scholarly journals The Economic Consequences of Gray Divorce for Women and Men

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
I-Fen Lin ◽  
Susan L Brown
Keyword(s):  
Gender Gap ◽  
Divorce Rate ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
Standard Of Living ◽  
Economic Disadvantage ◽  
Economic Costs ◽  
Random Effects Models ◽  
Retirement Study ◽  
Economic Well Being

Abstract Objectives Gray divorce, which describes divorce among persons aged 50 and older, is increasingly common reflecting the doubling of the gray divorce rate since 1990. Yet, surprisingly little is known about the consequences of gray divorce and in particular how women and men fare economically during the aftermath. Method Using longitudinal data from the 2004–2014 Health and Retirement Study, we estimated hybrid fixed/random-effects models comparing women’s and men’s economic well-being prior to, during, and following gray divorce and subsequent repartnering. Results Women experienced a 45% decline in their standard of living (measured by an income-to-needs ratio), whereas men’s dropped by just 21%. These declines persisted over time for men, and only reversed for women following repartnering, which essentially offset women’s losses associated with gray divorce. No gender gap emerged for changes in wealth following divorce with both women and men experiencing roughly a 50% drop. Similarly, repartnering was ameliorative only for women’s wealth. Discussion Gray divorce is often financially devastating, especially for women. Although repartnering seems to reverse most of the economic costs of gray divorce for women, few form new co-residential unions after divorce. This study offers a cautionary tale about the financial aftermath of gray divorce, which is likely to contribute to growing economic disadvantage among older adults.

To Provide or Protect? Masculinity, Economic Precarity, and Protective Gun Ownership in the United States

2021 ◽  
pp. 073112142199840
Author(s):  
Tara D. Warner ◽  
Tara Leigh Tober ◽  
Tristan Bridges ◽  
David F. Warner
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Gender Gap ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The United States ◽  
Family Status ◽  
Gun Ownership ◽  
Attitudes And Behaviors ◽  
Masculinity Threat ◽  
Economic Well Being

Protection is now the modal motivation for gun ownership, and men continue to outnumber women among gun owners. While research has linked economic precarity (e.g., insecurity and anxiety) to gun ownership and attitudes, separating economic well-being from constructions of masculinity is challenging. In response to blocked economic opportunities, some gun owners prioritize armed protection, symbolically replacing the masculine role of “provider” with one associated with “protection.” Thus, understanding both persistently high rates of gun ownership in the United States (in spite of generally declining crime) alongside the gender gap in gun ownership requires deeper investigations into the meaning of guns in the United States and the role of guns in conceptualizations of American masculinity. We use recently collected crowdsourced survey data to test this provider-to-protector shift, exploring how economic precarity may operate as a cultural-level masculinity threat for some, and may intersect with marital/family status to shape gun attitudes and behaviors for both gun owners and nonowners. Results show that investments in stereotypical masculine ideals, rather than economic precarity, are linked to support for discourses associated with protective gun ownership and empowerment.

scholarly journals Effects of COVID-19 Pandemic on Turkish Private Practice Dentists’ Economic Well-Being

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 178-182
Author(s):  
Fatih Karaaslan ◽  
Ahu Dikilitaş ◽  
Umut Yiğit
Keyword(s):  
Private Practice ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Economic Behavior ◽  
Economic Effects ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Emergency Situations ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Economic Well Being

