scholarly journals Composition of the Synanthropic Fraction of Spontaneous Flora of the Gardens and Parks in the Middle Pobuzhzhia Region of Ukraine

Botanica ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 156-166
Author(s):  
Anna Kovtoniuk
Keyword(s):  
Anthropogenic Pressure ◽  
Landscape Art ◽  
Botanical Gardens ◽  
Synanthropic Species ◽  
Natural Flora ◽  
Urban Floras

AbstractThe aim of our work was to analyse synanthropic fraction of spontaneous flora of gardens and parks in the Middle Pobuzhzhia Region of Ukraine and to reveal the features of synanthropisation. The landscapes of gardens and parks in the Region include botanical gardens, arboretums and monuments of landscape art. A total of 15 objects were studied. The floras of parks were estimated by proportion of different groups (origin, naturalisation degree, time and ways of introduction) of synanthropic species. The synanthropic fraction of spontaneous flora was calculated using the indices of synanthropisation, apophytisation, anthropophytisation, archeophytisation, kenophytisation and modernisation. These indices were specified for each park and for the Middle Pobuzhzhia Region in general. The obtained data were compared to each other and to the analogous urban floras from different zones of Ukraine. It was revealed that the apophytisation processes were dominated by the processes of adventisation in most of the parks. The proportion of the synanthropic fraction of spontaneous flora of the Middle Pobuzhzhia Region was significantly lower compared to urban floras of some cities of Ukraine, and despite a considerable anthropogenic pressure retained some features of natural flora.

scholarly journals SYNANTROPIZATION FLORA OF PRIPYAT POLESIE AS AN INDICATOR OF ITS ANTHROPOGENIC TRANSFORMATION

2018 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 276-285
Author(s):  
A. M. Mialik ◽  
V. I. Parfenov
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Plants ◽  
Natural Ecosystems ◽  
Anthropogenic Transformation ◽  
Natural Region ◽  
Geographic Structure ◽  
Degree Of Naturalization ◽  
Synanthropic Species ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Mediterranean Origin ◽  
Natural Flora

The article deals with the peculiarities of the synanthropic component of the flora of the Pripyat Polesie – a natural region located in the southern part of Belarus. It is represented by 810 species of vascular plants that can grow in disturbed human habitats. Among the synanthropic species, 563 taxons (69.5 % of their total number) are adventitious (or anthropophytes), and 247 (or 30.5 %) are aboriginal (apophytes) in relation to the flora under consideration. The geographic structure of the apophytes of the flora of Pripyat Polesie indicates their wide range and weak zonal confinement. Anthropophytes have a more complex genesis with respect to the time and manner of skidding, as well as the degree of naturalization in the natural ecosystems of the southern part of Belarus. They are based on a group of plant species of ancient mediterranean origin. The biomorphological features of the synanthropic species, as well as their relation to environmental factors such as moisture and soil fertility, show that in the process of synanthropization and anthropogenic transformation, the natural flora and natural vegetation cover acquire features characteristic of phytophores in more southern areas.

scholarly journals New data on introduced and rare synanthropic spider species (Arachnida: Araneae) in Poland (II)

2017 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Rozwałka ◽  
Tomasz Rutkowski ◽  
Paweł Bielak-Bielecki
Keyword(s):  
New Records ◽  
Species Introduction ◽  
Spider Species ◽  
Botanical Gardens ◽  
Synanthropic Species ◽  
Amaurobius Ferox

Over the last decades, a large number of introduced spider species (Araneae) has been noted in Europe. Some of these newcomers have been introduced incidentally. However, the others develop permanent populations, for example in greenhouses or botanical gardens, and become synanthropic species. Introduction and synanthropization of new spider species also occurs in Poland. New records presented herein extend the list of introduced arachnofauna by seven species: Aphantaulax trifasciata, Cheiracanthium furculatum, Cyrtophora citricola, Olios argelasius, Nurscia albomaculata, Phoneutria boliviensis and Triaeris stenaspis. In addition, new posts of rarely reported so far in Poland synanthropic spiders such as: Amaurobius ferox, A. similis, Cheiracanthium mildei, Hasarius adansoni, Holocnemus pluchei, Nesticella mogera, Psilochorus simoni, Pseudeuophrys lanigera, Scytodes thoracica and Uloborus plumipes are presented. The data complement the deployment of these species in Poland as well as indicate their potential expansion routes.

scholarly journals Life Quality Investments and Environmental Damage Decreasing in Coal Mining Regions

2019 ◽  
Vol 105 ◽  
pp. 04008
Author(s):  
Lyudmila Sagdeeva ◽  
Lyudmila Starikova ◽  
Irina Trapeznikova
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Life Quality ◽  
Open Pit ◽  
Open Pit Mining ◽  
Environmental Damage ◽  
Anthropogenic Pressure ◽  
Industrial Emissions ◽  
Environmental Capacity ◽  
Waste Dumps ◽  
Natural Flora

