scholarly journals The consequences of ageing for the Polish economy

VUZF Review ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 157-163
Author(s):  
Irena Brukwicka ◽  
Iwona Dudzik
Keyword(s):  
The Elderly ◽  
Economic Effects ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
Ageing Population ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Ageing Society ◽  
Care For The Elderly ◽  
Central Statistical ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Polish Economy

The ageing of population, as well as the expected decline resulting from the demographic changes, may have a negative effect on the economy, burdening national budgets. Poland has been among 30 demographically old countries in the world for years, and the ageing of the population has already begun in the early 1970s (Majdzińska A., 2015). The subject of the study is the economic effects of ageing society in Poland. The aim of the article is to present the economic consequences of ageing in Poland. The data from the Central Statistical Office on the demographic situation in Poland are used in the article. The ageing of the population is perceived as the dominant demographic process reflecting changes in the age structure of the population and the growth in the general elderly population. Therefore, the task of the state policy is to ensure the most optimal development for ageing population. The ageing of society imposes many tasks for social policy, including pension deficits, increase in healthcare service costs and care for the elderly, as well as slowing down in economic growth in the context of increasing social costs (P. Błędowski, 2012). Human ageing is a natural process, and at the same time, it has become a subject of interest among researchers working in various scientific environments. Therefore, it is necessary to regularly observe changes and undertake extensive discussions in this regard. It goes without saying that the course of aging process and its consequences require increased attention from experts and politicians. It is necessary to take up-to-date actions that will mitigate the negative effects in the future.

scholarly journals The economic consequences of a fuel levy reform in South Africa

2011 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 280-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramos Mabugu ◽  
Margaret Chitiga ◽  
Hammed Amusa
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Economic Effects ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
Government Revenue ◽  
Lower Income ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Potential Source ◽  
Fiscal System ◽  
Negative Effect

This paper assesses the economic effects of a hypothetical fuel levy imposed by South African provinces. The welfare effects of increasing the fuel levy by 10 per cent are negative but very small. Similarly, the marginal excess burdens for efficiency and equity (poverty) are quite low, suggesting much smaller impacts of the intervention on both economic activity and equity.  Furthermore, a fiscal policy reform that raises fuel levy by 10 per cent is progressive as it has stronger negative effects on higher income households than the lower income households. A potential source of instability for the macroeconomy and total government revenue is the negative effect on economic activity induced by the fuel levy increase. The remedies suggested are that policymakers should make tax room elsewhere in the intergovernmental fiscal system to accommodate the fuel levy increase.

scholarly journals The Program of All-Inclusive Care for the Elderly (PACE): The Innovative and Economically Viable Model of American Geriatric Care

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Urszula Polska
Keyword(s):  
Medical Care ◽  
Institutional Care ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Fast Response ◽  
Geriatric Care ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
Loved One ◽  
Care For The Elderly ◽  
The Us ◽  
Healthcare Model

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to present a modern model of non-institutional geriatric care which operates in the US, called the Program of All-Inclusive Care for the Elderly (PACE). The economic consequences of an aging population with multiple chronic diseases are creating new solutions in the delivery of medical care. The author of the following article, based on review of PACE literature and her own experience, will focus on the history of the program, its nature, the social and economic advantages, and its efficacy in practice. In addition, the difficulties and limitations of PACE are analyzed, taking into account solutions for increased availability and popularization of the program on an international scale.Author currently works as an ANP at Mercy LIFE (Living Independently For Elders) of Alabama, a PACE organization, delivering primary care. She has identified a need for a model similar to PACE in the context of her own home country of Poland, where cultural and societal norms value caring for a loved one in his or her own household rather than institutional care.The author concludes that the PACE model would be indispensable as a geriatric healthcare model for countries outside the US experiencing a rapid growth in elderly patients resulting from demographic shifts common in the 21st century. Fast response is needed in creation of a similar program to PACE to prevent future economical consequences affecting medical care for the elderly.

scholarly journals The Phenomenon of Population Aging: Major Economic Effects (Ending)

