scholarly journals Characterisation of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus aureus – like strains isolated from table eggs

2014 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ewelina Pyzik ◽  
Agnieszka Marek ◽  
Tomasz Hauschild
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Resistance Gene ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationship ◽  
Methicillin Resistance ◽  
Consumer Health ◽  
Specific Product ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Chicken Eggs ◽  
And Staphylococcus Aureus

AbstractThe aim of the study was to provide a detailed phenotypic and genotypic characterisation of Staphylococcus aureus strains and the group of microorganisms with unusual biochemical patterns (called Staphylococcus aureus-like) isolated from table chicken eggs. All of the strains tested exhibited resistance to at least one of the 17 antibiotics tested, and 55.55% of isolates were found to be resistant to five or more of them. PCR used for detection of the methicillin resistance gene (mecA) confirmed the presence of a specific product of 533 bp in the case of two of the isolated S. aureus-like strains. Analysis of the phylogenetic relationship between eight of S. aureus and ten S. aureus-like strains distinguished 18 macrorestriction profiles following digestion with SmaI endonuclease, indicating that there were no identical strains with the same macrorestriction profile. However, the presence of methicillin-resistant strains indicates a serious risk to consumer health.

scholarly journals Detection of mecA gene by latex agglutination and its molecular analysis by PCR in methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus.

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (07) ◽  
pp. 1363-1370
Author(s):  
Aneela Khawaja ◽  
Iffat Javed ◽  
Sohaila Mushtaq ◽  
Saeed Anwar ◽  
Faiqa Arshad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Methicillin Resistance ◽  
Meca Gene ◽  
Latex Agglutination ◽  
Medical Institute ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Agglutination Method ◽  
Resistant Strains

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a devastating question that is threatening the health globally. The extensive and indiscriminative use of antibiotics has evolved a notorious resistance in Staphylococcus aureus.  This resistance developed through possession of mecA gene, which codes for modified penicillin binding protein (PBP2a) and the emergent strain being labeled “methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus”. Conventional phenotypic techniques for detection of MRSA rely on standardization of cultural characteristics. The drawbacks of diagnostic error to report MRSA include: poor prognosis, expensive treatment, dissemination of multi-drug resistant strains and even treatment failure. Latex agglutination method can be adopted as a more accurate and quick strategy for rapid detection of methicillin resistance. Objectives: To compare detection of mecA gene in methicillin resistant isolates of Staphylococcus aureus by latex agglutination and PCR; by assessing the sensitivity and specificity of both methods. Study Design: Descriptive Cross-Sectional study. Setting: Pathology Department, Post Graduate Medical Institute, Lahore. Period: From January 2015 to December 2015; according to standard operating procedures at Microbiology laboratory. Material & Methods: A total 713 consecutive, non-duplicate isolates of Staphylococcus aureus were processed. Methicillin resistance was determined using cefoxitin (30mg) by Kirby-Bauer method using CLSI guideline (2016), latex agglutination method; and PCR for mecA gene. Results: The results showed that out of 713 Staphylococcus aureus isolates, 92 (12.90%) isolates were resistant to cefoxitin and were labelled as MRSA. majority MRSA isolates recovered from pus (44.57%) and wound swab (20.65%), followed by blood (13.04%), fluid (8.70%), CSF (4.35%), CVP (3.26%), HVS (3.26%) and tracheal secretion (2.17%). By latex agglutination method, 87 (94.50%) were positive for PBP2a; while on PCR mecA gene was detected only in 82 (89.10%) MRSA isolates. When assessed with PCR (gold standard) the sensitivity and diagnostic accuracy of latex agglutination was 100% and 94.57%, respectively. Conclusion: Latex agglutination test can be employed as rapid and reliable diagnostic technique in MRSA isolates for mecA gene detection, where resources for molecular methods are inadequate. This can effectually lessen the misdiagnosis of resistant strains, and over/ ill-use of antibiotics.

scholarly journals Introduction of the mec Element (Methicillin Resistance) into Staphylococcus aureus Alters In Vitro Functional Activities of Fibrinogen and Fibronectin Adhesins

