scholarly journals Effects of COVID-19 Pandemic on Turkish Private Practice Dentists’ Economic Well-Being

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 178-182
Author(s):  
Fatih Karaaslan ◽  
Ahu Dikilitaş ◽  
Umut Yiğit
Keyword(s):  
Private Practice ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Economic Behavior ◽  
Economic Effects ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Emergency Situations ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Economic Well Being

Summary Background/Aim: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a global health concern. The COVID-19 pandemic has not only health implications but also important social, economic, and political consequences. Dental practices have currently cancelled elective procedures and restricted services to the provision of emergency dental care in order to prevent transmission of COVID-19, which has had serious financial implications. Although several reports about the economic consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic have been prepared, no study has analyzed the potential impact of a pandemic on the economy of private-practice dentists. In this context, the purpose of this study is to determine how the COVID-19 has shaped the economic behavior of Turkish private-practice dentists and study the underlying mechanisms. Material and Method: A total of 312 private practice dentists were included in the study. The researchers developed a closed-ended questionnaire that contained 10 questions and was divided into three parts. The first part captured demographic information (age, gender, and professional experience of dentists). The second part measured the economic effects of the pandemic. The third part explored the dentists’ economic behavior in the post-pandemic period. Results: Over half (52.6%) of the dentists stated that during the pandemic, they only cared for patients in emergency situations. Most (97.4%) of the dentists stated that the pandemic affected their economic situation negatively, and 66.7% of dentists stated that they could not meet their routine clinical expenses during the pandemic. In the post-pandemic period, 52.6% of dentists are considering increasing their treatment fees, and 19.2% of dentists are considering dismissing some of their employees for economic reasons. Conclusions: The significant limitation of clinical and surgical activities in private dental practice caused by the COVID-19 pandemic has had a very significant negative effect on private-practice dentists’ economic well-being.

scholarly journals Does Religion Affect Economic Growth and Happiness? Evidence from Ramadan *

2015 ◽  
Vol 130 (2) ◽  
pp. 615-658 ◽  
Author(s):  
Filipe Campante ◽  
David Yanagizawa-Drott
Keyword(s):  
Well Being ◽  
Output Growth ◽  
Good Explanation ◽  
Economic Effects ◽  
Religious Practices ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Ramadan Fasting ◽  
Muslim Countries ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Club Good

Abstract We study the economic effects of religious practices in the context of the observance of Ramadan fasting, one of the central tenets of Islam. To establish causality, we exploit variation in the length of daily fasting due to the interaction between the rotating Islamic calendar and a country’s latitude. We report two key, quantitatively meaningful results: (i) longer Ramadan fasting has a negative effect on output growth in Muslim countries, and (ii) it increases subjective well-being among Muslims. We find evidence that these patterns are consistent with a standard club good explanation for the emergence of costly religious practices: increased strictness of fasting screens out the less committed members, while the more committed respond with an increase in their relative levels of participation. Together, our results underscore that religious practices can affect individual behavior and beliefs in ways that have negative implications for economic performance, but that nevertheless increase subjective well-being among followers.

scholarly journals The Economic Consequences of Gray Divorce for Women and Men

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
I-Fen Lin ◽  
Susan L Brown
Keyword(s):  
Gender Gap ◽  
Divorce Rate ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
Standard Of Living ◽  
Economic Disadvantage ◽  
Economic Costs ◽  
Random Effects Models ◽  
Retirement Study ◽  
Economic Well Being

Abstract Objectives Gray divorce, which describes divorce among persons aged 50 and older, is increasingly common reflecting the doubling of the gray divorce rate since 1990. Yet, surprisingly little is known about the consequences of gray divorce and in particular how women and men fare economically during the aftermath. Method Using longitudinal data from the 2004–2014 Health and Retirement Study, we estimated hybrid fixed/random-effects models comparing women’s and men’s economic well-being prior to, during, and following gray divorce and subsequent repartnering. Results Women experienced a 45% decline in their standard of living (measured by an income-to-needs ratio), whereas men’s dropped by just 21%. These declines persisted over time for men, and only reversed for women following repartnering, which essentially offset women’s losses associated with gray divorce. No gender gap emerged for changes in wealth following divorce with both women and men experiencing roughly a 50% drop. Similarly, repartnering was ameliorative only for women’s wealth. Discussion Gray divorce is often financially devastating, especially for women. Although repartnering seems to reverse most of the economic costs of gray divorce for women, few form new co-residential unions after divorce. This study offers a cautionary tale about the financial aftermath of gray divorce, which is likely to contribute to growing economic disadvantage among older adults.