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 8-53
Keyword(s):  
Capital Accumulation ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Capital Investment ◽  
Population Aging ◽  
Capital Intensity ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Economic Effects ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Pension Age

Today most countries are experiencing fast population aging, which is going to last the entire 21st century. Its economic effects are multifarious and will in large part shape further dynamics of the global economy not only in the short or medium but also in the long run. Unfortunately, Russian economists and politicians are hardly aware of how diverse economic consequences of population aging are since their attention is focused on its narrow, purely pragmatic, dimensions (such as the raising of pension age, the deficit of the Russian Pension Fund etc.). The paper provides a broad overview of major economic effects of population aging from both theoretical and empirical perspectives. It examines the place of aging in the process of demographic transition, and forecasts its expected trends in subsequent decades for a few countries including Russia. Next, it critically reviews different versions of dependency/support ratios: demographic and economic; chronological and prospective; non-adjusted and adjusted for differences by age in labor income and per capita consumption. Special attention is paid to a basic scheme of relationships between key demographic and macroeconomic variables that highlights how population aging might affect employment, labor productivity, capital intensity, wages, returns to capital, investment and savings. Some additional effects are also analyzed, such as prospective changes in labor supply, human capital accumulation, technological change, real interest, and inflation. A general conclusion is that population aging is not per se a fundamental economic challenge that should endanger society’s welfare. Real dangers arise from existing institutions providing support for the elderly, which were established in the early to mid 20th century under completely different demographic and economic conditions.

scholarly journals Nothing but Trouble: Studies on the Effects of Reforms in Elderly Care in Sweden and Poland

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iwona Sobis
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Care Services ◽  
Practical Implication ◽  
Elderly Care ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
The Public ◽  
Care Services ◽  
Care For The Elderly ◽  
The Future

Abstract Reforms of the public sector, conducted in the spirit of NPM since the 1990s, are frequently studied by Western and Eastern scholars. The research shows national variations in how the NPM idea was translated and adapted into a country’s context and regulations. Care for the elderly is an interesting example of reforms conducted in the spirit of NPM, because it relates to welfare and health care and to the competences of provincial and local authorities in most European countries. This paper addresses the following questions: What do we know about the reforms conducted in the spirit of NPM and its practical implication within the field of care for the elderly during 1990 - 2010? What kind of knowledge about care for the elderly is still missing and should be developed in the future ? Th is paper conducts comparative research on what is known about the effects of the Swedish and the Polish reforms regarding care for the elderly. It argues that most literature points to negative effects, but also to the fact that there are still gaps in our knowledge about the effects of reforms concerning elderly care, especially regarding its organization. Hence, despite all the research done, we do not know what kind of social and health-care services for seniors represent the best practices for the future.

scholarly journals Elderly care in the society 5.0 and kaigo rishoku in Japanese hyper-ageing society

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 435
Author(s):  
Putri Elsy
Keyword(s):  
Baby Boomers ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Elderly Care ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Phenomenological Approach ◽  
Critical Question ◽  
Ageing Society ◽  
Elderly Parents ◽  
Care For The Elderly

The Japanese demography is drastically changing. It has seen a rapid increase in the elderly population and a decrease in the birth rate. This caused Japan to be a hyper-ageing society. Japanese’s first Baby-boomers who were born in 1947-1949 are now entering old age. Elderly care is a major problem in Japan. Children and care-workers for elderly parents are scarce. Therefore, the second Baby-boomers (born in 1971-1974) aged 40-50 years old have quit working to care for their elderly parents. This situation is known as ‘kaigo rishoku.’ This study looked into the practice of elderly care in Japanese 5.0 Society. Society 5.0 is a concept developed by Japan. It is human-centred and technology-based. In society 5.0, robots and the internet play an essential role in human life. Therefore, we proposed a critical question: Can robots replace humans to care for the elderly in Society 5.0? This study used the qualitative method with a phenomenological approach and descriptive analysis. The results revealed that although robots can assist elderly care, due to the high cost, only a certain elderly can buy them. Therefore, in order for robots to become caregivers of the future, mass production is needed. Thus, robots can be marketed at relatively lower prices. However, sick elderly who live alone still need human assistance. On the one hand, technology helps human life in Society 5.0. On the other hand, the human touch is still necessary for elderly care.