1998 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 564-570 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre E. Vaudaux ◽  
Vincenza Monzillo ◽  
Patrice Francois ◽  
Daniel P. Lew ◽  
Tim J. Foster ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Methicillin Resistance ◽  
Bacterial Colonization ◽  
Protein A ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Functional Activities ◽  
Extracellular Matrix Components ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACT Some methicillin-resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus are defective in the production of major surface components such as protein A, clumping factor, or other important adhesins to extracellular matrix components which may play a role in bacterial colonization and infection. To evaluate the impact of methicillin resistance (mec) determinants on bacterial adhesion mediated by fibrinogen or fibronectin adhesins, we compared the in vitro attachment of two genetically distinct susceptible strains (NCTC8325 and Newman) to protein-coated surfaces with that of isogenic methicillin-resistant derivatives. All strains containing an intactmec element in their chromosomes were found to be defective in adhesion to fibrinogen and fibronectin immobilized on polymethylmethacrylate coverslips, regardless of the presence or absence of additional mutations in the femA,femB, or femC gene, known to decrease expression of methicillin resistance in S. aureus. Western ligand affinity blotting or immunoblotting of cell wall-associated adhesins revealed similar contents of fibrinogen- or fibronectin-binding proteins in methicillin-resistant strains compared to those of their methicillin-susceptible counterparts. In contrast to methicillin-resistant strains carrying a mec element in their genomes, methicillin-resistant strains constructed in vitro, by introducing the mecA gene on a plasmid, retained their adhesion phenotypes. In conclusion, the chromosomal insertion of themec element into genetically defined strains of S. aureus impairs the in vitro functional activities of fibrinogen or fibronectin adhesins without altering their production. This effect is unrelated to the activity of the mecA gene.

Staphylococcus aureus strains differ in their in vitro responsiveness to human urokinase: evidence that methicillin-resistant strains are predominately nonresponsive to the growth-enhancing effects of urokinase

1996 ◽  
Vol 42 (10) ◽  
pp. 1024-1031 ◽  
Author(s):  
David A. Hart ◽  
Carol Reno ◽  
Thomas Louie ◽  
Wallace Krulicki
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Methicillin Resistance ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Growth Enhancement ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Regulation Of Growth

Clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus were found to exhibit strain-specific heterogeneity to the growth-enhancing effects of human urokinase (UK), a proteinase with plasminogen activator activity. Nine out of fourteen (64%) methicillin-sensitive strains of S. aureus were responsive to UK in "in vitro" cultures. In contrast, 3/29 (10%) methicillin-resistant strains were responsive to the proteinase. When only strains isolated from western Canada were considered, 6/11 methicillin-sensitive strains and 1/26 methicillin-resistant strains were responsive to UK. The single western Canadian methicillin-resistant strain (strain 456) responsive to UK was one of two isolated from the same patient, indicating that the two strains were phenotypically different. Strain 456, resistant to 32 μg mefhicillin/mL, was responsive to as little as 50 U UK/mL and enhancement of growth was evident by 9 h of incubation at 37 °C. This growth enhancement was specific to UK and not duplicated by equivalent concentrations of other proteins (bovine serum albumin, trypsin, plasminogen). The results presented indicate differences in the frequency of the UK-responsive phenotype between methicillin-sensitive and -resistant S. aureus. These findings indicate that the UK phenotype of S. aureus may have utility in both phenotyping clinical isolates, as well as providing insights into the regulation of growth in this clinically important organism.Key words: Staphylococcus aureus, growth, urokinase, methicillin resistance.

scholarly journals Staphylococcus aureus PBP4 Is Essential for β-Lactam Resistance in Community-Acquired Methicillin-Resistant Strains

2008 ◽  
Vol 52 (11) ◽  
pp. 3955-3966 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guido Memmi ◽  
Sergio R. Filipe ◽  
Mariana G. Pinho ◽  
Zhibiao Fu ◽  
Ambrose Cheung
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Methicillin Resistance ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Penicillin Binding Protein ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Fold Reduction ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Mrsa Strains ◽  
Hospital Acquired ◽  
Major Target

ABSTRACT Recent cases of infections caused by community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) (CA-MRSA) strains in healthy individuals have raised concerns worldwide. CA-MRSA strains differ from hospital-acquired MRSAs by virtue of their genomic background and increased virulence in animal models. Here, we show that in two common CA-MRSA isolates, USA300 and MW2 (USA400), a loss of penicillin binding protein 4 (PBP4) is sufficient to cause a 16-fold reduction in oxacillin and nafcillin resistance, thus demonstrating that mecA, encoding PBP2A, is not the sole determinant of methicillin resistance in CA-MRSA. The loss of PBP4 was also found to severely affect the transcription of PBP2 in cells after challenge with oxacillin, thus leading to a significant decrease in peptidoglycan cross-linking. Autolysis, which is commonly associated with the killing mechanism of penicillin and β-lactams, does not play a role in the reduced resistance phenotype associated with the loss of PBP4. We also showed that cefoxitin, a semisynthetic β-lactam that binds irreversibly to PBP4, is synergistic with oxacillin in killing CA-MRSA strains, including clinical CA-MRSA isolates. Thus, PBP4 represents a major target for drug rediscovery against CA-MRSA, and a combination of cefoxitin and synthetic penicillins may be an effective therapy for CA-MRSA infections.

