scholarly journals The Assessment of the Autonomic Response to Acute Stress Using Electrodermal Activity

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 5-9
Author(s):  
Mestanlk M. ◽  
Vlsnovcova Z. ◽  
Tonhajzerova I.
Keyword(s):  
Sympathetic Activity ◽  
Acute Stress ◽  
Electrodermal Activity ◽  
Autonomic Response ◽  
Stress Profile ◽  
Autonomic Reactivity ◽  
Stress Tests ◽  
Baseline Values ◽  
Laboratory Stress ◽  
Mental Stressors

Abstract The response of autonomic nervous system to mental stress is currently studied as a key role factor in the pathophysiology of stress related diseases. Altered autonomic regulation can result in increased morbidity, potentially affecting (directly or indirectly) any of the organs. Cardiovascular system (CVS) is one of the most sensitive systems to the effect of autonomic outputs. The predictive value of the laboratory stress tests was proved in several studies with CVS pathology. In this study we aimed to assess the autonomic reactivity to different mental stressors (cognitive and emotional) in healthy subjects using electrodermal activity (EDA) as a sensitive psychophysiological marker of sympathetic activity. We found significantly increased EDA in response to all the mental tasks with decrease of the values during recovery periods. However, EDA did not return to the baseline values during recovery periods, potentially indicating the sympathetic arousal during complete stress profile protocol. We suggest EDA presents a well applicable marker of the sympathetic activation, offering a different information about central regulation processes regarding the sympathetic activity compared to cardiac autonomic indices.

scholarly journals Autonomic Arousal And Experimentally Induced Pain: A Critical Review of the Literature

2014 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 159-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brandon N Kyle ◽  
Daniel W McNeil
Keyword(s):  
Critical Review ◽  
Electrodermal Activity ◽  
Muscle Tension ◽  
Autonomic Response ◽  
Experimental Investigations ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Autonomic Arousal ◽  
Pain Response ◽  
Autonomic Reactivity ◽  
Laboratory Findings

BACKGROUND: Autonomic arousal frequently is assumed to be a component of the pain response, perhaps because physiological mechanisms connecting pain and autonomic reactivity can be easily conceptualized. The evidence clarifying autonomic responses specific to painful stimulation, however, has been rather sporadic and lacks coherence; thus, a summary and critical review is needed in this area.OBJECTIVES: To summarize and integrate findings from 39 experimental investigations from 1970 to 2012 of pain-induced autonomic arousal in humans.METHODS: Medline and PsycINFO databases were searched for relevant articles. References from these articles were also considered for review.RESULTS: Painful stimuli increase respiration rate, induce muscle tension, intensify electrodermal activity and dilate the pupils. Cardiovascular activity also increases, but the pattern displayed in response to pain is complex; peripheral vasoconstriction and sympathetically mediated cardiac responses are most typical. Additionally, autonomic expression of pain shows inconsistent relations with verbal and overt motor responses.CONCLUSIONS: Autonomic arousal can be legitimately measured and modified as one facet of the pain response. Future research should particularly focus on increasing sample size and broadening the diversity of participants. To improve the ability to compare and contrast findings across studies, as well as to increase the applicability of laboratory findings to naturalistic pain, investigators also must enhance experimental design by increasing uniformity or accounting for differences in methodology. Finally, further work remains to utilize more specific assessments of autonomic response and to assess relationships of autonomic reactivity with other cognitive (eg, attention) and affective (eg, anxiety) variables.

Effect of physical activity on cardiac autonomic function of dairy cows on commercial dairy farms

2017 ◽  
Vol 84 (4) ◽  
pp. 395-400
Author(s):  
Fruzsina Luca Kézér ◽  
János Tőzsér ◽  
Mikolt Bakony ◽  
Ottó Szenci ◽  
Viktor Jurkovich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Social Stress ◽  
Sympathetic Activity ◽  
Interval Data ◽  
Herd Size ◽  
Vagal Activity ◽  
Lactating Dairy Cows ◽  
Baseline Values

