scholarly journals Hysteria as Alternative Masculinity in the Gothic Discourse of the 19th Century: The Case of E.T.A. Hoffmann, Edgar Allan Poe and Guy De Maupassant

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-50
Author(s):  
Ana Cristina Băniceru
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Edgar Allan Poe ◽  
Guy De Maupassant ◽  
Gothic Fiction ◽  
Feminine Voice ◽  
Male Characters ◽  
The 19Th Century

AbstractFrom its onset, the Gothic has attempted to challenge established norms and conventions, either for sensational effects or to question their homogenizing and reductive tendencies. The questioning or reinforcing of received notions of femininity in Gothic fiction has been much debated by critics, with the concept of masculinity coming second. The present paper discusses normative masculinity as it was perceived in the 19th century and how E.T.A. Hoffmann, Edgar Allan Poe and Guy de Maupassant challenge its validity by creating male characters who adopt a hysterical, almost feminine voice, contesting the belief that hysteria was a “female malady”. The characters expose their unconventional masculinity, which resists the model of the ‘ganzer Mann’ in Germany, ‘marketplace man’ in US and the ‘conjugal heterosexual’ in France.

scholarly journals Virtue as Adventure and Excess: Intertextuality, Masculinity, and Desire in the Twilight Series

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 213-237
Author(s):  
Claudia Lindén
Keyword(s):  
Women Writers ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Gender Norms ◽  
Literary Tradition ◽  
Gothic Fiction ◽  
Sexuality And Gender ◽  
Literary Figure ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Twilight Series

The vampire is still primarily a literary figure. The vampires we have seen on TV and cinema in recent years are all based on literary models. The vampire is at the same time a popular cultural icon and a figure that, especially women writers, use to problematize gender, sexuality and power. As a vampire story the Twilight series both produces and problematizes norms in regard to gender, class and ethnici-ty. As the main romantic character in Twilight, Edward Cullen becomes interesting both as a vampire of our time and as a man. In a similar way as in the 19th century novel the terms of relationship are negotiated and like his namesake Edward Rochester, Edward Cullen has to change in important ways for the “happy end-ing” to take place. In spite of a strong interest in sexuality and gender norms in relation to vampires very few studies have focused exclusively on masculinity. This article examines the construction of masculinity in relation to vampirism in the Twilight series. It offers an interpretation of Stephenie Meyer’s novels and the character of Edward as part of a broader field of feminist (re-)uses of the vampire in modern literature with its roots in the literary tradition from Austen and the Brontë-sisters as well as from classic Gothic fiction.

scholarly journals Anti-transcendentalism and dark romanticism in Poe's "The Masque of the Red Death"

Entrelinhas ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 104-106
Author(s):  
Sofia Lopes
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Short Story ◽  
Edgar Allan Poe ◽  
Writing Style ◽  
The 19Th Century

This review seeks to analyse the short story “The Masque of the Red Death”, by Edgar Allan Poe, and to study its connection to the anti-transcendentalist and dark romantic movements. Through an examination of the literary aspects contained in the story, this work aims to inspect Poe's writing style, notedly marked by a bold approach of the themes of death, mourning and decay, and to compare his aesthetic decisions - such as the strong symbolic streak, the reliance on colour and architecture and the artistic depiction of death - to the chief tenets that influenced anti-transcendentalist writers over the 19th century.

scholarly journals The types of the chronotope in the short story «The Murders in the Rue Morgue» by Edgar Poe

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Short Story ◽  
Edgar Allan Poe ◽  
Deep Understanding ◽  
Psychological Factor ◽  
Time And Space ◽  
Auguste Dupin ◽  
The Right ◽  
The 19Th Century

The article is devoted to the analysis of the time and space peculiarities in the short story «The Murders in the Rue Morgue» by the American writer of the 19th century Edgar Allan Poe. The aim of the article is a analysis of artistic chronotope as a special way of influencing the reader and distinguishing the features of time and space in the analyzed work. E. Poe was the initiator of the «detective short story», the genre features of which are the description of the deduction of the character, the analysis of the event, generalized logical, mathematically accurate reasoning. The image of detective Auguste Dupin is the main in the short story. There are the real and historical chronotope in this detective short story. The author repeatedly focuses on spatial topos that form a unique authorial style. The character, through the perspective of the narrator's vision, is portrayed in detail, with the psychological factor closer to the finale intensifying, which allows to distinguish the features of personal chronotope. Real historical chronotope uses fictional topos or objects that represent a certain space that carry a symbolic load (the non-existent streets of Paris, the library, the room, etc.). The author skillfully combines real and fictional events to create a unique detective story. All topos are interconnected and complementary, leading to a deep understanding of artistic reality. Real, mystical, historical and social chronotopes are associated with deep psychology, which makes it possible to recreate events and find the right solution to solve the crime. The perspectives of the narrator and the short story's characters on the same event extend the boundaries of the chronotope, giving it additional features. This interconnection of chronotopes in the short story not only shapes the complex artistic world of the nineteenth century, but also makes it possible to refer the analyzed work to the literature of romanticism.

scholarly journals History of the words starina and starik as terms of friendship in Russian

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 108-117
Author(s):  
I.V. Fufaeva
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Time Analysis ◽  
Language Play ◽  
Male Characters ◽  
History Of ◽  
Scientists And Engineers ◽  
Male Friend ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
National Corpus