Summary Background/Aim: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a global health concern. The COVID-19 pandemic has not only health implications but also important social, economic, and political consequences. Dental practices have currently cancelled elective procedures and restricted services to the provision of emergency dental care in order to prevent transmission of COVID-19, which has had serious financial implications. Although several reports about the economic consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic have been prepared, no study has analyzed the potential impact of a pandemic on the economy of private-practice dentists. In this context, the purpose of this study is to determine how the COVID-19 has shaped the economic behavior of Turkish private-practice dentists and study the underlying mechanisms. Material and Method: A total of 312 private practice dentists were included in the study. The researchers developed a closed-ended questionnaire that contained 10 questions and was divided into three parts. The first part captured demographic information (age, gender, and professional experience of dentists). The second part measured the economic effects of the pandemic. The third part explored the dentists’ economic behavior in the post-pandemic period. Results: Over half (52.6%) of the dentists stated that during the pandemic, they only cared for patients in emergency situations. Most (97.4%) of the dentists stated that the pandemic affected their economic situation negatively, and 66.7% of dentists stated that they could not meet their routine clinical expenses during the pandemic. In the post-pandemic period, 52.6% of dentists are considering increasing their treatment fees, and 19.2% of dentists are considering dismissing some of their employees for economic reasons. Conclusions: The significant limitation of clinical and surgical activities in private dental practice caused by the COVID-19 pandemic has had a very significant negative effect on private-practice dentists’ economic well-being.

scholarly journals Strict Physical Distancing May Be More Efficient: A Mathematical Argument for Making Lockdowns Count

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott R Sheffield ◽  
Anna York ◽  
Nicole A Swartwood ◽  
Alyssa Bilinski ◽  
Anne Williamson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Simple Mathematical Model ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Economic Costs ◽  
Health Measures ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Model Structures ◽  
Economic Well Being

COVID-19 created a global public health and economic emergency. Policymakers acted quickly and decisively to contain the spread of disease through physical distancing measures. However, these measures also impact physical, mental and economic well-being, creating difficult trade-offs. Here we use a simple mathematical model to explore the balance between public health measures and their associated social and economic costs. Across a range of cost-functions and model structures, commitment to intermittent and strict social distancing measures leads to better overall outcomes than temporally consistent implementation of moderate physical distancing measures. With regard to the trade-offs that policymakers may soon face, our results emphasize that economic and health outcomes do not exist in full competition. Compared to consistent moderation, intermittently strict policies can better mitigate the impact of the pandemic on both of these priorities for a range of plausible utility functions.

scholarly journals The income structure of smallholder forest farmers in rural Sumbawa, Indonesia

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 936-946 ◽  
Author(s):  
BUDIMAN ACHMAD ◽  
DIAN DINIYATI
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The State ◽  
Economic Disadvantage ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Survey Sample ◽  
Privately Owned ◽  
Economic Well Being

Achmad B, Diniyati D. 2018. The income structure of smallholder forest farmers in rural Sumbawa, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 19: 936-946. This research investigated the economic well-being of forest farmers in Labuhan Badas Village, Sumbawa regency of Indonesia. It aimed: (i) to describe the daily economic activities of community-based forest (HKm) farmers who reside inside the state forest and of farmers in privately owned forest (POF) who reside outside the state forest areas; and (ii) to analyse their income structure in relation to the corresponding economic activities. The research was conducted from August 2015 to April 2016. The survey sample consisted of 34 HKm and 34 POF farmers who were selected purposively. Data collected through interview and focus group discussion techniques were analyzed descriptively. The research determined that the incomes of HKm farmers were generated from14 sources, mainly from activities in the non-agricultural sector, while those for POF farmers were generated from 12 sources mainly from activities in the agricultural sector. The total income of HKm farmers was significantly lower than the income of POF farmers and indicated a moderate level of economic disadvantage. The economic welfare of farmers in both research locations has been assessed to be below an adequate level. Therefore various economic innovations such as the cultivation of honey bees and the processing of unused potential resources (e.g. making wine from cashew fruit) are needed to accelerate the attainment of a decent level of economic well-being

scholarly journals LENDING RIGHT AND INSOLVENCY ESTATE

2020 ◽  
pp. 121-129
Author(s):  
S. S. Galkin
Keyword(s):  
Well Being ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Theoretical Concept ◽  
Economic Costs ◽  
Flexible System ◽  
Judicial Practice ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Legal Consequences ◽  
Relevant Factors ◽  
Economic Well Being

