scholarly journals Determinants of youth unemployment in Uganda: The role of gender, education, residence, and age

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abel Egessa ◽  
John Bosco Nnyanzi ◽  
James Muwanga
Keyword(s):  
Urban Youth ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Household Head ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Youth Unemployment ◽  
National Bureau ◽  
Male Youth ◽  
Post Secondary ◽  
Gender Education

Abstract Youth unemployment in Uganda increased from 12.7% in 2012/13 to 13.3 in 2016/17, despite a decline in the overall national unemployment rate from 11.1% to 9.2%. This poses serious development challenges, particularly to the ongoing efforts to poverty reduction. The main objective of the current study is to examine the extent to which gender, education, residence, and age determine youth unemployment in Uganda. Using recent data from the Uganda National Household Survey 2016/17 collected by the Uganda National Bureau of Statistics, we obtained a sample of 5,912 respondents for the ages between 18 years and 30 years. The main findings based on a binary logistic regression approach, reveal that education, gender, residence, and age are all critical in driving youth unemployment. The Ugandan youth who has some level of education is more likely to be unemployed compared to those with no education. But the youth that attended post-secondary education is associated with the highest unemployment probability followed by those with secondary school education and finally by primary education. While an increase in age appears to increase youth unemployment for females, the married youth have less chances of being unemployed compared to the unmarried youth. Moreover, as the probability of being unemployed reduces for the married youth, being divorced increases that probability. Similarly, the male youth are found more likely to be unemployed than their female counterparts. Additionally, the urban youth increased their chances of unemployment compared to the rural ones. Likewise, males are far more likely to remain in unemployment relative to females, just as living in the northern, eastern, or western region as a youth is less risky in terms of unemployment compared to living in the central region. On the other hand, whereas the education level of the household head is not important for youth unemployment, the marital status and gender of the household head are critical. The indirect effects of education, gender, residence, and age are clearly notable. Implications for policy and research are drawn.

scholarly journals Correlates of human capital expenditure among rural households in Nigeria

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 (335) ◽  
pp. 41-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oluwakemi Adeola Obayelu ◽  
Ayodeji Ojo ◽  
Olamide Oladoyin
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Capital Expenditure ◽  
Rural Households ◽  
Household Head ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Educational Interventions ◽  
National Bureau ◽  
Access To Education ◽  
Heckman Selection Model ◽  
Rural Nigeria

Abstract Human capital development is increasingly gaining policy relevance especially with the implementation of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). This study examined the correlates of human capital expenditure in rural Nigeria. General Household Survey dataset collected by the National Bureau of Statistics was used for this study. Descriptive statistical tools, principal components analysis and the Heckman selection model were used to analyse relevant data. The study found majority of the households were male-headed, with an average size of 7 people. In terms of access to education, 62.1% of the surveyed households had access to education and spent an average of NGN 12,570.56 on education. The age of household head, access to loans, marital status and household size were the correlates of human capital expenditure in rural Nigeria. Also, school fees and registration accounted for 41.2% of households’ expenditure on education. The study found paucity of funds, low priority placed on education and low interest were the main constraints to human capital expenditure. The study recommended the design and implementation of pro-poor educational interventions especially for children from rural households. Also, there is the need for government, multilateral organisations and financial institutions to position rural households for financial inclusion.

The nexus between poverty and socio-economic characteristics of the household and household head: Evidence from Sierra Leone

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 53-65
Author(s):  
Abu Bakarr Turay ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Sierra Leone ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Formal Education ◽  
Tertiary Education ◽  
Household Head ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Policy Action ◽  
Extreme Poverty

Household poverty is widespread in Sierra Leone, affecting about 6 out of every 10 persons, which calls for urgent policy action. This study used the 2018 Sierra Leone Integrated Household Survey (2018 SLIHS) and a logistic model to analyze the influence of socio-economic characteristics of the household and household head on poverty. The analysis has shown that living in rural areas, having no formal education, or being unemployed, significantly increases the probability of a household being in extreme poverty. Other factors contributing to household extreme poverty status were: have a large household size with many children below 10 years, being separated from a spouse (widowed or divorced), being disabled, and working in the agriculture sector. On the other hand, the characteristics that decrease the probability of a household being poor include being a female household head, having at least secondary school education (notably tertiary education), residing in urban areas or cities, working in the services sector, and being single or married. Therefore, enhancing service delivery through a viable decentralization process, and supporting easily accessible quality education programmes, especially tertiary education, are critical for meaningful poverty reduction across all sections of the population. Keywords: Poverty, household, socio-economic characteristics, logistics model.

