Impact of land tenure on the participation in factor income in agriculture of Slovenia

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 27-38
Author(s):  
Irena Žaucer ◽  
Helena Puc
Keyword(s):  
Land Tenure ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Land Policy ◽  
Agricultural Area ◽  
Production Factor ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Family Farms ◽  
Agricultural Enterprises ◽  
Factor Income

AbstractThe purpose of the article is to present agricultural land tenure in Slovenia and its impact on the division of the factor income into the part intended for the production factor of land and the improvement by the introduction of the rent statistics. The land, together with the labour force and capital, contributes to the income generation and it is one of the production factors that participate in the income division. The analyses so far have been based on the FADN data but the Slovenian analysis is based on data from the Economic Accounts for Agriculture (EAA), it uses different sources, and a different calculation approach. The calculation is based on the share of rented utilised agricultural area which amounts to about 30% of the total utilised area. Due to the availability of the data the rent value is calculated depending on the institutional sectors – for agricultural enterprises (the non-financial enterprise sector) and family farms (the household sector). In 2016 the average rent per ha of utilised agricultural area amounted to almost EUR 150 and the nominal value of rents paid in Slovenian agriculture to EUR 21 million. Slovenian share of rent in factor income for the period 2000–2016 is 3%, which is substantially lower than the European Union (EU-28) average of 8%. In 2016, the factor income per employee was around EUR 6,000; about 4% of this amount was contributed to the land in the form of rent value. The rest was contributed to the workforce and capital. The paper presents the results that could be helpful for the agricultural and land policy makers.

Land Ownership in Ukraine: Reform Issues

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 1175
Author(s):  
Ivan O. KOSTYASHKIN ◽  
Nadiia I. CHUDYK-BILOUSOVA ◽  
Liudmyla S. TARANENKO ◽  
Alla V. ANDRUSHKO ◽  
Natalia M. LOGINOVA
Keyword(s):  
Land Tenure ◽  
Land Reform ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
State Regulation ◽  
Market Reform ◽  
Land Market ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Business Entities ◽  
Land Control

At present, the issue of land market reform for Ukraine is extremely urgent, as the state has for over 20 years been operating a moratorium on the alienation of agricultural land. The prudent transition from a moratorium on the alienation of agricultural land to the modern land market is a priority area for land reform. The purpose of the paper is to conduct a scientific analysis of the current state of land market reform in Ukraine, as well as to compare the chosen reform path with the experience of developing the mechanisms of legal regulation of the land market in several European countries. Methods traditional for legal studies in Ukraine were used to achieve this purpose: historical law; comparatively law; formal law. The study found that a moratorium on the sale of agricultural land leads to the existence of a gray land market, which benefits primarily large corporations, and violates the rights of other business entities. State regulation in the EU countries is expressed in limiting the size of land, control over compliance with the change of purpose of land or the absolute prohibition of its change, restrictions on admission to the purchase of land by foreigners, obtaining special permits for the acquisition of agricultural land, etc. To fulfil the potential of the land market and fully protect the rights of landowners, it is important to consider not only the expansion of opportunities for sale but also the lease of land. The experience of the European Union states that the priority way of development of the land market is its development through stimulation of the farming method of land tenure and land use, which contributes to the performance of the social function by the land.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Member State Provisions Addressing Land Policy and Restitution by the European Commission

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-125
Author(s):  
Ágoston Korom
Keyword(s):  
Member State ◽  
European Commission ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Land Policy ◽  
Eu Law ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Member States ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Direct Discrimination ◽  
Quality Of Living

The scope of action of EU Member States’ land policies lies at the intersection of positive and negative integration. Therefore, if a Member State restricts the ownership and use of agricultural land, it implies both the legitimate restriction of fundamental freedoms and that it achieves the targets listed under the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) on improving the quality of living for farmers in keeping with the case law of the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU). Despite this, it is worrisome that the EU’s control over negative integration does not allow Member States to create sustainable regulations. In contrast, the EU law leaves it entirely to the Member States to introduce restitution measures vis-à-vis the properties that were confiscated before their accession. The EU’s control prohibits direct discrimination against the citizens of other Member States. Under certain circumstances, according to the European Commission, the general principles of EU law and the provisions of the Charter can help individuals enforce restitution provisions. Bearing this in mind, we analysed the practice of the European Commission, its statements, and procedures against Member States, given that these are based on professional and/or political considerations. We examine the practice of the Commission and the CJEU vis-à-vis a Hungarian legislation on the so-called ‘zsebszerződések’. We also propose recommendations.