Interbeat interval data were collected from 219 Holstein cows in 2 smaller-scale farms and 3 larger-scale farms to investigate the effects of posture (standing vs. lying), rumination (rumination vs. no rumination) and feeding on baseline values of heart rate (HR) and heart rate variability (HRV) parameters reflecting vagal and sympathetic activity. A General Linear Model was used for detecting factors (parity, milking technology, herd size) having possible effects on HRV calculated for undisturbed lying posture. Basal values of cardiac parameters were also compared between larger and smaller-scale farms. Neither parity nor milking technology affected HRV parameters. Sympathetic activity increased in the order of lying, ruminating when lying, standing, ruminating when standing and feeding on both sizes of farms. Vagal activity decreased in that order in both lower- and larger-scale farms. Rumination caused an increase in HR and a decrease in vagal tone in both lower- and larger-scale farms and an increase in sympathetic activity during lying in both farm sizes. Basal vagal activity was lower in larger-scale farms compared to smaller-scale farms, while greater sympathetic activity was found in cows housed on larger-scale farms. Our findings demonstrate that reference values of HRV parameters in lactating dairy cows cannot be generally defined for Holstein cattle as they are affected by physical activity and herd size. Higher HR and sympathetic activity at rest in larger-scale farms compared to farms with lower cow population might be associated with higher levels of social stress and therefore should be considered as a potential welfare concern.

Event-Related Electrodermal Response to Stress: Results From a Realistic Driving Simulator Scenario

2019 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 138-151
Author(s):  
Yannick Daviaux ◽  
Emilien Bonhomme ◽  
Hans Ivers ◽  
Étienne de Sevin ◽  
Jean-Arthur Micoulaud-Franchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Substance Abuse ◽  
Driving Simulator ◽  
Acute Stress ◽  
Electrodermal Activity ◽  
Stressful Events ◽  
Situational Factors ◽  
Electrodermal Response ◽  
Stress Reactions ◽  
Stress Experience ◽  
Response To Stress

Objective: The study goal was to test whether induced stress during driving could be measured at the event level through electrodermal activity responses. Background: Stress measured in simulation scenarios could thus far show an overall change in the stress state, but not be well attributed to acute stressful events. Driving simulator scenarios that induce stress measurable at the event level in realistic situations are thus warranted. As such, acute stress reactions can be measured in the context of changing situational factors such as fatigue, substance abuse, or medical conditions. Method: Twelve healthy female participants drove the same route numerous times in a driving simulator, each time with different random traffic events occurring throughout. During one of the scenarios, unknown to the participants, 10 programmed neutral traffic events occurred, whereas in another scenario, at the same location, 10 stressful events occurred. Results: Electrodermal response results showed both effects of scenario type and of events. The amplitude of the electrodermal response was significantly correlated with subjective stress experience. Conclusion: We conclude that our developed ecological driving simulation scenarios can be used to induce and measure stress at the event level. Application: The developed simulator scenarios enable us to measure stress reactions in driving situations at the time when the event actually happens. With these scenarios, we can measure how situational factors, such as fatigue or substance abuse, can change immediate stress reactions when driving. We can further measure more specifically how induced driving stress can affect physical and mental functioning afterward.

scholarly journals A MEDITERRANEAN DIET INTERVENTION ALTERS AGE-ASSOCIATED PHYSIOLOGY IN A NOVEL NON-HUMAN PRIMATE MODEL

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S68-S68
Author(s):  
Noah Snyder-Mackler ◽  
Carol Shively ◽  
Corbin Johnson ◽  
Kristopfer Michalson ◽  
Susan Appt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mediterranean Diet ◽  
Acute Stress ◽  
Western Diet ◽  
Autonomic Response ◽  
Biological Aging ◽  
Physiological Measures ◽  
Primate Model ◽  
Biological Similarity ◽  
Associated Function