scholarly journals The Novel Macrolide Resistance Genes mef(D), msr(F), and msr(H) Are Present on Resistance Islands in Macrococcus canis, Macrococcus caseolyticus, and Staphylococcus aureus

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sybille Schwendener ◽  
Valentina Donà ◽  
Vincent Perreten
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Resistance Gene ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Methicillin Resistance ◽  
Macrolide Resistance ◽  
Moderate Increase ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Integrase Gene ◽  
Content Type ◽  
And Staphylococcus Aureus

ABSTRACT Chromosomal resistance islands containing the methicillin resistance gene mecD (McRImecD) have been reported in Macrococcus caseolyticus. Here, we identified novel macrolide resistance genes in Macrococcus canis on similar elements, called McRImsr. These elements were also integrated into the 3′ end of the 30S ribosomal protein S9 gene (rpsI), delimited by characteristic attachment (att) sites, and carried a related site-specific integrase gene (int) at the 5′ end. They carried novel macrolide resistance genes belonging to the msr family of ABC subfamily F (ABC-F)-type ribosomal protection protein [msr(F) and msr(H)] and the macrolide efflux mef family [mef(D)]. Highly related mef(D)-msr(F) fragments were found on diverse McRImsr elements in M. canis, M. caseolyticus, and Staphylococcus aureus. Another McRImsr-like element identified in an M. canis strain lacked the classical att site at the 3′ end and carried the msr(H) gene but no neighboring mef gene. The expression of the novel resistance genes in S. aureus resulted in a low-to-moderate increase in the MIC of erythromycin but not streptogramin B. In the mef(D)-msr(F) operon, the msr(F) gene was shown to be the crucial determinant for macrolide resistance. The detection of circular forms of McRImsr and the mef(D)-msr(F) fragment suggested mobility of both the island and the resistance gene subunit. The discovery of McRImsr in different Macrococcus species and S. aureus indicates that these islands have a potential for dissemination of antibiotic resistance within the Staphylococcaceae family.

scholarly journals Identification in Methicillin-Susceptible Staphylococcus hominis of an Active Primordial Mobile Genetic Element for the Staphylococcal Cassette Chromosome mec of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus

2003 ◽  
Vol 185 (9) ◽  
pp. 2711-2722 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuki Katayama ◽  
Fumihiko Takeuchi ◽  
Teruyo Ito ◽  
Xiao Xue Ma ◽  
Yoko Ui-Mizutani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Resistance Gene ◽  
Mobile Genetic Element ◽  
Methicillin Resistance ◽  
Type I ◽  
Genetic Element ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Staphylococcus Hominis ◽  
Staphylococcal Cassette Chromosome

ABSTRACT We previously reported that the methicillin resistance gene mecA is carried by a novel type of mobile genetic element, SCCmec (staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec), in the chromosome of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). These elements are precisely excised from the chromosome and integrated into a specific site on the recipient chromosome by a pair of recombinase proteins encoded by the cassette chromosome recombinase genes ccrA and ccrB. In the present work, we detected homologues of the ccr genes in Staphylococcus hominis type strain GIFU12263 (equivalent to ATCC 27844), which is susceptible to methicillin. Sequence determination revealed that the ccr homologues in S. hominis were type 1 ccr genes (ccrA1 and ccrB1) that were localized on a genetic element structurally very similar to SCCmec except for the absence of the methicillin-resistance gene, mecA. This genetic element had mosaic-like patterns of homology with extant SCCmec elements, and we designated it SCC12263 and considered it a type I staphylococcal cassette chromosome (SCC). The ccrB1 gene identified in the S. hominis strain is the first type 1 ccrB gene discovered to retain its function through the excision process as judged by two criteria: (i) SCC12263 was spontaneously excised during cultivation of the strain and (ii) introduction of the S. hominis ccrB1 into an MRSA strain carrying a type I SCCmec whose ccrB1 gene is inactive generated SCCmec excisants at a high frequency. The existence of an SCC without a mec determinant is indicative of a staphylococcal site-specific mobile genetic element that serves as a vehicle of transfer for various genetic markers between staphylococcal species.

scholarly journals Bacteriological characters of strains ofStaphylococcus aureussubmitted to a reference laboratory related to methicillin resistance

1986 ◽  
Vol 96 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. R. Marples ◽  
J. F. Richardson ◽  
Maureen J. de Saxe
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Methicillin Resistance ◽  
Clinical Problem ◽  
Problem Analysis ◽  
Reference Laboratory ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Mrsa Strains

SUMMARYMethicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus(MRSA)strains present an increasing clinical problem. Analysis of 2679 strains submitted to a reference laboratory in the first quarter of 1983 and 3050 strains submitted in summer 1984 showed 479 and 593 multi-resistant strains. The proportion of methicillin-resistant strains classified as epidemic rose from 5·9 to 10·2%. Other methicillin-resistant strains continued to occur but other methicillin-sensitive multi-resistant strains appeared to fall. A strain with defined characters could be recognized in the Thames regions.