scholarly journals The Legal Regulation of Rental Contracts on the Land Rental Market in Slovakia

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-36
Author(s):  
Ivan Takáč ◽  
Jarmila Lazíková
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Agricultural Area ◽  
Land Rent ◽  
Market Prices ◽  
Legal Norms ◽  
Agricultural Enterprises ◽  
Land Rental ◽  
Legal Forms

Abstract Rented land accounted for 53% of the total agricultural area at EU-27 level in 2009. Rented land as a proportion of total utilized agricultural area in Slovakia (UAA) is one of the highest (FADN, 2009). That is why land rent plays a very important role. Therefore, the Slovak law maker approved special legal regulation to stabilize the long-term rent of agricultural land. The paper analyses how these legal norms affect the behaviour of the land tenants doing their business activities in the agriculture. Within the paper, the development of the market farmland prices and farmland rental payments development with the administrative land prices and rental payments stipulated by the Slovak national law is analysed. Based on the research results we found out that prices of arable land have statistically significantly increased. In spite of these facts the market prices are still lower than their administrative prices(1) especially in the case of farmland of the highest quality. According to the results the rent payment for one hectare of land is not influenced by the minimum rent payment stipulated by law. Contrary, minimum rental period stipulated by law, legal forms of agricultural enterprises and quality of land have significant impact on the rental payments. The larger acreage of land of one agricultural businessman press down the land rent payments. The legal forms of enterprises as well as the land rent period belong to the dominant factors which influence the land rent payment. (1) Administrative price is a price of farmland stipulated by the law.

scholarly journals Formation of conditions of rational use of agricultural lands

2021 ◽  
pp. 74-80
Author(s):  
Tetiana Ivaniuk
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Land Tenure ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
The State ◽  
Agricultural Lands ◽  
Land Protection ◽  
Rational Use ◽  
Agricultural Enterprises ◽  
Land Relations

Purpose. The aim of the article is determining the conditions of rational use of agricultural land conditions and substantiation of measures to optimize the distribution and rational use of agricultural land. Methodology of research. General scientific and special methods are used to achieve this goal: the dialectical method of scientific knowledge – to consider the essence of the rational use of land and its protection; synthesis – to clarify the relationship between the subjects of land relations; analysis – to assess the constituent elements of agricultural land; graphic – for visual display of the obtained results; abstract and logical method – for the formation of conclusions and research proposals. Findings. The state and rational use of land in the region and the state are studied. The structure of agricultural lands in Ivano-Frankivsk region and Ukraine is analysed. The main ecological and economic aspects of land tenure and land use in agriculture are described, including changes in land relations. The main reasons that caused the negative trends of rational use and protection of land in agriculture are identified. Measures have been developed for the rational use of land in the economic activity of land and its protection. Originality. Approaches to the interpretation of the concept of “rational use of land” are systematized and generalized. Measures on rational use of agricultural lands in economic activity are offered, namely: creation and realization of innovative scientific and technical programs in the field of rational use of lands and their protection; improving the regulatory framework in the field of land relations; development of a mechanism for financing programs; introduction of environmentally friendly ways of agricultural production, etc. Practical value. The expediency of studying and forming the conditions of rational use of agricultural lands is proved. The results of the study can be used by agricultural enterprises in conducting business activities. Key words: agricultural lands, rational use of lands, land protection, land tenure, land use, land fund, agricultural enterprises.

scholarly journals Scale efficiency of agricultural enterprises in Slovakia

2012 ◽  
Vol 50 (No. 8) ◽  
pp. 331-335 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Bielik M Rajčániová
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Slovak Republic ◽  
Production Factor ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Scale Efficiency ◽  
Agricultural Enterprises ◽  
Optimal Scale ◽  
Parametric Data ◽  
Size Groups ◽  
Basic Production