Sources of Income Inequality in Nigeria

2013 ◽  
pp. 66-86
Author(s):  
A. S. Oyekale ◽  
A. I. Adeoti ◽  
T. O. Oyekale
Keyword(s):  
Income Inequality ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Income Redistribution ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
National Bureau ◽  
Income Sources ◽  
Urban Income

Income inequality and poverty in Nigeria are closely related. This chapter analyzes the contributions of income sources and socio-economic factors to income inequality, and estimates the contributions of income redistribution and growth to poverty reduction. Household survey data obtained from the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) are used. Results show that in 2004, income inequality was higher in rural than in urban areas. Wage and non-farm income made the largest contributions to urban income inequality, while agricultural and wage incomes contributed most to rural inequality. Household size, urbanization, and education significantly increased income inequality, while age, paid/salaried jobs, and non-farm enterprises decreased it (p<0.05). Between 1998 and 2004, income redistribution reduced poverty but income growth increased it. The authors therefore recommend that welfare enhancing programs that benefit the poor should be identified and that better economic opportunities should be created for those in rural areas.

Lessons from Georgia’s neoliberal experiment: A rising tide does not necessarily lift all boats

2016 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dimitri Gugushvili
Keyword(s):  
Survey Data ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Economic Reforms ◽  
Social Effects ◽  
Coalition Government ◽  
Reduction Strategy ◽  
Poverty Reduction Strategy ◽  
Household Survey Data

Between 2004 and 2012, Georgia implemented one of the most comprehensive packages of neoliberal economic reforms ever. These reforms have certainly helped to spur growth, but their social effects remain under-researched. To narrow this gap, this article investigates the effects of growth on poverty in Georgia using the official household survey data. The analysis shows that contrary to popular expectations, poverty has decreased only slightly throughout this period and remains high despite a number of progressive measures adopted by a successor coalition government. These findings provide further evidence on the inappropriateness of the neoliberal model as a poverty reduction strategy.

scholarly journals Appraisal of Issues Influencing Soil-Steps Application for Sustainable Farmland Management in High-Potential District, Ethiopia

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 102
Author(s):  
Mehretie Belay
Keyword(s):  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Household Head ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Northwest Ethiopia ◽  
Study Data ◽  
High Potential ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Chi Square Test

Soil damage by moving water is a somber predicament on farmlands in highland Ethiopia. Sizeable number of trial in farmland preservation has been executed to handle the crisis during the last tens of years. However, the attempts have not been vibrant to trim-down the danger to an attractive extent. This paper evaluates factors contributing to application of soil-steps (bunds) as sustainable farmland management technology (SFLMT) by smallholder farmers in one of the high-potential districts of northwest Ethiopia named Dangila Woreda (District). Mixed method triangulation designs involving concurrent acquisition and interpretation of quantitative and qualitative data were used in the study. Data were acquired from randomly chosen 201 farming households during the harvest seasons of 2011 and 2012. Ordered questionnaire, participatory field observation, key informant interview and focus group discussion were mechanisms employed during the data acquisition. Descriptive statistics (means, standard deviations and percentiles), Chi-square test, t-test and the binary logistic regression model were used to analyze the quantitative data. The qualitative information was textually narrated to augment the quantitative results. Findings of the investigation confirm that age of the household head, the number of household members, slope of the farmland, the size of the farmland held, households’ participation in indigenous labour-sharing activities and the number of farm tools owned were significantly increasing the building of soil-steps as SFLMT in the study district. Involvement in off-farm activities and pest invasions were considerably hindering farmers from building soil-steps on their farmlands. The results in general indicated that households’ access to livelihood assets are key promoters for farmers’ implementation of soil-steps on their farmlands. Local resource preservation and improvement trials should thus ponder on convalescing farmers’ material endowments to improve their capability to use soil-steps as SFLMT in their farming activities.