The industrialized Kuzbass (Kemerovo Region, Russia) is not only a source of raw materials for the planet, but also a manufacturer of ferrous and non-ferrous metals and chemical products. Since 1990s, the “lungs of the planet” – Siberian taiga – has been actively cut down, and mining and processing enterprises are being built. A large part of the territory of Kuzbass is exposed to a strong technogenic impact. The consequence of the irreversible process of destruction and degradation of soil under industrial waste dumps during open-pit mining of coal, pollution of groundwater and surface water, atmospheric pollution by industrial emissions is the disappearance of natural flora and fauna, as well as the catastrophic threat to the health of people living in the region. Only 30% of the territory of the region, where 5-10% of the population lives, correspond to satisfactory environmental conditions. The article discusses the problems of anthropogenic pressure and environmental capacity of the territory on the example of the Kemerovo region, attempts to assess damage to land resources in the Kemerovo region on the example of 2017, based on the standard methodology for assessing the need for investment in environmental protection.

scholarly journals Synanthropization of riparian plant communities in the Ojców National Park (Southern Poland)

2016 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Sołtys-Lelek ◽  
Beata Barabasz-Krasny ◽  
Katarzyna Możdżeń
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Floristic Composition ◽  
Riparian Forests ◽  
Anthropogenic Pressure ◽  
Natural Forests ◽  
Alluvial Forests ◽  
Synanthropic Species ◽  
Riparian Plant Communities ◽  
Riparian Communities

Abstract Although riparian forests are still common in Europe, their variants - similar to natural forests - are rare. They are, as communities, early stages of forest-shrub succession, particularly vulnerable to the expansion of neophytes for which they are an important type of vegetation that enables their spread. In the Ojców National Park (ON P), these types of phytocoenoses are heavily influenced by anthropogenic pressure. The preservation of their biodiversity is particularly difficult because of the fragmentation and small area occupied by the Park - just 2.89 ha. There have been no data on synanthropization of ON P riparian forests until now. The ‘conservation status’ of these communities was determined by examining the degree of anthropophyte participation in their floristic composition. This determination is necessary to take effective preventive measures. In 2012-2014, phytosociological studies were carried out on the ON P riparian communities. A particular attention was paid to the presence and quantitative participation of alien species in research plots. The obtained results revealed that there were 189 plant species in alluvial forests of the ON P, including 80 synanthropic species. The group of synanthropes comprised 32 anthropophytes: 5 diaphytes, 9 archaeophytes and 18 kenophytes.

scholarly journals Tasks of Botanical gardens of Russia: from preservation of plant bioresources to ecological education of the population

2019 ◽  
pp. 43-51
Author(s):  
E. V. Zhuravleva ◽  
S. V. Fursov
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Joint Research ◽  
Botanical Gardens ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Natural Flora ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Living Organisms

Within the framework of the national goals and strategic objectives of the Russian Federation for the period up to 2024, the tasks were formulated to radically improving the comfort of the urban environment, preserving biological diversity and preserving forests. These tasks can be successfully solved only in a integrated study of the biological environment of a concrete region. The article shows that the Botanical gardens, providing reliable preservation of the gene pool of the plant world from living organisms to biomaterials, are one of the forms of organization of the scientific process associated with the maintenance and preservation of the diversity of plant bioresources. Collection funds of Botanical gardens, which include tens of thousands of plant names, are a national treasure. The genetic resources of plants preserved in the collections of Botanical gardens represent a unified national collection distributed throughout the territory of the Russian Federation in a wide range of climatic conditions. Plants of natural flora and are currently indispensable raw materials for the food industry and pharmacology, despite the enormous development of the chemistry of synthetic compounds and nanobiotechnology. Botanical gardens can become not only focal points for the study and conservation of plant bioresources, but also the organization of joint research and international cooperation in this field, environmental and aesthetic education of the population.

scholarly journals USING OF COMPUTER PROGRAMM «BD-PLANT-KZ» FOR CADASTRAL REGISTRATION OF PLANTS OF THE NATURAL FLORA OF KAZAKHSTAN

2018 ◽  
pp. 20-29
Author(s):  
A. A. Imanbayeva ◽  
I. F. Belozerov ◽  
M. Yu. Ishmuratova
Keyword(s):  
Main Menu ◽  
Botanical Gardens ◽  
Western Kazakhstan ◽  
Natural Flora ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Quick Search

The description of the computer “BD-PLANT-KZ” program, intended for input and storage in memory of the computer of various botanical information on plants of natural flora of Kazakhstan is provided. 11 points of the program are a part of the Main menu: "File", "Editing", "Input", "Search", "Viewing", "Lists", "Herbarium", "Communities", "Databases", "Service" and "Reference". The program allows carrying out quick search of data, printing, exporting to various formats, drawing up reports and lists in the set taxonomical, bioecological, decorative and other parameters. “BD-PLANT-KZ” has undergone successful approbation in two botanical gardens of Kazakhstan (Altai and Mangyshlak). Now floristic the database of the program includes information on natural flora for 882 taxons from 4 departments, 6 classes, 12 subclasses, 26 suborders, 59 orders, 10 suborders, 80 families and 300 gena. Approbation of the program has allowed making the summary characteristic of natural flora of the Western Kazakhstan on the example of the Mangystau, Atyrau, Aktyubinsk and West-Kazakhstany regions. Lists of taxons are determined by geographical points and floristic areas, geographical novelties are revealed.

