Anatomy of the Beginning of the Housing Boom Across U.S. Metropolitan Areas

We provide novel estimates of the location, timing, magnitude, and determinants of the start of the last U.S. housing boom. The last housing cycle cannot be interpreted as a single, national event, as different markets began to boom across a decade-long period, some of them multiple times. A fundamental factor, income of prospective buyers, can account for half of the initial jump in price growth, while expansion of purchases by underrepresented minorities cannot. The start of the boom also was financed conventionally, not by subprime mortgages. The latter's share did rise sharply over time, but only after a multi-year lag.

Miranti

This research was conducted in Giri Purno Village, Rimbo Ilir District, Tebo Regency. The location of the research will be carried out in Giri Purno Village, Rimbo Ilir District, Tebo Regency. This location was chosen "purposively" that is intentionally. Considering the condition of the area which shows the low level of women's participation in the development of Giri Purno Village in terms of village consultations, formulation, planning and implementation of development. The method used in this study is a descriptive method with a qualitative approach, which intends to find out and get an overview of the problems that occur at a certain place and time. Forms of Women's Participation in the Development Process of Giri Purno Village, Rimbo Ilir District, include: 1. Non-Physical Participation (Ideas / Thoughts) and 2. Participation in the Form of Energy. Factors Encouraging Women's Participation in the Giri Purno Village Development Process: Awareness / Willing Factors, Educational Factors, Income factor / Income. The inhibiting factors for women's participation in the development of Giri Purno Village include the busyness of women, lack of communication and external factors, namely the government leadership factor.

Distributional National Accounts in New Zealand

<p><b>In this study we investigated how are national accounts distributed among income percentiles. Our series display the evolution of distribution of National Accounts (either Factor Income or National Income) using two separate data bases (IR data and HES data) so our results have shown how results are different using different database as well. Findings determine that the gap between poor and wealth has changed neither over period 2006-2015, nor in a wider period of time (2000-2018) since share of bottom50 percentiles from National Income has been between 9 and 13 percent, share of middle class has been between 34 and 39 percent, and share of top 10 percentiles hasbeen between 50 and 55 percent. share top 1 percentile from National Income has increased drastically in years 2005, 2011, and 2016 while share of percentiles 90th-99thhas dropped in those years. We should stress again that our methods and results should be viewed not as a final product, but rather as a prototype and part of an ongoing attempt to provide more and more complete and transparent inequality statistics. As better sources and methods become available, the results always can be improved accordingly.</b></p>

Distributional National Accounts in New Zealand

<p><b>In this study we investigated how are national accounts distributed among income percentiles. Our series display the evolution of distribution of National Accounts (either Factor Income or National Income) using two separate data bases (IR data and HES data) so our results have shown how results are different using different database as well. Findings determine that the gap between poor and wealth has changed neither over period 2006-2015, nor in a wider period of time (2000-2018) since share of bottom50 percentiles from National Income has been between 9 and 13 percent, share of middle class has been between 34 and 39 percent, and share of top 10 percentiles hasbeen between 50 and 55 percent. share top 1 percentile from National Income has increased drastically in years 2005, 2011, and 2016 while share of percentiles 90th-99thhas dropped in those years. We should stress again that our methods and results should be viewed not as a final product, but rather as a prototype and part of an ongoing attempt to provide more and more complete and transparent inequality statistics. As better sources and methods become available, the results always can be improved accordingly.</b></p>

Capital and Labor: The Factor Income Composition of Top Incomes in the United States, 1962-2006

This paper finds that capital and labor incomes in the United States have become more closely associated since the 1980s. This contributed to the well-known increase in the top 1% share of total income, exacerbating rising inequality in capital incomes and earnings. We show that the trend in the association is U-shaped as the recent increase contrasts with a tendency toward a weakening association until the 1980s. The paper uses data derived from tax records, studies the asymmetries in the association and tests for robustness to alternative income definitions, including the role of income from closely-held businesses at the top.

