scholarly journals Evaluation of Doubled Haploid Derivatives of the Flue-cured Nicotianatabacum cv. Wislica

2006 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-113
Author(s):  
A Berbec ◽  
D Laskowska
Keyword(s):  
Doubled Haploid ◽  
Unit Area ◽  
Chromosome Doubling ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Parental Genotype ◽  
True Breeding ◽  
Delayed Flowering ◽  
Dh Lines ◽  
Derivatives Of ◽  
Parental Cultivar

AbstractA total of 51 doubled haploid (DH) derivatives of the flue-cured true-breeding tobacco variety Wislica were obtained via anther culture and colchicine-induced chromosome doubling. Of that number eight DH lines showed morphological aberrations and/or reduced vigour that made them unfit to be grown in the field. The remaining 43 DH lines were grown in 2001 under regular flue-cured tobacco management and evaluated for principal growth indicators, yield, curability and gross money returns from unit area. In 2002, the evaluation was scaled down to include 13 best performing DH lines of 2001. The DH lines showed a considerable variation for basic growth parameters. Usually, the DH lines had more leaves but were shorter than the parental genotype mostly due to shorter internodes. The majority of DH lines showed delayed flowering compared to the parental cultivar. Yields of cured leaves varied extensively, some of the DH lines yielding above and some below cv. Wislica. Curability measured as percentage of light (1st to 3rd) grades was generally lower in DH lines compared to that in cv. Wislica. However, because of the high leaf yield some of the DH lines were not inferior to the parental cultivar with respect to money returns from unit area.

Growth and yield of doubled haploid lines of oilseed Brassica rapa

1998 ◽  
Vol 78 (4) ◽  
pp. 537-544 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. B. Dewan ◽  
G. Rakow ◽  
R. K. Downey
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Rapa ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Doubled Haploid ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Field Evaluation ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Consistent Performance ◽  
Delayed Flowering ◽  
Dh Lines ◽  
Number Of Seeds

The production of doubled haploid (DH) lines of Brassica rapa could be an efficient procedure for the development of inbred parents for hybrid production. A total of 162 B. rapa DH lines were evaluated in field tests at Saskatoon, Canada, in single row, replicated tests and 10 DH lines were tested in four-row plot, multilocation, replicated tests. Seed of DH lines was produced by bud selfing in the greenhouse. Approximately one-fifth of all DH lines tested were chlorophyll deficient, presumably due to the expression of recessive alleles. Inbreeding depression was evident in low seed and biological yields, low number of seeds per pod and delayed flowering. Seed yield of DH lines was positively associated with the number of seeds per pod, early flowering and a long pod-filling period. One DH line was equal in yield to its donor population (DP), suggesting that dominance deviation was the genetic basis for high seed yield in this species. The consistent performance of DH lines over years and locations indicated that DH lines may be selected after 1 year of evaluation for combining ability testing. Higher yielding DH lines of B. rapa must be selected before they can be used as parents for hybrid development. Key words: Brassica rapa, doubled haploid, field evaluation

scholarly journals Evaluation of Gynogenic Responsiveness and Pollen Viability of Selfed Doubled Haploid Onion Lines and Chromosome Doubling via Somatic Regeneration

2010 ◽  
Vol 135 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marijana Jakše ◽  
Pablo Hirschegger ◽  
Borut Bohanec ◽  
Michael J. Havey
Keyword(s):  
Doubled Haploid ◽  
Chromosome Doubling ◽  
Pollen Viability ◽  
Shoot Culture ◽  
Haploid Induction ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Regeneration Stage ◽  
Regeneration Procedure ◽  
Dh Lines

Although haploid induction has been used in onions (Allium cepa L.) for over 20 years, several obstacles limit its use in plant breeding programs. To address these limitations, we evaluated the responsiveness of doubled haploid (DH) lines and their selfed progenies, an alternative protocol for chromosome doubling using somatic regeneration of haploid lines, and pollen viability of DH lines. Twenty-one DH lines were self pollinated and tested for haploid induction in the second generation. Among the DH lines, 18 lines showed an average of 20% decrease in gynogenic responsiveness compared with the original lines, while three lines registered an average increase of 5.7%. Using a two-step induction/regeneration procedure, 8,589 somatic regenerants were obtained from 16,170 flower buds from haploid plants, and shoot culture was established. A more laborious procedure using extraction of ovaries in the regeneration stage was found equal to flower bud culture. Chromosome doubling via somatic regeneration was found to be 83% and 100% efficient when the source material was haploid or mixoploid, respectively. Based on the results achieved in this and previous studies, an alternative protocol for chromosome doubling of gynogenic haploids is proposed.