scholarly journals The economic effects of the territoriality principle

2021 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 164-186
Author(s):  
Zsombor Csata ◽  
Roman Hlatky ◽  
Amy H. Liu ◽  
Ariel Pitre Young
Keyword(s):  
Minority Group ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Economic Effects ◽  
Minority Languages ◽  
Minority Communities ◽  
Being There ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Multiple Languages ◽  
Municipal Level ◽  
Economic Well Being

Abstract The territoriality principle stipulates that minority communities in a given territory should be linguistically accommodated. What are the economic effects of this principle? In this paper, we argue that the recognition of multiple languages confers respect on the minority group; it allows people to engage and participate meaningfully in society – thereby facilitating economic well-being. There is, however, a caveat: when recognition happens in areas where the minority is the overwhelming majority, there is a risk that the near-exclusive use of the minority language cuts the community off from the larger national state, which in turn stunts development. To test this, we focus on Transylvania, Romania. We leverage a legal stipulation that recognizes minority languages in areas where the minority constitutes more than 20% of the population. Using data at the municipal level, we find that recognition increases economic well-being in general – but not in areas where the minority are numerically dominant. Our results are normatively welcoming, but they also caution governments not simply to recognize minority languages but also to protect them adequately.

scholarly journals Dog and Cat Ownership Predicts Adolescents’ Mental Well-Being: A Population-Based Longitudinal Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 884 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaori Endo ◽  
Syudo Yamasaki ◽  
Shuntaro Ando ◽  
Takefumi Kikusui ◽  
Kazutaka Mogi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Birth Cohort Study ◽  
Pet Ownership ◽  
Dog Ownership ◽  
Potential Association ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Mental Well Being

A potential association between pet ownership and mental well-being is suggested, but there is a shortage of high-quality longitudinal studies that consider probable differences among different species. We aimed to examine whether ownership of the most popular pets (dogs and cats) would predict mental well-being. The Tokyo Teen Cohort (TTC), a prospective population-based birth cohort study, had dog and cat ownership data at age 10 and mental well-being score at ages 10 and 12 from 2584 adolescents. Linear regression analysis with adjusting for covariates showed that dog ownership had a positive effect on mental well-being compared to no dog ownership, however, cat ownership had a negative effect compared to no cat ownership. Two-factor mixed-design analysis of variance showed that dog ownership predicted maintained mental well-being, while cat ownership predicted progressing decline of mental well-being. Thus, dog and cat ownership may have different effects on adolescents’ mental well-being, implying that the underlying mechanisms that are activated by these types of ownership may differ.

scholarly journals The economic consequences of a fuel levy reform in South Africa

2011 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 280-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramos Mabugu ◽  
Margaret Chitiga ◽  
Hammed Amusa
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Economic Effects ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
Government Revenue ◽  
Lower Income ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Potential Source ◽  
Fiscal System ◽  
Negative Effect

This paper assesses the economic effects of a hypothetical fuel levy imposed by South African provinces. The welfare effects of increasing the fuel levy by 10 per cent are negative but very small. Similarly, the marginal excess burdens for efficiency and equity (poverty) are quite low, suggesting much smaller impacts of the intervention on both economic activity and equity.  Furthermore, a fiscal policy reform that raises fuel levy by 10 per cent is progressive as it has stronger negative effects on higher income households than the lower income households. A potential source of instability for the macroeconomy and total government revenue is the negative effect on economic activity induced by the fuel levy increase. The remedies suggested are that policymakers should make tax room elsewhere in the intergovernmental fiscal system to accommodate the fuel levy increase.

scholarly journals COVID-19 and the 24/7 News Cycle: Does COVID-19 News Exposure Affect Mental Health?

