results of radon concentration measurements in tap water in other countries or regions. Through water bath heating at different temperatures, the radon retention curves of multiple groups of samples at different temperatures were fitted and analyzed. The results showed that the radon retention continued to decrease between 25 and 70 °C, remained stable between 70 and 85 °C, and then continued to decline slowly. Combined with the measurement results, the effective doses of α- and β-particles emitted by 222Rn and its progenies to residents respiratory and alimentary tissues and organs were calculated using the computational model provided by ICRP under two typical water scenarios of shower and drinking water, and the results show that radon exposure caused by normal water consumption will not pose a serious threat to public health.

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Secondary Transfer Effect of Contact

Social Psychology ◽

10.1027/1864-9335.40.2.55 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 40 (2) ◽

pp. 55-65 ◽

Cited By ~ 146

Author(s):

Thomas F. Pettigrew

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Dissonance ◽

Experimental Research ◽

Intergroup Contact ◽

Transfer Effect ◽

Evaluative Conditioning ◽

Transfer Effects ◽

Secondary Transfer ◽

Primary Reduction

This paper reviews the evidence for a secondary transfer effect of intergroup contact. Following a contact’s typical primary reduction in prejudice toward the outgroup involved in the contact, this effect involves a further, secondary reduction in prejudice toward noninvolved outgroups. Employing longitudinal German probability samples, we found that significant secondary transfer effects of intergroup contact exist, but they were limited to specific outgroups that are similar to the contacted outgroup in perceived stereotypes, status or stigma. Since the contact-prejudice link is bidirectional, the effect is inflated when prior prejudice reducing contact is not controlled. The strongest evidence derives from experimental research. Both cognitive (dissonance) and affective (evaluative conditioning) explanations for the effect are offered.

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