The article analyzes the practical aspects of inclusion the lending right into the insolvency estate. Based on the analysis of existing legal regulations and judicial practice of their application, there are existing restrictions on the inclusion of lending rights in the insolvency state. These restrictions are analysed from a balance of interests of the owner, the debtor and his creditors, as well as the correct distribution of economic costs while providing priority protection to each of these entities. Based on the concept of flexible legal regulation, the author formulates possible approaches (de lege ferenda and de lege lata) to solving this problem. The article focuses on the definition of the elements of the theoretical concept of a flexible system of protecting rights in insolvency. This concept includes, for example, the following aspects: firstly, the need to relativize those absolute defenses that can directly negatively affect the general economic well-being (In this case, the insolvency estate), secondly, the enforcement search for the scope of the protection provided should be carried out by judicial weighing and procedural assessment of various relevant factors, as well as the corresponding gradation of legal consequences, which should be identified by legislator or superior court.

Soziale Gerechtigkeit und COVID-19 – Eine Betrachtung aus Geschlechterperspektive

2021 ◽  
Vol 70 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 401-417
Author(s):  
Irem Güney-Frahm
Keyword(s):  
Social Justice ◽  
Gender Equality ◽  
Gender Gap ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Amartya Sen ◽  
Life Chances ◽  
Soziale Gerechtigkeit ◽  
Gradual Process ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
Economic Well Being

Die Covid-19 Pandemie hat in Bezug auf Geschlechtergleichheit und soziale Gerechtigkeit nicht nur neue Probleme geschaffen, sondern auch die bestehenden Probleme vertieft. Dieser Beitrag setzt sich mit der Pandemie aus Geschlechterperspektive auseinander und argumentiert mit Hilfe des Capability Ansatzes von Amartya Sen, dass Frauen mehr und anders als Männer von der Pandemie betroffen sind. Sowohl gesundheitlich als auch finanziell und in ihren weiterführenden Lebens- und Verwirklichungschancen (Capabilities) haben Frauen während der Pandemie das Nachsehen, wodurch sich die Schere zwischen den Geschlechtern weiter öffnet, statt sich allmählich zu schließen. Kritisch ist dabei, dass die Mehrzahl der Lösungsansätze zur Bewältigung der Krise die überkommenen neoliberalen Diskurse und somit auch deren inhärente Ungleichheit reproduzieren. Abstract: Social Justice and Covid-19. A Gender-Based Perspective In terms of gender equality and social justice, the Covid-19 pandemic has not only created new problems but has intensified and worsened existing ones. Using the lens of a gender perspective, this contribution employs Amartya Sen’s cap­a­bility approach to show how the pandemic has impacted women differently and more severely than men. Both regarding physical and economic well-being as well as when it comes to their future life chances and opportunities for self-reali­zation, women have gotten the short end of the stick. As a result, the pandemic is set to widen the gender gap and reverse the gradual process of harmonization. Crucially, most remedies to the ongoing crisis continue to rely on neoliberal recipes and discourses and are thus bound to reproduce their inherent inequality.

Is There Still Life in the Pessimist Case? Consumption during the Industrial Revolution, 1790—1850

1988 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joel Mokyr
Keyword(s):  
Marked Improvement ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Living Standards ◽  
Standard Of Living ◽  
Still Life ◽  
Economic Well Being

Recent research on the standard-of-living controversy has argued that a marked improvement in the economic well-being of British workers began shortly after 1815 and continued unabated until 1850. I test that new optimism by generating a synthetic annual “standard-of-living variable” for the period 1790 to 1850. The variable is based on estimating a relation between living standards and the consumption of some key commodities for 1855 to 1900 and then using that relation to “retrocast” living standards for 1790 to 1850. The results strongly suggest that the hypothesis of no or little improvement cannot be rejected.

scholarly journals Depressive Symptoms Following Later-life Marital Dissolution and Subsequent Repartnering

