scholarly journals Microregional patterns of corporate philanthropy: the role of economic structure and regional determinants

GeoScape ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-35
Author(s):  
Marek Halada ◽  
Jan Ženka
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Firm Size ◽  
Economic Performance ◽  
Industrial Structure ◽  
Corporate Philanthropy ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
Manufacturing Firm ◽  
Positive Effects

AbstractWe aim to describe and explain current differences in the rate of corporate philanthropy (CP) at microregional level. Primary research question is to what extent are microregional patterns of CP affected by determinants at firm and industry-level (firm size, industrial structure, profitability) and to what extent are they shaped by regional contextual factors. Measurement of CP was based on anonymized firm-level data provided by the Ministry of Finance, aggregated at the level of municipalities with extended powers (microregions). We employed a regression model to test the effects of population density, economic performance, specialization, dependence of manufacturing, firm size, traditional values and social capital. Surprisingly, we found no significant effects of firm size and industrial structure on regional CP. Firm’s profitability was the most important predictor. We found also positive effects of population density and religiosity and negative relationship between CP and regional economic performance. Despite initial expectations higher rate of CP was not found in rural regions.

scholarly journals A Cross-country Study of the Effects of Institutional Ownership on Credit Ratings

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 80 ◽  
Author(s):  
AlHares A. ◽  
Ntim C. G.
Keyword(s):  
Financial Crisis ◽  
Firm Size ◽  
Global Financial Crisis ◽  
Credit Ratings ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Institutional Ownership ◽  
Control Variables ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
Anglo American ◽  
The Relationship

A considerable number of studies have examined the relationship between corporate governance (CG) structures and corporate performance (e.g., Yermack, 1996; Gompers et al., 2003; Beiner et al., 2006; Renders et al., 2010; Ntim et al., 2012; Kumar & Zattoni 2013; Griffin, et al., 2014). In contrast, despite its importance as demonstrated by the recent financial crisis, studies examining why and how a corporation’s CG mechanisms might influence its credit ratings are rare (e.g., Switzer and Wang, 2013;Matthies, 2013; Tran, 2014). This research, therefore, seeks to contribute to the extant literature by exploring the effects of (CG) mechanisms on corporate credit ratings. Specifically, using a sample of 200 firms from 10 OECD countries over ten years covering the pre- and post-2007/08 global financial crisis period from Anglo American (i.e., Australia, Canada, Ireland, UK, and US) and Continental European (i.e., France, Germany, Italy, Japan and Spain) traditions and employing a total of 200 listed companies, this paper hopes to achieve a number of objectives. First, the paper attempted to assess the levels of compliance with, and disclosure of, CG principles contained in the 2004 OECD CG Code in firms from two different traditions: Anglo America and Continental Europe. Second, the paper sought to investigate the relationship between CG mechanisms and credit ratings. These relationships will be explored by employing firm-level CG mechanisms (ownership structures measured by Institutional Ownership) by accounting for firm-level control variables (e.g., firm size, growth, profitability, and leverage) based on a multi-theoretical framework that incorporates insights from agency and legitimacy theories. The findings revealed that there was a strong negative relationship between institutional ownership and credit ratings. From the descriptive analysis, it was shown that institutional owners did not have a very high credit rating. When the control variables were assessed, it was shown that they had a negative influence on the credit ratings with sales growth and leverage and positive significant relationship with firm size, corruption index, power distance and Anglo American countries.

High tech manufacturing: Firm size, industry and population density

1994 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 291-297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ernie Goss ◽  
George S. Vozikis
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Firm Size ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Manufacturing Firm

R&D Productivity and Firm Size in Semiconductors and Pharmaceuticals

2013 ◽  
pp. 92-113
Author(s):  
Burak Dindaroglu
Keyword(s):  
Firm Size ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Average Quality ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
Patent Quality ◽  
Two Measures ◽  
Number Of Citations ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The U.S

Using firm level panel data from the U.S., the authors explore the relationship between firm size and R&D productivity for two important and R&D-intensive industries: Semiconductors and Pharmaceuticals. They employ two measures of a firm’s R&D performance: the number of citations received per patented innovation, and the number of citations received per dollar of R&D expenditures. The former is a measure of the average quality of a firm’s patents, and the latter is a measure of total R&D output obtained per dollar of investments. The authors find that the average quality of patents (citations received per patent) falls with firm size in Pharmaceuticals, but there is no relationship between patent quality and firm size in Semiconductors. Citations received per R&D dollar decrease with size in both industries, which is due to the well-documented negative relationship between patents per R&D and firm size.

Placing Technological Innovation in Globalising China

Urban Studies ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 48 (14) ◽  
pp. 2999-3018 ◽  
Author(s):  
George C. S. Lin ◽  
Cassandra C. Wang ◽  
Yu Zhou ◽  
Yifei Sun ◽  
Yehua Dennis Wei
Keyword(s):  
Technological Innovation ◽  
Capital Investment ◽  
Corporate Strategy ◽  
Industrial Structure ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
Internal Development ◽  
Core Technology ◽  
Ict Industry ◽  
Different Sources

This study critically examines the relevance of the perceived notions of localised production linkages, knowledge spillover and external technology transfer to the experiences of the growth of the ICT industry in China. The research is based on a major firm-level survey conducted in China’s three most important mega urban regions—Beijing, Shanghai-Suzhou and Shenzhen-Dongguan—where the bulk of the Chinese ICT industry is located. The results of the survey showed a distinct landscape of ICT industrial production in which each of the Chinese regions has functioned as the site of capital investment from different sources for different strategic interests. Despite a marked regional variation in ownership, industrial structure, market orientation and technological investment, firms in all regions have invariably reported internal development as the main source of core technology. A negative relationship existed between the level of technological innovation and external orientation in both capital investment and export production. No evidence has been found to verify the hypothesis that a higher level of technological innovation would co-exist with stronger production linkages and knowledge exchanges with both local firms and foreign-invested enterprises. A further analysis of the firms with different technological performance has highlighted the significance of regional setting, ownership, ability of capital mobilisation and corporate strategy and management in the process of technological innovation.