Abstract Diet modifications are some of the most well-established aging interventions. For decades we have known that caloric restriction can dramatically increase lifespan and healthspan in organisms ranging from yeast to primates. More recently, other dietary modifications, including varying nutrient composition, have been experimentally shown to alter healthspan and lifespan. However, limitations inherent in human trials, such as diet adherence and heterogeneity of other lifestyle factors, mitigate our ability to identify the mechanisms through which diet alters healthspan and lifespan. Here, we conducted a randomized, long-term, whole-diet manipulation in a nonhuman primate, where cynomolgus macaques consumed either a Mediterranean or Western diet for 15 months. We hypothesized that individuals fed a Western diet would exhibit accelerated rates of cellular and physiological aging relative to their Mediterranean-fed counterparts. Indeed, we found that Western diet-fed animals exhibited increases in physiological measures that also increase with age, including body weight, fasting insulin, and triglycerides. Animals eating a Mediterranean diet, on the other hand, had a more sensitive and tuned autonomic response, and reduced HPA responses to an acute stress challenge. Probing further, we found that diet strongly affected monocyte function, altering the expression of 40% of expressed genes, leading to a more proinflammatory monocyte phenotype in Western diet fed animals. Experiments are underway to explore effects of diet on other markers of biological aging. Together, these data provide the first controlled evidence that Western and Mediterranean diets can alter aging-associated function in a species with clear biological similarity and relevance to humans.

Physical Characterization of Fibre Optic Cable using Simple Laboratory Stress Tests

2018 ◽  
Vol 07 (04) ◽  
Author(s):  
Farai Malvern Simba ◽  
Hambayi Hlahla ◽  
Nyashadzashe Ngaza
Keyword(s):  
Physical Characterization ◽  
Fibre Optic ◽  
Stress Tests ◽  
Fibre Optic Cable ◽  
Laboratory Stress

Temperature profiles obtained in thermoelastic stress test for different frequencies

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-62
Author(s):  
António José Ramos Silva ◽  
P.M.G. Moreira ◽  
Mario A.P. Vaz ◽  
Joaquim Gabriel
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stress ◽  
Temperature Variation ◽  
Cyclic Load ◽  
Mechanical Load ◽  
Fatigue Cracks ◽  
Stress Test ◽  
Stress Profile ◽  
Stress Tests ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Load Frequency

Purpose Maintenance is one of the most critical and expensive operations during the life cycle of metallic structures, in particular in the aeronautic industry. However, early detection of fatigue cracks is one of the most demanding operations in global maintenance procedures. In this context, non-destructive testing using image techniques may represent one of the best solutions in such situations, especially thermal stress analyses (TSA) using infrared thermography. The purpose of this paper is to access and characterize the main stress profile calculated through temperature variation, for different load frequencies. Design/methodology/approach In this paper, a cyclic load is applied to an aluminum sample component while infrared thermal image is being acquired. According to the literature and experiments, a cyclic load applied to a material results in cyclic temperature variation. Findings Frequency has been shown to be an important parameter in TSA evaluations, increasing the measured stress profile amplitude. The loading stimulation frequency and the maximum stress recorded show a good correlation (R2 higher than 0.995). It was verified that further tests and modeling should be performed to fully comprehend the influence of load frequency and to create a standard to conduct thermal stress tests. Originality/value This work revealed that the current infrared technology is capable of reaching far more detailed thermal and spatial resolution than the one used in the development of TSA models. Thus, for the first time the influence of mechanical load frequency in the thermal profiles of TSA is visible and consequentially the measured mechanical stress.

scholarly journals Type-D Personality in Unemployed Subjects: Prevalence, Self-Efficacy and Heart Rate Variability/Autonomic Response

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 94-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katja Petrowski ◽  
Katharina Wendt ◽  
Susann Wichmann ◽  
Martin Siepmann
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Health Effects ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Stress Test ◽  
Type D Personality ◽  
Autonomic Response ◽  
Stress Tests ◽  
Public Health Perspective ◽  
Type D

