scholarly journals Responses of Two Barley Subspecies to In vitro-Induced Heavy Metal Stress: Seeds Germination, Seedlings Growth and Cytotoxicity Assay

2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 107-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Nouri ◽  
Taoufik El Rasafi ◽  
Abdelmajid Haddioui
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Heavy Metal Stress ◽  
Metal Salts ◽  
Metal Concentrations ◽  
Heavy Metal Salts ◽  
Seeds Germination

Abstract In this work three heavy metals: cadmium (as CdSO4), cobalt (as CoCl2) and zinc (as ZnSO4), were used to determine and compare their toxicity towards two subspecies of barley (Hordeum vulgare subsp. vulgare L. and Hordeum vulgare subsp. distichum L.), focusing on seeds germination, seedlings growth, and cytological parameters. The results indicate that the effect of these heavy metals depends on the metal kind, the metal concentrations and the plant subspecies. Generally, in the case of H. vulgare, the heavy metal salts understudy did not influence significantly seed germination and seedling growth parameters. However, these metal salts influence significantly these parameters for H. distichum. The cytological test showed significant decrease (p < 0.05) in the mitotic index among the increase of the heavy metal concentrations when evaluated with the control for H. vulgare and H. distichum. Consequently, H. vulgare seemed to be more tolerant of the increase of the three heavy metals concentrations than H. distichum.

scholarly journals In vitro susceptibility of spiroplasmas to heavy-metal salts.

1983 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
S C Whitmore ◽  
J F Rissler ◽  
R E Davis
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Metal Salts ◽  
In Vitro Susceptibility ◽  
Heavy Metal Salts

Heavy Metals and the Mammalian Thymus: In Vivo and In Vitro Investigations

1994 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 191-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wanda Ficek
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Dna Content ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Metal Salts ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Lead Chloride ◽  
In Vitro Investigation ◽  
Heavy Metal Salts

This experiment was performed to investigate changes in the thymus of Wistar-strain male rats administered cadmium chloride (CdCl2), mercuric chloride (HgCl2), and lead chloride (PbCl2) salts. The study involved measurement of: 1) deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) content; 2) ascorbic acid (vitamin C) content; 3) incorporation of 3h-thymidine during in-vitro investigation; and 4) histological and morphological changes. It was shown in investigations on DNA content that administration of heavy metal salts caused an average 76% decrease in DNA content compared to the control. Moreover, in the thymus of experimental animals, an average 69% decrease in vitamin C content was recorded. In in vitro cultures, heavy metal salts decreased the incorporation of 3H-thymidine in thymic cells.

scholarly journals VARIABILITY OF T-LYMPHOCYTES AND MACROFAGS COMPOSITION IN THE URINARY BLADDER UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF HEAVY METALS SALTS, CORRECTION OF THEIR EFFECT WITH VITAMIN E AND IN THE READAPTATION PERIOD

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-15
Author(s):  
V.V. Sikora
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
T Cells ◽  
Vitamin E ◽  
Urinary Bladder ◽  
Metal Salts ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Quantitative Composition ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Heavy Metal Salts

In modern urology, it is important to study and understand the features of the development of various pathologies in the organs of the urinary system since the disturbances of the urodynamics is a widespread problem all over the world. Thus, the environment pollution caused by heavy metal salts has unpredictable consequences for the functioning of the urinary bladder. That is why the object of this study is to determine the features of the expression and the quantitative composition of T-cells and macrophages in the UB wall under the intake of the HMS and correction of their effect with vitamin E, as well as during the readaptation period. According to the experimental scenario, the experiment model was implemented by using male rats that were divided into six groups. The heavy metal salts mixture consisted of the most common potentially dangerous metals-microelements (zinc, cooper, iron, manganese, lead and chrome). Vitamin E was chosen as a corrector. To determine the quantitative composition of T-cells and macrophages the immunohistochemical identification by CD3 and CD68 antibodies was used. The main results are presented as M±SD, with the assessment of the differences and dependencies between the groups by using nonparametric Mann-Whitney U test and Spearman’s Rank Correlation Coefficient. We found that the number of CD3+ lymphocytes and CD68+ macrophages differed between the groups and depended on the experimental conditions. Thus, the results of our study demonstrate that the number of T-cells and macrophages in the bladder increases under the influence of heavy metals salts. The simultaneous intake of the pollutants and vitamin E is accompanied by the decrease of expression intensity of the corresponding cells. When the intake of the heavy metals is canceled, the qualitative composition of the identified CD3 and CD68 cells gradually comes to the norm, but the speed of its reduction differs depending on the group of the readaptation. Discovered that the decrease of T-cells and macrophages in the groups with the use of vitamin E was more approached to the control. Based on the results of the immunohistochemical study, a strong correlation between an increased number of the expressed T-cells and macrophages was revealed in the urinary bladder during the whole period of the study that demonstrates the dependence of their activity.