The scale efficiency enables to measure technical relationship between farm size and efficient land using as a basic production factor  according to its different allocation. The research has been done on a selected sample of agricultural enterprises in the Slovak Republic. A non-parametric data envelopment analysis approach has allowed investigating the differences in efficiency among various size groups of 110 agricultural enterprises. The research has proved that about 10 per cent of the analysed farms were operating during the analysed period at the optimal scale, 77 per cent at the above optimal scale and 13 per cent of the farms could increase the efficiency by increasing their acreage of agricultural land.

scholarly journals Variability in development of the land use intensity in agricultural companies

2011 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 349-354
Author(s):  
Eliška Svobodová ◽  
Karel Vinohradský
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Agricultural Area ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Land Use Intensity ◽  
Natural Conditions ◽  
Agricultural Enterprises ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Developmental Differentiation ◽  
The Impact

The aim of this article is to analyse the variability of the intensity of the land use in agricultural enterprises farming in different natural conditions in the years 2001–2006. The main reason for this analysis is the diminishing intensity of agricultural production in the Czech Republic in the nineties as well as in the past decade. This article is a part of the research with special focus on the sings of the extensive and intensive systems of agriculture in the developmental differentiation of agricultural enterprises.As the data source for the analysis made in this article has been used the group of companies NUTS II Southeast in the period 2001–2006, i.e. in the time before and after our joining the EU. The group of companies includes legal entities with agricultural area under cultivation over 1 000 ha and average agricultural area 1 680 ha.The results show that the decrease in the agriculture intensity in the years 2001–2006 reached 179 Czech crowns per hectare and the average Earnings from Produce per hectare is 26 792 Czech crowns per hectare.Beside the variability of the intensity of the agricultural land use, there was also focused how the different natural conditions influence the land use intensity in the enterprises.The results in this article show that there is significant and deepening inter-enterprise differentiation of the level of intensity of farming, but it is also necessary to say, that the impact of various agro-ecological conditions on the development of intensity of farming is not dominant.

scholarly journals Agricultural Land and Land Tax – Significant Indicators of Agriculture Business Activities in the Slovak Republic

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 98-108
Author(s):  
Renáta Krajčírová ◽  
Alexandra Ferenczi Vaňová ◽  
Michal Munk
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Primary Production ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Slovak Republic ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Agricultural Enterprises ◽  
Dependent Variables ◽  
Increasing Trend ◽  
The Mean

Abstract The article is focused on the consideration between the agricultural land acreage and the amount of land tax in the selected sample of companies of agricultural primary production in the Slovak Republic within the period from 2010 to 2014 based on the data from departmental database of enterprises with primary agricultural production drawn from the factsheets of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development of the Slovak Republic presented by the selected statistical methods. In particular, the article presents the agricultural land and land tax from the accounting and tax perspective of the Slovak Republic and the European Union. It can be resulted that a slightly declining trend of the mean acreage of agricultural land was recorded for the evaluated group of agricultural enterprises within the reported period, while the mean land tax value per hectare of agricultural land had increasing trend. Results of the survey on significances of differences in the values of the dependent variables at the level of combinations of factors of year and enterprise indicate that the acreage of agricultural land and the volume of the land tax are statistically dependant at the level of year, however there are not dependent at the level of combination of factors of year and enterprise within the surveyed period.

scholarly journals Tracing Agricultural Land Transfer in China: Some Legal and Policy Issues

Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 58
Author(s):  
Chao Zhou ◽  
Yunjuan Liang ◽  
Anthony Fuller
Keyword(s):  
Land Tenure ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Rural China ◽  
Industrialized Countries ◽  
Family Farms ◽  
Land Reforms ◽  
Academic Context ◽  
Agrarian Question ◽  
Land Transfer ◽  
Land Assembly

