scholarly journals Are prohexadione calcium and Pseudomonas fluorescens a solution to limit the spread of annual bluegrass (Poa annua L.) on football pitches?

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanja Bohinc ◽  
Barbara Zanelli ◽  
Matej Vidrih ◽  
Stanislav Trdan
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Fluorescens ◽  
Poa Pratensis ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Poa Annua ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Cool Season ◽  
Annual Bluegrass ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Prohexadione Calcium

Abstract In 2020, a greenhouse experiment was conducted to investigate the suppression of annual bluegrass (Poa annua), which is a difficult weed to manage in cool-season in turfgrass mixtures on football pitches. The efficacy of prohexadione calcium (Pc), ethephon (Eth) and Pseudomonas fluorescens against P. annua, Lolium perenne and Poa pratensis was tested, as the latter two most commonly occur in turfgrass mixtures on football pitches. Mesotrione (Mes) was used as a positive control, and nontreated grass was used as a negative control. Only a single grass species was sown in each pot. Treatments were randomly distributed for two experiments conducted separately: first – unmown grass before the beginning of spraying and second – grass mowed before the beginning of spraying. In both experiments, plant height and the number of tillers were measured/counted several times during the growing season. In both experiments, grasses were sprayed six times with Pc, Eth and P. fluorescens, while Mes was applied twice. Based on the performed study, the efficacy of the tested products is connected to grass species and whether the grass was mowed/cut before spraying. It has been detected in the present study that spraying with Pc could reduce the height of annual bluegrass, while spraying with P. fluorescens has reduced the number of tillers. Spraying was more effective on grasses that were mowed/cut before the beginning of spraying. Mes should cause severe damage to annual bluegrass but without confirmation in this study. Results of this study have indicated that the application of Pc and P. fluorescens can inhibit the spread of annual bluegrass in football pitches; however, testing their effectiveness against P. annua under field conditions should be performed as well.

scholarly journals Response of Kentucky Bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) Cultivars and Selections to Bispyribac-sodium Herbicide

HortScience ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 43 (7) ◽  
pp. 2252-2255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert R. Shortell ◽  
Stephen E. Hart ◽  
Stacy A. Bonos
Keyword(s):  
New Jersey ◽  
Initial Treatment ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Poa Pratensis ◽  
Intraspecific Variability ◽  
Kentucky Bluegrass ◽  
Poa Annua ◽  
Cool Season ◽  
Annual Bluegrass

Annual bluegrass (Poa annua L.) is a problematic weed in Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.). Bispyribac-sodium herbicide can effectively control established annual bluegrass in other cool-season turfgrasses, but unacceptable injury to Kentucky bluegrass has been reported. However, only a few Kentucky bluegrass cultivars have been evaluated. The objective of this study was to determine the extent of intraspecific variability among Kentucky bluegrass cultivars and selections to sequential applications of bispyribac-sodium herbicide. Field experiments were conducted in 2004 and 2005 in New Jersey to determine the response of 55 Kentucky bluegrass cultivars and selections to bispyribac-sodium. The herbicide was applied at 188 g·ha−1 followed 3 weeks later by a second application of 281 g·ha−1. Kentucky bluegrass injury ranged from 8% to 93% 8 weeks after initial treatment (WAIT). ‘Blackstone’, ‘Serene’, and A98-962 were the most tolerant to bispyribac-sodium, exhibiting less than 20% injury 8 WAIT. Conversely, ‘Washington’, 95AN-10, and ‘Avalanche’ were the most susceptible with up to 93% injury 8 WAIT. The range in tolerance to bispyribac-sodium within Kentucky bluegrass indicates the potential for the identification and development of cultivars with improved tolerance to bispyribac-sodium herbicide.

scholarly journals Mesotrione and Amicarbazone Tank-mixtures for Annual Bluegrass (Poa annua) Control in Cool-season Turfgrass

HortScience ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-16
Author(s):  
Matthew T. Elmore ◽  
Aaron J. Patton ◽  
Adam W. Thoms ◽  
Daniel P. Tuck
Keyword(s):  
New Jersey ◽  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Poa Pratensis ◽  
Kentucky Bluegrass ◽  
Poa Annua ◽  
Cool Season ◽  
Poor Control ◽  
Annual Bluegrass ◽  
Postemergence Herbicides