Optimization of chromosome doubling treatment for efficient in vivo doubled haploid production in maize

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Sourbh Kumar ◽  
Uttam Chandel ◽  
Satish Kumar Guleria
Keyword(s):  
Doubled Haploid ◽  
Seed Set ◽  
Chromosome Doubling ◽  
Pollen Viability ◽  
Haploid Inducer ◽  
Haploid Production ◽  
Maize Genotypes ◽  
Different Doses

Abstract An investigation to optimize the protocol for application of colchicine for enhancing the doubled haploid production in maize was done. 106 maize genotypes were used as maternal parents, whereas, pollen source involved tropically adopted haploid inducer (TAIL P1 and TAIL hybrid). After the elimination of chromosomes of inducer lines, haploid seeds were obtained from the crosses. Haploid seedlings were treated with three different doses, such as 0.04, 0.06 and 0.08 per cent of colchicines for different durations (8, 12 and 15 hours). The response of various colchicine concentrations applied for different time durations revealed significant differences at P ≤ 0.05 for various parameters viz., per cent plants survivability, stalk colour, the fertility of tassel, silk present/absent, pollen viability, seed set and per cent doubled haploid formation. In maize, colchicine doses of 0.04 per cent for 12 hours and 0.06 per cent for 8 hours, respectively were established as optimum for enhanced doubled haploid production. But among these two, 0.04 per cent for 12 hours was observed to be best dose for doubled haploid production in maize.

In vitro and in vivo screening for cold tolerance in winter × spring wheat-derived doubled haploids following the wheat × maize system

2007 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 273-282
Author(s):  
S. Sharma ◽  
H. Chaudhary
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Cold Tolerance ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Doubled Haploid ◽  
Tetrazolium Chloride ◽  
Cold Tolerant ◽  
Dh Lines ◽  
Ttc Test

Seventy-eight doubled haploid (DH) lines, derived from 21 elite and diverse winter × spring wheat F 1 hybrids, following the wheat × maize system, were screened along with the parental genotypes under in vitro and in vivo conditions for cold tolerance. Under in vitro conditions, the 2,3,5-triphenyl tetrazolium chloride (TTC) test was used to characterize the genotypes for cold tolerance. Based on the TTC test, only one doubled haploid, DH 69, was characterized as cold-tolerant, seven DH and five winter wheat parents were moderately tolerant, while the rest were susceptible. Analysis of variance under in vivo conditions also indicated the presence of sufficient genetic variability among the genotypes (DH lines + parents) for all the yield-contributing traits under study. The correlation and path analysis studies underlined the importance of indirect selection for tillers per plant, harvest index and grains per spike in order to improve grain yield. It was also concluded that selection should not be practised for grain weight per spike as it would adversely affect the grain yield per plant. When comparing the field performance of the genotypes with the in vitro screening parameters, it was concluded that in addition to the TTC test, comprising a single parameter, other physiological and biochemical in vitro parameters should be identified, which clearly distinguish between cold-tolerant and susceptible genotypes and also correlate well with their performance under field conditions.

scholarly journals Doubled haploid technology for line development in maize: technical advances and prospects

2019 ◽  
Vol 132 (12) ◽  
pp. 3227-3243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vijay Chaikam ◽  
Willem Molenaar ◽  
Albrecht E. Melchinger ◽  
Prasanna M. Boddupalli
Keyword(s):  
Doubled Haploid ◽  
Chromosome Doubling ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
Success Rates ◽  
Haploid Induction ◽  
Maize Breeding ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Line Production