This article explores when and under what circumstances the words starik and starina emerged as terms of friendship in standard Russian language. These terms were often used by male characters in the prose of the Khrushchev Thaw — students, scientists, and engineers. It was initially assumed that these words had become forms of address at that time. Analysis of data from the Russian National Corpus shows that these terms of friendship date back earlier than that. Starik was used to address a male friend in the 19th century and starina in the 1920s—30s. Decades apart, the two words started to function as terms of friendship in a very similar way. Both were used at first to address an elderly stranger. At some point, they turned into means of language play and speech stylisation to finally lose their connection to folk speech and the semantics of age. The first one to complete the transformation was the word starina. As to starik, it apparently began to be used as a term of friendship in lan­guages of groups.

scholarly journals Rozwód Georges’a Du Roy w Bel-Ami Guy de Maupassanta w kontekście zmian we francuskim ustawodawstwie rozwodowym drugiej połowy XIX wieku

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 197-210
Author(s):  
Alicja Bańczyk
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Law And Literature ◽  
Final Outcome ◽  
Guy De Maupassant ◽  
Revolutionary Change ◽  
Divorce Law ◽  
Nineteenth Century France ◽  
Eighteenth And Nineteenth Centuries ◽  
The 19Th Century

Wpisując się w aktualny ruch prawniczy i literacki, artykuł skupia się na literackim przedstawieniu zmian w postępowaniu rozwodowym w dziewiętnastowiecznej Francji na podstawie powieści Guy de Maupassanta Bel-Ami. Napisana w 1885 roku książka w bardzo realis-tyczny sposób przedstawia proces rozwodowy oparty na winie, tak jak wyglądał on w momencie jej powstania. We wstępie pokrótce omawiam ewolucję francuskiego postępowaniarozwodowego w XVIII i XIX wieku i jego końcowy rezultat: legalizację rozwodu wprowadzoną w 1884 roku. Artykuł podejmuje próbę odpowiedzi na pytanie, ta rewolucyjna zmiana prawa rozwodowego wpłynęła na treść powieści i sposób, w jaki Guy de Maupassant przedstawił zakończenie małżeństwa, a także próbę zweryfikowania, czy ten obraz odzwierciedla ówczesną rzeczywistość prawną. Georges du Roy’s Divorce in Guy de Maupassant Novel Bel-Ami in the Context of French Divorce Legislation Changes in the Second Half of the 19th Century Fitting into the current law and literature movement, the article focuses on the literary depiction of changes within divorce proceedings in nineteenth-century France based on Guy de Maupassant’s novel Bel-Ami. Written in 1885, the book depicts, in a highly realistic manner, fault-based divorce proceedings at the time of its creation. In the introduction, I briefly touch upon the evolution of the French divorce proceedings throughout the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, and its final outcome: the legalisation of a dissolution of marriage in 1884. The article attempts to answer the question how that revolutionary change of the divorce law influenced the novel’s content and how Guy de Maupassant depicted the dissolution of marriage in his work, and to verify if this depiction reflects legal reality.

scholarly journals Edgar A. Poe y las artes: el ideario artístico sugerido a través de "The Assignation"

2021 ◽  
pp. 33
Author(s):  
Alejandro Jaquero Esparcia
Keyword(s):  
Popular Culture ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Edgar Allan Poe ◽  
Fine Arts ◽  
Cultura Popular ◽  
Siglo Xix ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Ideal ◽  
Literary Legacy

Resumen: El legado literario de Edgar Allan Poe ha sido asociado por la cultura popular, más que por la historiografía, al mundo gótico y la escritura de terror. No obstante, muchos estudios actuales inciden en la amplitud de temáticas presentes en la obra del escritor bostoniano. Ello se debe en parte a la formación adquirida como revisor literario en prensa y la satisfacción por aprender tanto los sucesos histórico-artísticos europeos y orientales como los novedosos progresos científicos desarrolladas durante el siglo XIX. En este sentido, las referencias al mundo de las Bellas Artes son constantes en su obra, configurando en algunos casos la acción misma de sus narraciones. Pretendemos examinar cómo, desde un lenguaje cuidado y experto, sugiere al lector una idea del coleccionista ideal y de sus criterios estéticos a lo largo del cuento “La cita”.Abstract: The literary legacy of Edgar Allan Poe has been identified by the popular culture, rather than the historiography, as belonging to the Gothic universe and the horror tales. However, many current studies have noted the variety of topics present in the work of the Bostonian. This is partly due to the training acquired as a literary reviewer when working in several journals and newspapers, and his interest for being well informed about European and Eastern historical and artistic facts and the pioneering scientific discoveries of the 19th century. In this sense, the references to the Fine Arts are constant in his work, being in some cases the very core of his narrations. We intend to examine how, with a careful and expert language, he presents the reader a picture of the ideal collector and his aesthetic principles throughout the tale "The Assignation."

Grammatical Descriptions in Manchu Grammar Books from the Qing Dynasty

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-55
Author(s):  
Takashi Takekoshi
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Qing Dynasty ◽  
The Qing Dynasty ◽  
Chinese Scholars ◽  
High Degree ◽  
The 19Th Century

In this paper, we analyse features of the grammatical descriptions in Manchu grammar books from the Qing Dynasty. Manchu grammar books exemplify how Chinese scholars gave Chinese names to grammatical concepts in Manchu such as case, conjugation, and derivation which exist in agglutinating languages but not in isolating languages. A thorough examination reveals that Chinese scholarly understanding of Manchu grammar at the time had attained a high degree of sophistication. We conclude that the reason they did not apply modern grammatical concepts until the end of the 19th century was not a lack of ability but because the object of their grammatical descriptions was Chinese, a typical isolating language.

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