scholarly journals Ecological and economic effects of the landing obligation evaluated using a quantitative ecosystem approach: a Mediterranean case study

2018 ◽  
Vol 75 (6) ◽  
pp. 1992-2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Igor Celić ◽  
Simone Libralato ◽  
Giuseppe Scarcella ◽  
Saša Raicevich ◽  
Bojan Marčeta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Model ◽  
Ecosystem Approach ◽  
Economic Effects ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
The North ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Fisheries Policy ◽  
Adaptation Scenarios

Abstract The reformed Common Fisheries Policy [Regulation (EU) 1380/2013] introduces the obligation to land unwanted catches gradually from 2015 to 2019 with the aim to reduce discards. The ecological and economic consequences of this controversial regulation are evaluated here using an ecosystem model for the North-Eastern Adriatic Sea to quantify the long-term stocks’ biomass, landings, and fisheries revenues under future scenarios with and without landing obligation. Results indicate that landings will increase by +13%, causing an increase in fishermen workload, reduction of biomasses at sea (∼−0.20%) for species of both commercial and non-commercial interest, thus a small decrease in fisheries revenue (∼−0.50%). Selling landed unwanted catches for fishmeal production will not compensate the economic losses. Additional adaptation scenarios were tested: (i) introduction of quotas for small pelagics, (ii) reduction of effort for bottom trawlers, (iii) improvement of gear selectivity, and (iv) a combination of (i) and (iii). Improving selectivity and introducing quotas resulted the best alternative but none of the adaptation scenarios compensated the adverse effects of the landing obligation, suggesting that this management measure has ecological and economic negative effects in systems where fisheries are not regulated by quota such as the Mediterranean Sea.

scholarly journals Effects of COVID-19 Pandemic on Turkish Private Practice Dentists’ Economic Well-Being

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 178-182
Author(s):  
Fatih Karaaslan ◽  
Ahu Dikilitaş ◽  
Umut Yiğit
Keyword(s):  
Private Practice ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Economic Behavior ◽  
Economic Effects ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Emergency Situations ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Economic Well Being

Summary Background/Aim: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a global health concern. The COVID-19 pandemic has not only health implications but also important social, economic, and political consequences. Dental practices have currently cancelled elective procedures and restricted services to the provision of emergency dental care in order to prevent transmission of COVID-19, which has had serious financial implications. Although several reports about the economic consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic have been prepared, no study has analyzed the potential impact of a pandemic on the economy of private-practice dentists. In this context, the purpose of this study is to determine how the COVID-19 has shaped the economic behavior of Turkish private-practice dentists and study the underlying mechanisms. Material and Method: A total of 312 private practice dentists were included in the study. The researchers developed a closed-ended questionnaire that contained 10 questions and was divided into three parts. The first part captured demographic information (age, gender, and professional experience of dentists). The second part measured the economic effects of the pandemic. The third part explored the dentists’ economic behavior in the post-pandemic period. Results: Over half (52.6%) of the dentists stated that during the pandemic, they only cared for patients in emergency situations. Most (97.4%) of the dentists stated that the pandemic affected their economic situation negatively, and 66.7% of dentists stated that they could not meet their routine clinical expenses during the pandemic. In the post-pandemic period, 52.6% of dentists are considering increasing their treatment fees, and 19.2% of dentists are considering dismissing some of their employees for economic reasons. Conclusions: The significant limitation of clinical and surgical activities in private dental practice caused by the COVID-19 pandemic has had a very significant negative effect on private-practice dentists’ economic well-being.

scholarly journals Labor force shortage analysis in Romania - size, impact and measures