scholarly journals Response of the callus cells of fir (Abies nordmanniana) to in vitro heavy metal stress

2017 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Nawrot-Chorabik
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Heavy Metal Stress ◽  
Heavy Metal Resistance ◽  
Metal Resistance ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Abies Nordmanniana ◽  
Long Time

Abstract The aim of the presented research was to investigate the effect of three heavy metals - lead, cadmium and copper - on the callus cells of Abies nordmanniana. The toxicity degree and toxicity effect of the selected heavy metals was determined on the embryonic level. On the basis of the spectrometric analyses as well as macroscopic and microscopic observations, this research referred to the accumulation of heavy metals in tissues, assuming that this mechanism is related to the acquisition of tolerance by cells exposed to this type of abiotic stress. Moreover, the effect of the genotype of fir on the cell defence, that is, the induction of tolerance, was analysed. Understanding of the issues related to the heavy metal resistance of plant genotypes in future may contribute to the selection of genotypes of individuals that are more resistant to stress factors, particularly in the multi-directional and rational forest management. The results showed that lead (20 mg l-1), which proved to be the most toxic amongst the three examined heavy metals, has the most severe negative effects on the tissue of fir trees. Copper (20 mg l-1) was accumulated for a long time in the cells of fir trees, and it was not degraded or excreted outside the tissues even after three weeks of in vitro culture. Of the three tested genotypes, G14 had the greatest tendency to accumulate each of the examined metals, that is, it appeared to be the least tolerant genotype.

scholarly journals The Toxic Action of Heavy Metal Salts on the Three-spined Stickleback (Gastrosteus aculeatus)

1935 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-173
Author(s):  
J. R. ERICHSEN JONES
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Toxic Effect ◽  
Chemical Activity ◽  
Metal Salts ◽  
Metallic Cation ◽  
Heavy Metal Salts ◽  
Conductance Ratio ◽  
Relative Electrical Conductivity

1. The observations and conclusions of Carpenter (1927, 1930) regarding the toxic effect of heavy metal salts on the minnow (Leuciscus phoxinus) are shown to apply equally well to the three-spined stickleback (Gastrosteus aculeatus). 2. It is shown that in the case of heavy metal salts the toxic effect of hypertonic solutions is due chiefly to the metallic cation, the toxicity of the anion being relatively small, while in the case of hypotonic solutions the toxicity is due entirely or almost entirely to the cation. 3. Nevertheless, in equimolar concentrations, different salts of the same metal do not have equal or approximately equal toxicity. At the same molar concentration the sulphates of heavy metals are much less toxic than the nitrates or chlorides. This is not due to difference of pH. 4. This difference in toxicity is shown to be closely related to difference in relative electrical conductivity; the toxicity of nitrate, chloride and sulphate is determined, not by the normality alone, but by the product of the normality and conductance ratio. 5. It is concluded that the factors responsible for the lower electrical conductivity of the sulphate also lower the chemical activity of the sulphate so that the toxicity falls in proportion to the conductivity.

scholarly journals The morphological changes in parathyroid glands, caused simulated prolonged influence of heavy metal salts

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 80-83
Author(s):  
A. Romaniuk ◽  
O. Tymakova ◽  
J. Lyndina ◽  
N. Gryntsova ◽  
I. Kravtsova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Statistical Treatment ◽  
The Body ◽  
Parathyroid Glands ◽  
Metal Salts ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Heavy Metal Salts ◽  
Calcium And Magnesium

The main problem today is environmental pollution with heavy metal salts. Biological activity and their ability to accumulate in the environment and the body leads to the disruption of many systems and organs. Parathyroid glands are important regulators of calcium homeostasis, which affects a lot of physiological processes in the body. Therefore, the work is devoted to the study of the morphological and functional characteristics of the parathyroid glands of laboratory rats under conditions of prolonged use of a combination of heavy metal salts. Study of the peculiarities of the structure and functional activity of the glands was carried out on adult male rats (n = 12). The animals were divided into groups: the first — its control, the second — rats, which received a water solution of a mixture of salts of heavy metals. The material was taken on the 90th day of the experiment. Histological preparations were made 5–7 microns thick, stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Study of the linear parameters of the parathyroid glands was carried out on the largest longitudinal section. The area of the glands and cells, the thickness of the capsule and the layer of connective tissue in the parenchyma of the organ were measured. During the laboratory study of the blood of rats, the content of calcium and magnesium was determined, as well as the activity of parathyroid hormone. Conducted statistical treatment of the data. It has been established that with long-term admission of a combination of salts of heavy metals into the organism of rats leads to morphological changes in the parenchyma and stroma of the glands, there are changes in the content of calcium and magnesium in the biochemical parameters of blood, as well as inhibition of parathormone secretion. In the future, it is planned to study the morphofunctional features of the parathyroid glands in the process of readoptation after consuming a combination of heavy metal salts.

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