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 237802312096933
Author(s):  
Kevin Stainback ◽  
Brittany N. Hearne ◽  
Monica M. Trieu
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The United States ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Unique Data ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Health And Well Being ◽  
Economic Well Being

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has upended nearly every aspect of social life in the United States and abroad. People turn to news to provide public health updates about the virus, such as reports of new cases and deaths, but also to understand how COVID-19 is affecting jobs and the economy. The news, irrespective of its format, serves as a central conduit of information during the pandemic. Prior research examining public traumas, such as terrorist attacks, suggests that greater media intake may also amplify perceived threats about the virus and therefore have a negative effect on mental health. We argue that in the absence of a solution to the virus, such as a vaccine, greater COVID-19 media viewing is likely to heighten uncertainty and anxiousness about the future threat the virus poses to health and well-being, which should in turn increase psychological distress. Drawing on a unique data set of U.S. residents in mid- to late March 2020, the authors examine the relationships among COVID-19 news consumption, perceptions of COVID-19 threats to health and economic well-being, and psychological distress. The findings suggest that greater COVID-19 media consumption is associated with greater psychological distress and that approximately two thirds of this effect operates indirectly through increased perceptions of COVID-19 threats.

scholarly journals The consequences of ageing for the Polish economy

VUZF Review ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 157-163
Author(s):  
Irena Brukwicka ◽  
Iwona Dudzik
Keyword(s):  
The Elderly ◽  
Economic Effects ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
Ageing Population ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Ageing Society ◽  
Care For The Elderly ◽  
Central Statistical ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Polish Economy

The ageing of population, as well as the expected decline resulting from the demographic changes, may have a negative effect on the economy, burdening national budgets. Poland has been among 30 demographically old countries in the world for years, and the ageing of the population has already begun in the early 1970s (Majdzińska A., 2015). The subject of the study is the economic effects of ageing society in Poland. The aim of the article is to present the economic consequences of ageing in Poland. The data from the Central Statistical Office on the demographic situation in Poland are used in the article. The ageing of the population is perceived as the dominant demographic process reflecting changes in the age structure of the population and the growth in the general elderly population. Therefore, the task of the state policy is to ensure the most optimal development for ageing population. The ageing of society imposes many tasks for social policy, including pension deficits, increase in healthcare service costs and care for the elderly, as well as slowing down in economic growth in the context of increasing social costs (P. Błędowski, 2012). Human ageing is a natural process, and at the same time, it has become a subject of interest among researchers working in various scientific environments. Therefore, it is necessary to regularly observe changes and undertake extensive discussions in this regard. It goes without saying that the course of aging process and its consequences require increased attention from experts and politicians. It is necessary to take up-to-date actions that will mitigate the negative effects in the future.

Social Motives Predict Loneliness During a Developmental Transition

2017 ◽  
Vol 76 (4) ◽  
pp. 145-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jana Nikitin ◽  
Alexandra M. Freund
Keyword(s):  
Social Relationships ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Social Avoidance ◽  
Social Approach ◽  
Social Motives ◽  
Developmental Transitions ◽  
Avoidance Motivation ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Low Levels

Abstract. Establishing new social relationships is important for mastering developmental transitions in young adulthood. In a 2-year longitudinal study with four measurement occasions (T1: n = 245, T2: n = 96, T3: n = 103, T4: n = 85), we investigated the role of social motives in college students’ mastery of the transition of moving out of the parental home, using loneliness as an indicator of poor adjustment to the transition. Students with strong social approach motivation reported stable and low levels of loneliness. In contrast, students with strong social avoidance motivation reported high levels of loneliness. However, this effect dissipated relatively quickly as most of the young adults adapted to the transition over a period of several weeks. The present study also provides evidence for an interaction between social approach and social avoidance motives: Social approach motives buffered the negative effect on social well-being of social avoidance motives. These results illustrate the importance of social approach and social avoidance motives and their interplay during developmental transitions.

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