Annual bluegrass (Poa annua L.) control with postemergence herbicides in cool-season turfgrass is often inconsistent. Amicarbazone and mesotrione have complementary modes of action but have not been evaluated in tank-mixtures for control of mature annual bluegrass in cool-season turfgrass. Field experiments were conducted during 2018 in New Jersey, and in Indiana, Iowa, and New Jersey during 2019 to evaluate springtime applications of amicarbazone and mesotrione for POST annual bluegrass control in cool-season turfgrass. On separate tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) and kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) sites in 2018, three sequential applications of amicarbazone (53 g⋅ha−1) + mesotrione at 110 to 175 g⋅ha−1 provided >70% annual bluegrass control, whereas three sequential applications of amicarbazone alone at 53 and 70 as well as two sequential applications at 110 g⋅ha−1 provided <15% control at 14 weeks after initial treatment (WAIT). In 2019, results in New Jersey were similar to 2018 where amicarbazone alone provided less control than mesotrione + amicarbazone tank-mixtures. In Indiana, where the annual bluegrass infestation was severe and most mature, tank-mixtures were more effective than amicarbazone alone at 6 WAIT, but at 12 WAIT all treatments provided poor control. In Iowa, where the annual bluegrass infestation was <1 year old, all treatments provided similar control throughout the experiment and by >80% at the conclusion of the experiment. This research demonstrates that sequential applications of mesotrione + amicarbazone can provide more annual bluegrass control than either herbicide alone, but efficacy is inconsistent across locations, possibly due to annual bluegrass maturity and infestation severity.

Absorption, Translocation, and Metabolism of Amicarbazone in Annual Bluegrass (Poa annua), Creeping Bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera), and Tall Fescue (Festuca arundinacea)

Weed Science ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jialin Yu ◽  
Patrick E. McCullough ◽  
William K. Vencill
Keyword(s):  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Creeping Bentgrass ◽  
Agrostis Stolonifera ◽  
Poa Annua ◽  
Physiological Effects ◽  
Cool Season ◽  
Foliar Absorption ◽  
Annual Bluegrass

Amicarbazone controls annual bluegrass in cool-season turfgrasses but physiological effects that influence selectivity have received limited investigation. The objective of this research was to evaluate uptake, translocation, and metabolism of amicarbazone in these species. Annual bluegrass, creeping bentgrass, and tall fescue required < 3, 56, and 35 h to reach 50% foliar absorption, respectively. At 72 h after treatment (HAT), annual bluegrass and creeping bentgrass translocated 73 and 70% of root-absorbed14C to shoots, respectively, while tall fescue only distributed 55%. Annual bluegrass recovered ≈ 50% more root-absorbed14C in shoots than creeping bentgrass and tall fescue. Creeping bentgrass and tall fescue metabolism of amicarbazone was ≈ 2-fold greater than annual bluegrass from 1 to 7 d after treatment (DAT). Results suggest greater absorption, more distribution, and less metabolism of amicarbazone in annual bluegrass, compared to creeping bentgrass and tall fescue, could be attributed to selectivity of POST applications.

scholarly journals Cool-season Turfgrass Response to Bispyribac-Sodium

HortScience ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (5) ◽  
pp. 1552-1555 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darren W. Lycan ◽  
Stephen E. Hart
Keyword(s):  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Poa Pratensis ◽  
Creeping Bentgrass ◽  
Kentucky Bluegrass ◽  
Cool Season ◽  
Severe Stunting ◽  
Annual Bluegrass ◽  
Fine Fescue