Peranan Negara dalam Liberalisasi Ekonomi Vietnam: Analisis Terhadap Dasar Doi Moi 1986

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhamad Helmy Sabtu ◽  
◽  
Khairul Azman Mohamad Suhaimy ◽  
Nurul Aimi Razali
Keyword(s):  
Gender Equality ◽  
Foreign Investment ◽  
Economic Performance ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Doi Moi ◽  
The People ◽  
Effective Policy ◽  
Economic Landscape

This article analyses the role of state in the policy of economic liberalisation in Vietnam. Doi Moi, which was launched in 1986, is a very influential and effective policy in changing the socio-economic landscape of the people in the country. The results of this study prove that there are positive effects on the increase of foreign investment inflows, the eradication of starvation and unruly poverty, the increase of level of education, the improvement of gender equality and women's rights as well as the sustainability of the environment after Doi Moi is implemented. Through Doi Moi, Vietnam is moving towards a developing country status with good economic performance both at the Southeast Asian and global.

scholarly journals Financial constraint, trust, and export performances: firm-level evidence from Africa

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-23
Author(s):  
Maty Konte ◽  
Gideon Ndubuisi
Keyword(s):  
Financial Constraints ◽  
Interpersonal Trust ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Financial Constraint ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
Country Level ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Enterprise Surveys

Abstract Several existing studies have documented a negative relationship between firm financial constraint and export activities but do not attempt to examine factors that could attenuate this relationship in Africa. In this paper, we examine the effect of financial constraint on exports in Africa and explore how the level of trust in countries where firms are located shapes this relationship. We combine the World Bank Enterprise Surveys with different measures of country-level personal and interpersonal trust computed from the Afrobarometer surveys of 19 African countries. Our results show that financial constraints negatively affect export activities. However, this negative effect is attenuated for firms that are located in trust-intensive societies. These findings are robust to different specifications. Interestingly, we find that small and medium-sized enterprises in Africa are more likely to be affected by financial constraints but also more likely to benefit from a higher level of both personal and interpersonal trust, while for larger firms only interpersonal trust matters.

scholarly journals THE IDEAL DISTRIBUTION OF FARMERS: EXPLAINING THE EURO-AMERICAN SETTLEMENT OF UTAH

2017 ◽  
Vol 83 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter M. Yaworsky ◽  
Brian F. Codding
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Ideal Free Distribution ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Coarse Grained ◽  
Distribution Model ◽  
Test Model ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Fine Grain ◽  
Model Predictions ◽  
The Ideal

Explaining how and why populations settle a new landscape is central to many questions in American archaeology. Recent advances in settlement research have adopted predictions from the Ideal Free Distribution model (IFD). While tests of IFD predictions to date rely either on archaeologically derived coarse-grained diachronic data or ethnographically derived fine-grained synchronic data, here we provide the first test using historically derived data that is both fine-grained and diachronic. Fine-grain diachronic data allow us to test model predictions at a temporal scale in line with human settlement decisions and to validate proxies for application in archaeological contexts. To test model predictions pertaining to the relationship between population density and habitat quality, we use data from the historical settlement of Utah. The results demonstrate a negative relationship between population density and the quality of habitats occupied. These results are consistent with IFD predictions, suggesting that Euro-American settlement of Utah resulted from individuals attempting to maximize individual returns via agricultural productivity. Our results provide a quantitative and testable explanation for population dispersion over time and explain the spatial distribution of population density today. The results support predictions derived from a general theory of behavior, providing an explanatory framework for colonization events worldwide.

scholarly journals The Role of Relationships at Work and Happiness: A Moderated Moderated Mediation Study of New Zealand Managers

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 3443 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jarrod Haar ◽  
Anja Schmitz ◽  
Annamaria Di Fabio ◽  
Urs Daellenbach
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Interpersonal Relationships ◽  
Firm Size ◽  
Meaningful Work ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Moderated Mediation ◽  
Mediation Effect ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
Employee Happiness

Interpersonal relationships at work are important especially for the well-being of employees. The present study tests Positive Relational Management (PRM) and its influence on employee happiness, and we include two firm-level moderators and an individual-level mediator to better understand the potential complexity of effects. Importantly, we test this in the context of New Zealand, which has been under-represented in employee studies of happiness and is important due to a growing national interest in wellbeing. We test whether positive relationships at work shape greater meaningful work (MFW) and this then influences happiness and mediates the effects of PRM. We also include Human Capital (the quality of people inside the firm) and firm size as moderators and combine these all to test a moderated moderated mediation model in PROCESS. We test this on a sample of 302 New Zealand managers with time-separated data. We confirm the dimensionality and reliability of the PRM scale and find it is positively related to MFW and happiness, while MFW fully mediates the direct effect of PRM. We find interaction effects including a moderated moderated mediation effect, with the indirect effect of PRM differing depending on firm size and the strength of human capital. The implications for understanding the importance of relationships on employee happiness is discussed.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document