Key Message Increased efficiencies achieved in different steps of DH line production offer greater benefits to maize breeding programs. Abstract Doubled haploid (DH) technology has become an integral part of many commercial maize breeding programs as DH lines offer several economic, logistic and genetic benefits over conventional inbred lines. Further, new advances in DH technology continue to improve the efficiency of DH line development and fuel its increased adoption in breeding programs worldwide. The established method for maize DH production covered in this review involves in vivo induction of maternal haploids by a male haploid inducer genotype, identification of haploids from diploids at the seed or seedling stage, chromosome doubling of haploid (D0) seedlings and finally, selfing of fertile D0 plants. Development of haploid inducers with high haploid induction rates and adaptation to different target environments have facilitated increased adoption of DH technology in the tropics. New marker systems for haploid identification, such as the red root marker and high oil marker, are being increasingly integrated into new haploid inducers and have the potential to make DH technology accessible in germplasm such as some Flint, landrace, or tropical material, where the standard R1-nj marker is inhibited. Automation holds great promise to further reduce the cost and time in haploid identification. Increasing success rates in chromosome doubling protocols and/or reducing environmental and human toxicity of chromosome doubling protocols, including research on genetic improvement in spontaneous chromosome doubling, have the potential to greatly reduce the production costs per DH line.

scholarly journals Comparative Analysis of Horizontal and Vertical Decoupled Aquaponic Systems for Basil Production and Effect of Light Supplementation by LED

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1414
Author(s):  
Víctor M. Fernández-Cabanás ◽  
Luis Pérez-Urrestarazu ◽  
Alexes Juárez ◽  
Nathan T. Kaufman ◽  
Jackson A. Gross
Keyword(s):  
Unit Area ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Parameters Optimization ◽  
Joint Production ◽  
Source Distribution ◽  
Photon Flux ◽  
Photon Flux Density ◽  
Total Production ◽  
Electricity Cost ◽  
Supplemental Lighting

Aquaponic facilities allow the joint production of fish and plants in a reduced space. This hydroponic technique, combined with vertical farming, is not well studied. The main objective of this work was to compare basil production between horizontal and vertical decoupled aquaponic systems and assess the utilization of supplemental lighting in a greenhouse environment. Six independent vertical racks were arranged with hydroponic trays at three heights. Three racks were affixed with LED lighting on the lowest levels and three with supplemental lighting on the intermediate level. Immediately adjacent to the vertical systems, two independent horizontal systems containing three trays were constructed to compare basil production. After 35 days of growth post transplanting, the total production per tray and weight, height, number of leaves, and nodes of 20 selected plants per tray were determined. Records of the intensity of illumination photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD)) were recorded at dawn (8:00), noon (12:00), and dusk (18:00) at randomly predetermined positions associated with the 20 selected plants per tray. The total basil production in the experiment was 58.79 kg, with an average production per unit area of 2.43 and 0.94 kg m−2 for vertical and horizontal systems, respectively. Productivity per unit area in the vertical systems was 160% greater than in horizontal systems. A significant effect of lighting, the height of the tray, and plant position inside the tray was found on plant growth parameters. Optimization of light source distribution and tray orientation can enhance the productive performance in vertical aquaponic systems. Electricity cost associated with supplemental lighting per kg of production increment was 21.84 and 12.25 $ kg−1 for the bottom and intermediate levels of the vertical system, respectively, the latter being economically the most profitable.

scholarly journals QTL Mapping and Prediction of Haploid Male Fertility Traits in Maize (Zea mays L.)

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 836
Author(s):  
Yanyan Jiao ◽  
Jinlong Li ◽  
Wei Li ◽  
Ming Chen ◽  
Mengran Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Male Fertility ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Chromosome Doubling ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Phenotypic Variance ◽  
Haploid Male ◽  
Haploid Population ◽  
Trait Locus ◽  
Dh Lines ◽  
Major Qtl

Chromosome doubling of maize haploids is a bottleneck in the large-scale application of doubled haploid (DH) technology. Spontaneous chromosome doubling (SCD) of haploid has been taken as an important method in the production of DH lines and low haploid male fertility (HMF) is a main limiting factor for the use of SCD. To study its genetic basis, haploids of 119 DH lines derived from a cross between inbred lines Qi319 and Chang7-2 were used to map the quantitative trait locus (QTL) contributing to HMF. Three traits including anther emergence rate (AER), anther emergence score (AES) and pollen production score (PPS) of the haploid population were evaluated at two locations. The heritability of the three traits ranged from 0.70 to 0.81. The QTL contributing to AER, AES and PPS were identified on the chromosomes 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 9 and 10. Five major QTL, qAER5-1, qAER5-2, qAES3, qPPS1 and qPPS5, were found and each could explain more than 15% of the phenotypic variance at least in one environment. Two major QTL, qPPS1 and qPPS5, and two minor QTL, qAES2 and qAER3, were repeatedly detected at both locations. To increase the application efficiency of HMF in breeding programs, genomic prediction for the three traits were carried out with ridge regression best linear unbiased prediction (rrBLUP) and rrBLUP adding QTL effects (rrBLUP-QTL). The prediction accuracies of rrBLUP-QTL were significantly higher than that by rrBLUP for three traits (p < 0.001), which indirectly indicates these QTL were effective. The prediction accuracies for PPS were 0.604 (rrBLUP) and 0.703 (rrBLUP-QTL) across both locations, which were higher than that of AER and AES. Overall, this study provides important information to understand the genetic architecture of SCD of maize haploids.