2019 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
I-Fen Lin ◽  
Susan L. Brown ◽  
Matthew R. Wright ◽  
Anna M. Hammersmith
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Marital Dissolution ◽  
Divorce Rate ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Lower Elevation ◽  
Initial Reduction ◽  
Retirement Study

The doubling of the divorce rate among individuals over age 50 during the past 20 years underscores the urgency of studying the consequences of gray divorce and subsequent repartnering for adult well-being. We filled this gap by using the 1998-to-2014 Health and Retirement Study to evaluate how the levels of depressive symptoms changed following gray divorce versus widowhood. Individuals who divorced or became widowed already had experienced higher levels of depressive symptoms before dissolution relative to those who remained married. Compared with those who became widowed, those who transitioned to divorce experienced a lower elevation and a shorter time to recovery in depressive symptoms. When repartnering, both groups experienced similar magnitudes of initial reduction and subsequent rates of increase. Both the negative consequences of marital dissolution and the beneficial effects of repartnership for mental health persisted for several years, although ultimately they reverted to their predissolution levels of depressive symptoms.

scholarly journals THE ROLE OF ENTREPRENEURS AND COOPERATION COMPETITIVE TO ECONOMIC WELL-BEING AND DEVELOPMENT

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maryam . Mangantar
Keyword(s):  
World Economy ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Development Cooperation ◽  
Standard Of Living ◽  
Competitive Advantages ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
The Mind ◽  
World Development ◽  
Economic Well Being

Abstrack :  The role of the entrepreneur is needed because of being similarly define the success of development. Many more role that an entrepreneur where the entrepreneur plays a role in increasing the economic activities, promote the nation's economy, improving the standard of living, reduce unemployment, tackle social tensions, and promote trade in both scale local, national and international. Actually, the role of entrepreneurs in promote world development have been conducted since their business activities. Businesses vying improve competitiveness by leveraging its competitive advantages of each, so that the entrepreneur had a hand in improving the well-being of society and have contributed also in the development of the world economy in general.This paper aims to examine theoretically about the role of entrepreneurship and cooperation- competitive to economic wellbeing and development, beginning with the understanding of entrepreneur, the role of entrepreneur in economic development, cooperation-competitive, entrepreneur and coopetition, entrepreneur and coopetition role in achieving social well-being and development. It is hoped that this paper can open the mind of thinking about coopetition and the role of entrepreneur in achieving the welfare of societyKeywords :  Entrepreneurs, Cooperation, Economics, Development

The Crop Failure of 1891: Soil Exhaustion, Technological Backwardness, and Russia's “Agrarian Crisis”

Slavic Review ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 236-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Y. Simms
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Standard Of Living ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Russian History ◽  
Crop Failure ◽  
Critical Determinant ◽  
Agrarian Crisis ◽  
Economic Well Being

Russian peasant farming techniques in the last decades of the nineteenth century are generally considered to have been technologically backward. What student of Russian history has not read about the dire effects of the three field system of agriculture, the lack of fertilizer, and the inadequate wooden plow used predominantly by Russian peasants? The low productivity of the peasant is traditionally attributed to these backward methods, which in turn are seen as contributors to the exhaustion of the land and consequently the impoverishment of the Russian peasantry. As the land became exhausted, peasants could not maintain their standard of living or meet an increasing tax burden. Technological backwardness and soil exhaustion are thus important indexes for the “crisis hypothesis,” which states that the economic well-being of the Russian peasantry was deteriorating as the nineteenth century came to a close. An investigation into the causes of the crop failure of 1891 and the quality of the Russian harvest after the crop failure and famine of 1891-92, however, clearly suggests that: (1) soil moisture was the critical determinant of harvest quality; (2) peasant methods were riot unambiguously “backward,” given the climate and soil conditions in much of the black earth district and the grainlands in general, and may even have been appropriate; and (3) Russian farmland was not becoming exhausted, particularly in the so-called hunger provinces of the central black earth district. Quite simply, the vicissitudes of weather determined the harvest in tsarist Russia.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document