Background:Unemployment may impair mental and physical health. The influencing factors causing such negative effects are relevant from an individual and public health perspective. The personality as one possible influencing factor was discussed. This study investigated the prevalence of the type-D personality in an unemployed population and its connections to socio-demographic, psychological and heart rate variability (HRV) parameters.Methods:A questionnaire set including socio-demographics, type-D scale (DS14), Complaint list (BL), Beck-Depression-Inventory II (BDI-II) and the General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSE) was handed out to 203 unemployed individuals [126 females, mean age ± SD: 42.36 ± 11.08]. For HRV assessment (RMSSD), a subsample of 83 participants [50 females, median age ± IQR: 47.00 ± 17.00] passed the “stress-tests” (timed breathing, d2-attention-stress-test, math test) while heart frequency (HF) was acquiredviathe Stressball software (BioSign GmbH, Ottenhofen, Germany).Results:53% of the unemployed had a type-D personality. Compared to non-type-D individuals, type-D individuals had rarely children and by trend a lower educational level; they showed significantly higher scores in the BDI-II and lower scores in the GSE and BL. No differences were observed in mean HF or RMSSD during all the stress-tests.Conclusion:The HRV of individuals with a type-D personality is no worse than that of individuals without a type-D personality. Type-D personality was significantly associated with negative health effects regarding depressiveness, self-efficacy and physical complaints. Our main findings implicate that the DS14 could serve as a short and reliable screening instrument to select concerned unemployed individuals who might be at risk for negative health effects for adequate intervention.

scholarly journals Together is Better During Acute Threat: Men and Women Desire Affiliation After Laboratory Stress Induction

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brandon Auer ◽  
DeMond Grant ◽  
Jennifer Byrd-Craven ◽  
Christopher N. Sciamanna ◽  
Kristopher Bradley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stressful Life Events ◽  
Acute Stress ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
High Anxiety ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Physical Threat ◽  
Laboratory Stress ◽  
Stressful Environments

<div>Adversity is a pervasive feature of human life, often contributing to poor physical and mental health outcomes. While social support can buffer against the negative consequences associated with stressful life events,</div><div>the conditions under which people seek to establish potentially protective social ties with others in times of distress require greater attention. In a classic study of affiliation, Schachter (1959) provided evidence that women exposed to laboratory stressors had an increased desire for being together. While evolutionary theory broadly predicts that women will seek to form beneficial relationships in stressful environments, when faced with acute threat, men may also benefit from affiliation in the form of coalitions. In the current study, following an adaptation of Schachter’s (1959) experiment, participants (N = 72; 59.7% female; Mage = 19.56 yrs; 74.6% White) were randomized into a</div><div>high-anxiety or low-anxiety group. Logistic regression analyses showed that both men and women in the high-anxiety condition were significantly more likely to desire affiliation than those in the low-stress condition and that participants experiencing anxiety were significantly more likely to desire affiliation than those without anxiety. This study replicates and extends Schachter’s (1959) findings, providing evidence that both men and women prefer to affiliate under conditions of acute stress, specifically within the context of physical threat.</div><div><br></div>

scholarly journals Rats Lacking Dopamine Transporter Display Increased Vulnerability and Aberrant Autonomic Response to Acute Stress

Biomolecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 842
Author(s):  
Placido Illiano ◽  
Gregory E. Bigford ◽  
Raul R. Gainetdinov ◽  
Marta Pardo
Keyword(s):  
Dopamine Transporter ◽  
Hpa Axis ◽  
Acute Stress ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Autonomic Response ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Response To Stress ◽  
Vulnerability To Stress ◽  
Body Temperature Increase ◽  
Reduced Temperature

The activity of the hypothalamus–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis is pivotal in homeostasis and presides the adaptative response to stress. Dopamine Transporter (DAT) plays a key role in the regulation of the HPA axis. We used young adult female DAT Knockout (KO) rats to assess the effects of DAT ablation (partial, heterozygous DAT+/-, or total, homozygous DAT-/-) on vulnerability to stress. DAT-/- rats show profound dysregulation of pituitary homeostasis, in the presence of elevated peripheral corticosterone, before and after acute restraint stress. During stress, DAT-/- rats show abnormal autonomic response at either respiratory and cardiovascular level, and delayed body temperature increase. DAT+/- rats display minor changes of hypophyseal homeostatic mechanisms. These rats display a similar pituitary activation to that of the control animals, albeit in the presence of higher release of peripheral corticosterone than DAT-/- after stress, and reduced temperature during stress. Our data indicate that DAT regulates the HPA axis at both the central and peripheral level, including autonomic function during stress. In particular, the partial deletion of DAT results in increased vulnerability to stress in female rats, which display central and peripheral alterations that are reminiscent of PTSD, and they might provide new insights in the pathophysiology of this disorder.

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