EVALUATION OF THE METHOSD FOR DETECTION METHICILLIN-RESISTANT STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS.

2013 ◽  
pp. 25-31
Author(s):  
Thi Kim Chi Nguyen ◽  
Dinh Binh Tran ◽  
Thi Nam Lien Nguyen ◽  
Van Tuan Mai ◽  
Godreuil Sylvain
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Methicillin Resistance ◽  
Meca Gene ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Resistant Strains

Objective: To evaluate the infections that caused by Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and the value of the tests to detect Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Subjects and Methods: Used routine techniques to culture and isolate S.aureus, test the antibiotic sensitivity by Kirby-Bauerr, determination the Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus by Oxacillin and cefoxitin disc and PCR in identified the mecA gene Staphylococcus aureus. Results: The rate of Staphylococcus aureus isolated is highest which isolated from pus specimens (55.06%). In 267 strains of Staphylococcus aureus isolated in the Department of Microbiology, Hue Central Hospital the Methicillin resistance Staphylococcus aureus was 61.42%. The level of antibiotic resistant strains of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus is higher than that in Methicillin-sensitive strains. Conclusion: Cefoxitin 30 microg disk diffusion method to detect Methicillin resistance is effective for determinate Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (sensitivity and specificity are all 100.00%). Key words: Staphylococcus aureus Methicillin-resistant.

Nasal carriage of highly resistant methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains by hospital staff in Hazara region of Pakistan

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Maria Rukan ◽  
Humaira Jamil ◽  
Habib Ali Bokhari ◽  
Aamer Ali Khattak ◽  
Allah Nawaz Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Methicillin Resistance ◽  
Hospital Staff ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Operation Theatre ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Theatre Staff ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Abstract Objective: To isolate and characterise multidrug resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus from healthcare workers who are at potential risk of nosocomial infections. Methods: The observational, cross-sectional study was conducted from November 2014 to April 2015 at different hospitals of Haripur and Abbottabad, Pakistan, and comprised ward and operation theatre staff. The isolates were identified on the basis of microbiological and biochemical tests and further confirmed by polymerase chain reaction. Disc diffusion method was used for antibiotic sensitivity testing, and panton valentine leukocidin and methicillin resistance mecA genes were detected using polymerase chain reaction. Results: Of 208 isolates, 108(52%) were from the ward staff and 100(48%) were from the operation theatre staff. Overall, 167(80.3%) isolates were positive for Staphylococcus aureus, and 75(36%) were methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. The number of antibiotic-resistant isolates was 75(45%) cefoxitin, 60(36%) ofloxacin, 152(91%) erythromycin, 52(31%) doxycycline, 127(76%) lincomycin, 53(32%) amoxicillin-clavulanate, 67(40%) ciprofloxacin, and 89(53%) ceftriaxone. Conclusion: A high number of hospital staff, including those working in operation theatres, were found to be carrying methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and multidrug resistant strains in their nasal passage that may be a source of infection to patients. Key Words: Methicillin resistance, Nosocomial infections, Vancomycin, MecA gene, Pvl gene. Continuous....

scholarly journals Evaluation of Ceftobiprole in a Rabbit Model of Aortic Valve Endocarditis Due to Methicillin-Resistant and Vancomycin-Intermediate Staphylococcus aureus

2005 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 884-888 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henry F. Chambers
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Aortic Valve ◽  
Methicillin Resistance ◽  
Rabbit Model ◽  
Clinical Development ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant ◽  
Drug Resistant Strains

ABSTRACT Ceftobiprole is a novel broad-spectrum cephalosporin that binds with high affinity to PBP 2a, the methicillin-resistance determinant of staphylococci, and is active against methicillin- and vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Ceftobiprole was compared to vancomycin in a rabbit model of methicillin-resistant S. aureus aortic valve endocarditis. Ceftobiprole and vancomycin were equally effective against endocarditis caused by methicillin-resistant S. aureus strain 76, whereas ceftobiprole was more effective than vancomycin against the vancomycin-intermediate S. aureus strain HIP5836. The activity of ceftobiprole against drug-resistant strains of S. aureus warrants its further clinical development.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document