Intenção de Compra do Consumidor para a Comercialização do Filtro de Carvão Ativado do Ouriço da Castanha-do-Brasil em Sinop, Mato Grosso

As preocupações ambientais no Brasil cresceram nos últimos anos. Uma dessas preocupações é em relação à destinação de resíduos das atividades extrativistas que ocorrem em todo o país. O ouriço da castanha-do-brasil, proveniente da atividade extrativista, representa um desses resíduos. Uma destinação economicamente sustentável para o ouriço é que esse pode servir de matéria-prima para o desenvolvimento de um novo produto ambientalmente correto. Contudo, uma pesquisa de mercado, com base no perfil e nas percepções dos futuros consumidores, se torna fundamental para um correto posicionamento estratégico para a comercialização de um novo produto. Para isso, foi utilizada uma pesquisa na cidade de Sinop - MT, por meio de um questionário estruturado. Posteriormente, foi possível verificar o perfil dos possíveis consumidores, além de analisar os principais fatores que podem influenciar na decisão de compra do produto. A pesquisa descritiva nãoprobabilística contou com 316 entrevistados. Os resultados revelaram que os valores referentes à consciência ambiental demonstraram a preocupação dos entrevistados com a questão ambiental e consumo consciente, porém, apesar dessa preocupação, não existe por parte dos entrevistados a atitude de influenciar ou conscientizar pessoas próximas. Também foi verificado que o principal fator impactante na decisão de compra é o fator econômico (fator renda). Palavras-chave: Biocarvão. Renda. Resíduo. Castanha-do-Pará. Abstract Environmental concerns in Brazil have grown in recent years. One of those concerns is regarding the disposal of waste from extractive activities that occur throughout the country. “Hedgehog” of Brazil nut, from extractive activity, represents one of those residues. An economically sustainable destination for the “hedgehogs” is that they can be used as a raw material for the development of a new environmentally friendly product: the activated carbon filter of “hedgehog ” of Brazil nut. However, a market analysis based on the profile and perceptions of future consumers becomes essential for a correct strategic positioning for the commercialization of a new product. Thus, a market research was used in the city of Sinop – MT, through a questionnaire to collect the information. Later, it was possible to verify the potential consumers’ profile and to analyze the main factors that may influence the decision to purchase the product. The non-probabilistic descriptive research had 316 respondents. The results showed that the values regarding environmental awareness, demonstrated the interviewees’ concern with the environmental issue and conscious consumption, however, despite this concern, there is no attitude when it comes to the interviewees to influence or raise awareness among close people . It was also found that the main impacting factor in the purchase decision is the economic factor (income factor). Keywords: Biochar. Income. Waste. Brazil Nut.

Keynesian Production Networks and the COVID-19 Crisis: A Simple Benchmark

The COVID-19 crisis is a seemingly all-encompassing shock to supply and demand. These negative shocks affected industries differently: some switched to remote work, maintaining employment and production, while others reduced capacity and shed workers. We consider a stripped-down version of the model in Baqaee and Farhi (2020). The model allows for an arbitrary input-output network, complementarities, incomplete markets, downward wage rigidity, and a zero lower bound. Nevertheless, the model has a stark property: factor income shares at the initial equilibrium are global sufficient statistics for the production network, clarifying assumptions that must be broken if the network is to matter.

The Assessment of Direct Agricultural Investment and Cash Transfer on Households in Malaysia: An Evidence of Compensation Mechanisms for Fuel Subsidy Removal

The objective of this study was to examine the impacts of introducing compensation mechanisms of direct agricultural investment and cash transfer for fuel subsidy removal, with particular focus on the income and consumption of all household segments in Malaysia. A computable general equilibrium (CGE) model was built on the basics of the standardized LöfgrenCGE model to conduct this study. The subsidy removal, without integrating any compensation mechanism, imposed additional burdens of living cost on households as fuel was one of the important elements of the consumption basket especially during the period of transition, thus indicating a need for this study. The ultimate results revealed that the introduction of direct cash transfer was more desirable for both the low-and the medium-income segments to live with high prices where their existing consumption level would be maintained. Comparatively, the direct agricultural investment by increasing the use of intermediate inputs in the production did not seem to be enough to help the rural low-income segment within the period, mainly because of reducing the factor income (factor reallocation effect), and exaggerating consumption expenditure subsequently. Thus, direct cash transfer was considered a direct and faster way to help the needy in the short term. However, the direct agricultural investment remained the best approach to gain long-lasting impacts; not only in helping the rural poor, who mostly dealt in agricultural activities, but also in motivating overall economic activities

Consumers attitudes towards cosmetic products in Chitwan, Nepal

The purpose of this paper is to study the consumer buying behavior towards cosmetics. This study primarily focuses on various factors like age, occupation; marital status and educations have positive influence towards cosmetic products. Primary data were used in research. Questionnaire of survey included five point likert scales. 110 completed questionnaires were returned and then 100 valid were analyzed by using ANOVA, mean and standard deviation. Surprisingly in Chitwan, the factor income does not have any influence on the attitude towards cosmetic products among the consumers understudy. People consider quality as the most important factor to purchase cosmetics. The findings may be used to marketers to design marketing strategy for cosmetics.