This paper traces the evolution of land tenure changes in contemporary China since 1949. The transfer of land from peasant households to family farms and commercial sized units is on a vast scale and forms one of the greatest land reforms we have ever seen. The agrarian question forms both the policy and academic context in which this legislative account of land transfer is assessed and raises the question of whether land assembly in China resembles previous agricultural transformation policy and processes in industrialized countries or to what extent it has special characteristics of its own. The security of land holding in rural China, established with the household responsibility system, is seen to mature slowly over three to four periods of adjustment, always protecting the rights of peasants while improving conditions for increasing land productivity, resulting in an extension of the two rights of peasant holdings to three rights in the new millennium. The introduction of a third right, a land management right which is transferable from peasants to outsiders, has enabled a huge land assembly movement affecting millions of small holdings. This process of land tenure restructuring raises such questions as the consequences of the capitalization of agriculture, peasant land dispossession, proletarianization, and the prospect of a future land market in rural China, all topics for further research.

scholarly journals The economic mechanism for the formation of land rent at agricultural enterprises

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-44
Author(s):  
Dmytro Shyian ◽  
Anatolii Moskalenko ◽  
Kseniia Kirichenko
Keyword(s):  
Land Tenure ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Land Rent ◽  
Significant Development ◽  
Agricultural Enterprises ◽  
Market Formation ◽  
Fixed Assets ◽  
Land Relations ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Region Grouping

The current stage of land relations in the agrarian sector is characterized by significant development of lease relations. Today, these relationships are heavily influenced by competition for land tenure, leading to increased land payments. Considering this, as well as the prospects for the agricultural land market formation, the task was to assess the dependence of agricultural land rent on the intensity and economic efficiency of wheat, corn for grain, sunflower production. The research was carried out on the example of agricultural enterprises of Kharkiv region. Grouping, a graphical method was chosen as research methods. The subject of the study was also the rent dynamics for agricultural land in Kharkiv region and Iowa, the USA. The obtained results made it possible to establish the fact that the rent value depends on the total amount of expenses, and the expenses on the articles «wages», «depreciation». It is concluded that the reasons for this may be related to the investment of these enterprises in human capital and the fixed assets that make them lease on more favorable terms for share owners. No dependence was found between the rent value on the value of the yield and the financial result on the selected crops. At the same time, there is a clear tendency that with the increase in the value of the rent, there is an increase in the ratio of its value to the value of costs and income from the crop sector. It is concluded that this can lead to a decrease in investment opportunities for the enterprises with the highest level of lease payments for agricultural land.

scholarly journals Analysis of the mechanisms and instruments regulating the use of agricultural land in Vietnam and other countries

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vu Huong Thi Thu ◽  
Svetlana Kiseleva
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Economic Incentives ◽  
State Regulation ◽  
Land Policy ◽  
Agricultural Enterprises ◽  
Organization And Management ◽  
The Earth ◽  
State And Market

Article is devoted to consideration and the analysis of mechanisms and instruments of regulation of land use and features of their application in Vietnam and other countries for the benefit of increase in efficiency of agriculture in the long term. Authors considered features of use farmlands, the main mechanisms of public administration by land resources in Vietnam. The attention to shortcomings of the sphere of management and use of farmlands in modern Vietnam is paid and recommendations in the designated area are made. Now, Vietnam is faced by a problem of formation of the mechanism allowing to realize appropriate use of farmlands. When developing the corresponding land policy it is expedient to legislators to consider the available foreign experiment on regulation of use of the agricultural land. Authors presented results of studying of foreign experience of the organization and management of agricultural land use for the purpose of identification of the existing effective mechanisms of legal regulation. In article it is shown that experience of land use in foreign countries is very various and has the specifics. It is necessary to use levers of the organizational and economic mechanism to increase in management efficiency and use of farmlands (for example, a combination of the state and market mechanisms of management of lands; protection of the highly productive agricultural land of zones; development of the large agricultural enterprises; compensation for damage from withdrawal and pollution of the earth; economic incentives for improvement of quality of the earth). Authors emphasize importance of awakening of interest of the organizations and companies in development of the environmental-focused innovative processes in agriculture for increase in its environmental efficiency. In article need of development and improvement of the main and special measures of state regulation of use of farmlands is noted.

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