General and specific combining ability of in vitro doubled haploid maize lines in the field

2010 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-177
Author(s):  
T. Spitkó ◽  
L. SÁgi ◽  
J. Pintér ◽  
C. Marton ◽  
B. Barnabás
Keyword(s):  
Doubled Haploid ◽  
Combining Ability ◽  
Field Performance ◽  
Control Line ◽  
Regeneration System ◽  
Sample Number ◽  
Maize Hybrids ◽  
Grain Moisture ◽  
Dh Lines

The breeding of hybrid maize now has a history of over 100 years. In 1908, George H. Shull was the first to report on the high yields, great uniformity and homogeneity of hybrids derived from a cross between two inbred lines. Following this discovery, consistent self-fertilisation over a period of six to eight generations was found to be an extremely efficient method for developing maize lines. From the mid-1970s, however, with the elaboration of the monoploid ( in vivo ) and microspore culture ( in vitro ) techniques, it became possible to develop homozygous lines within a year.With the help of an efficient plant regeneration system based on anther culture, large numbers of doubled haploid (DH) lines can be produced. In the course of the experiments the seed of DH plants selected over several years was multiplied and crossed with Martonvásár testers, after which the hybrids were included in field performance trials in three consecutive years (2005–2007). The aim was to determine whether the field performance of hybrids developed in this way equalled the mean yield of standards with commercial value. The data also made it possible to calculate the general (GCA) and specific (SCA) combining ability of the parental lines, indicating the usefulness of the parental components in hybrid combinations and expressing the extent to which a given line contributes to yield surpluses in its progeny.A total of 52 maize hybrids were evaluated in the experiments in terms of yield and grain moisture content at harvest. The combinations, resulting from crosses between 12 DH lines, one control line developed by conventional inbreeding and four testers, were found to include hybrids capable of equalling the performance of the standards, and four DH lines were identified as improving the yield level of their progeny. As the experiment was carried out on a very small number of genotypes, the results are extremely promising and suggest that, if the range of genotypes used to develop DH lines is broadened and the sample number is increased, it will be possible in the future to find maize hybrids, developed with in vitro DH parental components, that surpass the performance of commercial hybrids.

Performance of isolated microspore-derived doubled haploids of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

1997 ◽  
Vol 77 (4) ◽  
pp. 549-554 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tianci Hu ◽  
Ken J. Kasha
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Selection ◽  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
Chromosome Doubling ◽  
Microspore Culture ◽  
Doubled Haploids ◽  
Spontaneous Mutation ◽  
Nuclear Dna Content ◽  
Root Tip ◽  
Ploidy Levels ◽  
Dh Lines

Ploidy level, genetic stability and field performance of isolated microspore-derived wheat plants were evaluated. The ploidy levels of isolated microspore-derived wheat plants from cv. Chris and reciprocal crosses of Chris × Sinton were determined by two methods, namely chromosome counts of root tip cells and flow cytometric measurement of nuclear DNA content from leaves. Both methods gave similar results with the frequencies of spontaneous chromosome doubling and completely fertile plants among microspore-derived H0 plants of wheat being about 80% and 75%, respectively, based on two H0 populations. Only 1.7% were aneuploid and 16% were haploid. Spontaneous mutation frequencies were low with 1 of 124 Chris DH plants having a recessive mutant for lemma awns while three were grass-like plants in the H0 generation. The field-measured traits of microspore-derived DH lines were similar to the check by the third generation. Ninety-two percent and 70% of Chris DH lines had 1000-kernel weights and yields similar to the check, respectively. These results indicate that microspore-derived DH lines should have good potential for applications in plant breeding, in vitro selection, plant transformation and genetic studies. Key words: Wheat, microspore, culture, haploidy, performance, stability

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