scholarly journals Assessment of the quality of seeds formed in situ and ex situ as a mandatory element of maintaining seed banks of rare plants

2021 ◽  
Vol 265 ◽  
pp. 05012
Author(s):  
Lyudmila Kavelenova ◽  
Nataly Roguleva ◽  
Nikolay Yankov ◽  
Irina Ruzaeva ◽  
Elena Pavlova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Banks ◽  
Rare Plants ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Botanical Gardens ◽  
Germination Ability ◽  
Natural Flora ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Russian Federation

The possibility of seed genetic banks creating is associated with the ability of many plants seeds (the so-called orthodox ones) to maintain germination ability for a long time, being in a dormant state. This opens up wide prospects for the formation of a reserve seeds fund of rare species that are threatened with extinction in natural communities. Botanical gardens in different countries of the world, including the Russian Federation, are working on the creation of such seed banks. To assess the quality of seeds in relation to agricultural crops, as well as natural flora species, radiography is used. It is this kind of non-damaging express assessment of the quality of seeds that turns out to be the most informative technique for seed material obtained in botanical gardens. The article presents the preliminary results of an X-ray study of the seeds quality of some Samara region rare plants - four species ofthe Iris genus - Iris aphylla L., I. halophila Pall., I. pumila L., I. sibirica L.

Kyiv park "Nivki" and "Teremki" forests and ecological analysis of their habitats

2014 ◽  
Vol 25 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 53-68
Author(s):  
I. V. Goncharenko ◽  
H. M. Holyk
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Human Impact ◽  
Soil Nitrogen ◽  
Beta Diversity ◽  
Plant Cover ◽  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
Light Regime ◽  
Individual Species ◽  
Anthropogenic Pressure

Cenotic diversity and leading ecological factors of its floristic differentiation were studied on an example of two areas – Kyiv parks "Nivki" and "Teremki". It is shown that in megalopolis the Galeobdoloni-Carpinetum impatientosum parviflorae subassociation is formed under anthropogenic pressure on the typical ecotope of near-Dnieper hornbeam oak forests on fresh gray-forest soils. The degree of anthropogenic transformation of cenofloras can be estimated by the number of species of Robinietea and Galio-Urticetea classes, as well as neophytes and cultivars. Phytoindication for hemeroby index may be also used in calculation. We propose the modified index of biotic dispersion (normalized by alpha-diversity) for the estimation of ecophytocenotic range (beta-diversity) of releves series. We found that alpha-diversity initially increases (due to the invasion of antropophytes) at low level of antropogenic pressure, then it decreases (due to the loss of aboriginal species) secondarily with increasing of human impact. Also we found that beta-diversity (differential diversity) decreases, increasing homogeneity of plant cover, under the influence of anthropogenic factor. Vegetation classification was completed by a new original method of cluster analysis, designated as DRSA («distance-ranked sorting assembling»). The classification quality is suggested to be validated on the "seriation" diagram, which is а distance matrix between objects with gradient filling. Dark diagonal blocks confirm clusters’ density (intracluster compactness), uncolored off-diagonal blocks are evidence in favor of clusters’ isolation (intercluster distinctness). In addition, distinction of clusters (syntaxa) in ordination area suggests their independence. For phytoindication we propose to include only species with more than 10% constancy. Furthermore, for the description of syntaxonomic amplitude we suggest to use 25%-75% interquartile scope instead of mean and standard deviation. It is shown that comparative analysis of syntaxa for each ecofactor is convenient to carry out by using violin (bulb) plots. A new approach to the phytoindication of syntaxa, designated as R-phytoindication, was proposed for our study. In this case, the ecofactor values, calculated for individual releves, are not taken into account, however, the composition of cenoflora with species constancies is used that helps us to minimize for phytoindication the influence of non-typical species. We suggested a syntaxon’s amplitude to be described by more robust statistics: for the optimum of amplitude (central tendency) – by a median (instead of arithmetic mean), and for the range of tolerance – by an interquartile scope (instead of standard deviation). We assesses amplitudes of syntaxa by phytoindication method for moisture (Hd), acidity (Rc), soil nitrogen content (Nt), wetting variability (vHd), light regime (Lc), salt regime (Sl). We revealed no significant differences on these ecofactors among ecotopes of our syntaxa, that proved the variant syntaxonomic rank for all syntaxa. We found that the core of species composition of our phytocenoses consists of plants with moderate requirements for moisture, soil nitrogen, light and salt regime. We prove that the leading factor of syntaxonomic differentiation is hidden anthropogenic, which is not subject to direct measurement. But we detect that hidden factor of "human pressure" was correlated with phytoindication parameters (variables) that can be measured "directly" by species composition of plant communities. The most correlated factors were ecofactors of soil nitrogen, wetting variability, light regime and hemeroby. The last one is the most indicative empirically for the assessment of "human impact". We establish that there is a concept of «hemeroby of phytocenosis» (tolerance to human impact), which can be calculated approximately as the mean or the median of hemeroby scores of individual species which are present in it.

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