Previous research has demonstrated that bispyribac-sodium can selectively control established annual bluegrass (Poa annua L.) in creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera L.). Annual bluegrass is also a problematic weed in other cool-season turfgrass species. However, the relative tolerance of other cool-season turfgrass species to bispyribac is not known. Field experiments were conducted at Adelphia, N.J., in 2002 and 2003 to gain understanding of the phytotoxic effects that bispyribac may have on kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.), perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.), tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea (L.) Schreb.), and chewings fine fescue (Festuca rubra L. subsp. commutata Gaud.). Single applications of bispyribac at 37 to 296 g·ha–1 were applied to mature stands of each species on 11 June, 2002 and 10 June, 2003. Visual injury was evaluated and clippings were collected 35 and 70 days after treatment (DAT). Visual injury at 35 DAT increased as bispyribac rate increased. Kentucky bluegrass was least tolerant to bispyribac with up to 28% injury when applied at 296 g·ha–1. Injury on other species did not exceed 20%. Initial injury on perennial ryegrass, tall fescue, and chewings fine fescue was primarily in the form of chlorosis, while kentucky bluegrass exhibited more severe stunting and thinning symptoms. Bispyribac at rates from 74 to 296 g·ha–1 reduced kentucky bluegrass clipping weights by 19% to 35%, respectively, as compared to the untreated control at 35 DAT in 2002. Initial visual injury on perennial ryegrass, tall fescue, and chewings fine fescue dissipated to ≤5% by 70 DAT. However, recovery of kentucky bluegrass was less complete. These studies suggest that bispyribac-sodium has potential to severely injure kentucky bluegrass. Injury on perennial ryegrass, tall fescue, and chewings fine fescue appears to be less severe and persistent; therefore, bispyribac can be used for weed control in these species. Chemical names used: 2,6-bis[(4,6-dimethoxy-2-pyrimidinyl)oxy]benzoic acid (bispyribac-sodium).

Persistence of Rimsulfuron on Perennial Ryegrass (Lolium perenne) and Annual Bluegrass (Poa annua) Foliage

2006 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 345-350 ◽  
Author(s):  
Whitnee L. Barker ◽  
Josh B. Beam ◽  
Shawn D. Askew
Keyword(s):  
Lolium Perenne ◽  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Poa Annua ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Cool Season ◽  
Annual Bluegrass ◽  
Rinse Water ◽  
Viable Method ◽  
Water Rinse

Field studies have shown that rimsulfuron can move laterally with mower tires and injure neighboring cool-season grasses, indicating that persistent chemical can dislodge from turfgrass foliage. Laboratory studies were conducted to evaluate persistence and stability of14C rimsulfuron on perennial ryegrass and annual bluegrass foliage. Rimsulfuron was absorbed by annual bluegrass and perennial ryegrass equivalently, and persisted equally on foliage of each species. When extracted with a water rinse, 57% of applied rimsulfuron was recovered after 10 min, and 42% of applied rimsulfuron was recovered after 96 h. Rimsulfuron was stable 4 d after application based on comparison of rinse water chromatograms to stock solution chromatograms. These data indicate that appreciable rimsulfuron persists on turf foliage for 4 d. Thus, limiting traffic on treated areas for several hours to allow drying is not a viable method to prevent lateral relocation of rimsulfuron, and subsequent injury to cool-season turfgrasses.

THE RESPONSE OF SOME KENTUCKY BLUEGRASS CULTIVARS TO COMPETITIVE STRESS FROM ANNUAL BLUEGRASS

1979 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 1123-1128
Author(s):  
J. L. EGGENS
Keyword(s):  
Competitive Ability ◽  
Poa Pratensis ◽  
Kentucky Bluegrass ◽  
Poa Annua ◽  
Growth Chamber ◽  
Annual Bluegrass ◽  
Short Day

The ability of seven Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) cultivars to compete against annual bluegrass (Poa annua L.) under greenhouse and growth chamber conditions was evaluated. Under natural long days from June to November in the greenhouse and under a 15-h daylength in the growth chamber, annual bluegrass produced significantly more tillers than each of the Kentucky bluegrass cultivars. Under short day condition (10 h) in the growth chamber, the number of innovations produced by Sydsport Kentucky bluegrass was not significantly different from annual bluegrass. Under natural daylength of February and March in the greenhouse, the number of innovations produced by Baron, Glade and Sydsport Kentucky bluegrass cultivars was not significantly different from that produced by annual bluegrass. A method to evaluate the competitive ability of Kentucky bluegrass under daily 2-cm mowing height is described.

scholarly journals Characterization of PhlG, a Hydrolase That Specifically Degrades the Antifungal Compound 2,4-Diacetylphloroglucinol in the Biocontrol Agent Pseudomonas fluorescens CHA0

2006 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 418-427 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mélanie Bottiglieri ◽  
Christoph Keel
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Fluorescens ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Antifungal Compound ◽  
Two Component System ◽  
Root Diseases ◽  
Enzymatic Nature