scholarly journals Poverty Eradication in Nigeria: A Focus on National Poverty Eradication Programme in Abia State, 2001- 2013

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 105
Author(s):  
Greene Ifeanyi Eleagu
Keyword(s):  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Youth Unemployment ◽  
Poverty Line ◽  
Poverty Eradication ◽  
Eradication Programme ◽  
Financial Flows ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Broad Objective ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Huge Challenge

Poverty has been a huge challenge to Nigeria for a long time as majority of Nigerians live below poverty line. Successive civilian and military governments in Nigeria agreed on the need to eradicate or alleviate this ugly situation. In an attempt to ameliorate the situation, they introduced a number of schemes and programmes. The apparent failure of the various schemes and programmes and the resultant citizen discontent led to the creation of the National Poverty Eradication Programme, NAPEP, in all the states of the federation and the Federal Capital Territory. The broad objective of the study was to empirically evaluate the impact of NAPEP towards poverty eradication in Abia state, through the provision of youth employment. The structuralfunctionalist theory was adopted with an interrogation of relevant documents on financial flows, projects and programmes. The findings suggest that youth unemployment was pervasive. Again, the poverty reduction or alleviation efforts were fraught with corruption. To correct these, the work recommended disbursing monies to beneficiaries through banks. It also suggested, among others, that future efforts should be rural-centred, instead of urban-centred.

scholarly journals HIGHER EDUCATION AND THE GROWTH OF MENIAL JOBS

2016 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-20
Author(s):  
Łukasz Albański
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Young People ◽  
Liberal Arts ◽  
Youth Unemployment ◽  
Post Secondary ◽  
Technical Requirements ◽  
Iron Cage ◽  
Graduate Unemployment ◽  
Almost All ◽  
University Degree

Young people are confronting a world in which they may not achieve economic strides their parents did. Almost all will have been awarded university degree, worth far less (in the terms and conditions of their employment) than that of their parents, if they themselves graduated from university. In the article the author discusses the relationship between higher education and stratification. The concepts of meritocracy and credentialism are considered and a particular attention is paid to an equal/unequal access to education dilemma. Discussed is why a liberal arts education is losing ground and why it is being made a scapegoat for graduate unemployment. Does the nightmare of Weber’s “iron cage of rationalization” come true and is the contemporary university in the service of an economic order with all the related technical requirements of machine production? In the second part of the article the role of meritocratic discourse and educational credential inflation is considered as well as the growth of menial jobs for young people as a case in Poland. Key words: education at post-secondary level, liberal arts, youth unemployment, inequality, Poland.

scholarly journals Analysis of Household Energy Use and CO2 Emission using Environmental Kuznets Curve

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 343-350
Author(s):  
Y. B. Maina ◽  
A. B. Egbedimame ◽  
B. G. Kyari
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Household Head ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emission ◽  
Kuznets Curve ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
National Bureau ◽  
Liquefied Petroleum Gas ◽  
Household Energy ◽  
Household Energy Use

This study examined the environmental Kuznet’s curve based on the household energy use and pollution of carbon dioxide in Nigeria as a means of identifying efficient energy for a sustainable environment. Secondary data sets obtained from National Bureau of Statistics on the General Household Survey (2010-11, 2012-13, 2015-16 and 2018-19) were utilized. The study employed descriptive statistics, Consumer Lifestyle Approach and the Econometric specification for income-pollution models. The result showed that the use of diesel and kerosene were declining over the years while Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG), electricity and petrol recorded an increasing pattern. However, charcoal and fuelwood usage experienced some decline for the first three years of the survey and rose in 2019. The results also revealed that the total of 105674, 76329, 70006 and 47586 kg of carbon dioxide were emitted monthly based on the four data sets used respectively. With a total of 296064 and 303037 kg for rural and urban households respectively and on the average a household emits a total of 19 kg of carbon dioxide. With regards to the pollution-income relationship, the coefficients of income(y), (y2) and (y3) were all negative, although significant at 1% levels. Indicating that the Kuznets hypothesis was partially applicable to the Nigerian households, while educational level and sex were found to be negative but significant at 1% levels. On the contrary, the family size was positive and significant at 1% level but age of the household head was insignificant determinant of carbon dioxide emission. The paper recommended that the Nigeria government should improve electricity supply, LPG and the income of the households.

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