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 285-295
Author(s):  
Valentina Vasile ◽  
Cristina Rodica Boboc ◽  
Simona Ioana Ghiţă ◽  
Irina Băncescu ◽  
Andreea Simona Săseanu
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Labor Force ◽  
Economic Effects ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Main Determinants ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Under the impact of unfavourable demographic developments, some existing imbalances on the Romanian labor market have worsened. Thus, in 2019 the labor force shortage was estimated to 300000 persons, while in the last ten years the number of vacancies has exceeded 60,000 places, more than double the level at the beginning of the period (2010). This phenomenon may have negative social and economic effects. In this context, the present paper aims at analysing the labor shortages in Romania, at identifying its main determinants and the most important social and economic consequences and recommends a series of measures to mitigate the negative effects of this phenomenon.

LINKAGES UNDERLYING THE INFLUENCE OF POPULATION AGEING ON ECONOMIC GROWTH AND POLICY IMPLICATIONS TO VIETNAM

2017 ◽  
Vol 126 (5B) ◽  
pp. 73
Author(s):  
Nguyễn Thị Thu Hà
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Capital Accumulation ◽  
Population Ageing ◽  
Output Growth ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Ageing Population ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Ageing Society ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

This paper is in line with literature reviews of ageing society and economic growth to provide a deeper knowledge of whether ageing population diminishes or enhances economic growth. The first part presents the causes of negative effects of population ageing on economic growth. It reveals that lower fertility, longer life expectancy, low consumption and high public spending on health care lead to aggregate output growth decline in the long-run. The following part attempts to explain the hypotheses of why ageing can contribute to economic growth. The key issue is the human capital accumulation according to the proposition of replicated economy. Furthermore, this part indentifies the elderly factors affecting economic growth, including effective labor, knowledge transfer and change in saving patterns. Accordingly, the conceptual framework is schematically shown with linkages underlying the impact of population ageing on economic growth. This study is expected to be the first research focuses on the schematic diagram of this relationship and will be useful for planning policy reform of the government of Vietnam. Lastly, after reviewing the overview picture of population ageing in Vietnam, some policy implications are suggested to take advantage of population ageing and to diminish negative effects of population ageing on economic growth.

scholarly journals Do long-term care services meet the minimal requirements for the elderly?

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
F A Gomes ◽  
D G Lopes ◽  
I Cunha ◽  
S Duarte ◽  
M B Pereira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Long Term Care ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Ageing Population ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Ageing Society ◽  
Care Services ◽  
Corrective Measures

Abstract Background As the percentage of elderly people (aged over 65) is expected to rise, from 16.0% of the population in 2010 to 29.3% in 2060 in Europe, a quality long-term care system is of increasing priority for governments. The aim of this study is to analyse long-term care services (LTCS) in the geographical area of the group of primary healthcare centres of Loures-Odivelas. Methods A retrospective, observational, descriptive study comprising data from public health inspections to LTCS between 2015 and 2019. Variables included were the number of residents, nurses, orderly, cooks, kitchen helpers and medical doctors; licensing status, public health inspection results and the presence of air conditioning. Descriptive analysis was performed for all variables. Results Between 2015 and 2019, a total of 200 public health inspections were carried out in 106 LTCS. Only 41 (38.7%) LTCS were licensed. The total number of residents was 2,803, 168 (6.0%) of which were bedridden. Concerning the staff ratio, 79 (74.5%) LTCS fulfilled the ratio of nurse to resident of 1:40 and 67 (63.2%) the ratio of orderly to resident of 1:8. On the first inspection, 11 LTCS (10.4%) complied with the minimal requirements for health care, hygiene, food preparation and facilities conditions. After the implementation of corrective measures proposed by the Public Health Unit, the number of LTCS which had complied for the same criteria was 64 (60.4%). Conclusions Society needs to adapt to a growing ageing population. LCTS, while part of the solution, still have deficiencies. In this sample, the majority were illegal and lacked the appropriate conditions. Public Health interventions can contribute to improving these services. Key messages In an ageing society, long-term care services are essential but the majority lack the appropriate conditions. Public Health intervention is crucial in implementing corrective measures that will result in better conditions for the elderly.

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