ABSTRACT The potent antimicrobial compound 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol (DAPG) is a major determinant of biocontrol activity of plant-beneficial Pseudomonas fluorescens CHA0 against root diseases caused by fungal pathogens. The DAPG biosynthetic locus harbors the phlG gene, the function of which has not been elucidated thus far. The phlG gene is located upstream of the phlACBD biosynthetic operon, between the phlF and phlH genes which encode pathway-specific regulators. In this study, we assigned a function to PhlG as a hydrolase specifically degrades DAPG to equimolar amounts of mildly toxic monoacetylphloroglucinol (MAPG) and acetate. DAPG added to cultures of a DAPG-negative ΔphlA mutant of strain CHA0 was completely degraded, and MAPG was temporarily accumulated. In contrast, DAPG was not degraded in cultures of a ΔphlA ΔphlG double mutant. To confirm the enzymatic nature of PhlG in vitro, the protein was histidine tagged, overexpressed in Escherichia coli, and purified by affinity chromatography. Purified PhlG had a molecular mass of about 40 kDa and catalyzed the degradation of DAPG to MAPG. The enzyme had a k cat of 33 s−1 and a Km of 140 μM at 30°C and pH 7. The PhlG enzyme did not degrade other compounds with structures similar to DAPG, such as MAPG and triacetylphloroglucinol, suggesting strict substrate specificity. Interestingly, PhlG activity was strongly reduced by pyoluteorin, a further antifungal compound produced by the bacterium. Expression of phlG was not influenced by the substrate DAPG or the degradation product MAPG but was subject to positive control by the GacS/GacA two-component system and to negative control by the pathway-specific regulators PhlF and PhlH.

scholarly journals Weed control in angelica (Angelica archangelica L.)

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-139
Author(s):  
Jovan Lazarević ◽  
Ana Dragumilo ◽  
Tatjana Marković ◽  
Aleksandra Savić ◽  
Dragana Božić
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Physical Method ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Angelica Archangelica ◽  
Random Block ◽  
Medicinal Crops ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Production Areas

Plantation cultivation of medicinal plants is expanding, and since weed control is the biggest challenge in this production, the aim of the study was to examine the possibility of their control by mulching. In addition, herbicide metamitron was included in the study, the use of which in such crops is acceptable in some countries. Angelica archangelica L. was chosen as the experimental crop as its essential oil from the root is one of the most appreciated on the market, due to which an increase in its production areas can be expected. The experiment was set up in five treatments (completely random block system with four replications), as follows: agrotextile waterproof foil, sawdust, herbicide metamitron, control without weeds (positive) and control with weeds (negative). The highest weediness was recorded in the negative control, and in the treatment with herbicide metamitron. Sawdust mulch resulted in a reduction in weediness, compared to the previous two treatments. Agrotextile foil and positive control were free of weeds. Thus, the best efficiency in weed control was achieved by applying agrotextile mulch foil, which completely prevented weed germination (efficiency 100%), a much weaker effect was achieved by using sawdust (efficiency 51.28%), while metamitron reduced fresh weed biomass by only 26.71%. The obtained results show that mulching as a physical method of weed control in angelica crop is more suitable, in comparison with the application of the herbicide metamitron, if the crop is dominated by grass species, which are not in the spectrum of action of this herbicide. The significance of these results is even greater knowing that in our country metamitron, as well as other herbicides, is not registered for use in medicinal crops.

scholarly journals Postemergence Control of Annual Bluegrass with Mesotrione in Kentucky Bluegrass

HortScience ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 522-526 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua J. Skelton ◽  
William Sharp ◽  
Bruce E. Branham
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Poa Pratensis ◽  
Kentucky Bluegrass ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Poa Annua ◽  
Annual Bluegrass ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Significant Application ◽  
Levels Of Control

Six field trials were conducted in 2009 and 2010 to study postemergence control of annual bluegrass (Poa annua L. var. Hausskn Timm) in kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) with mesotrione. Mesotrione was applied at 11 different rate and application intervals to an area of kentucky bluegrass that was naturally infested with annual bluegrass. Mesotrione rates of 56 g·ha−1 applied two or three times per week for a total of 10 applications or 84 g·ha−1 applied two times per week for a total of seven applications provided consistent control of annual bluegrass but required significant application labor and resulted in minor kentucky bluegrass injury. Other treatments that required fewer applications, 110 g·ha−1 applied twice per week for five applications or 186 g·ha−1 per week for three applications, also achieved high levels of control under high air temperatures, but control levels can vary significantly as temperatures fluctuate and seasons change. Mesotrione can successfully control annual bluegrass in kentucky bluegrass when frequent applications at low rates are applied or when environmental conditions are conducive to control.

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