scholarly journals An automated microinfiltrometer to measure small-scale soil water infiltration properties

2014 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 248-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennis C. Gordon ◽  
Paul D. Hallett
Keyword(s):  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Bubble Formation ◽  
Glass Tube ◽  
Infiltration Rate ◽  
Sandy Loam Soil ◽  
Water Infiltration ◽  
Water Volume ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Loam Soil

Abstract We developed an automated miniature constant-head tension infiltrometer that measures very small infiltration rates at millimetre resolution with minimal demands on the operator. The infiltrometer is made of 2.9 mm internal radius glass tube, with an integrated bubbling tower to maintain constant negative head and a porous mesh tip to avoid air-entry. In the bubbling tower, bubble formation and release changes the electrical resistance between two electrodes at the air-inlet. Tests were conducted on repacked sieved sands, sandy loam soil and clay loam soil, packed to a soil bulk density ρd of 1200 kg m-3 or 1400 kg m-3 and tested either air-dried or at a water potential ψ of -50 kPa. The change in water volume in the infiltrometer had a linear relationship with the number of bubbles, allowing bubble rate to be converted to infiltration rate. Sorptivity measured with the infiltrometer was similar between replicates and showed expected differences from soil texture and ρd, varying from 0.15 ± 0.01 (s.e.) mm s-1/2 for 1400 kg m-3 clay loam at ψ = -50 kPa to 0.65 ± 0.06 mm s-1/2 for 1200 kg m-3 air dry sandy loam soil. An array of infiltrometers is currently being developed so many measurements can be taken simultaneously.

Small-scale heterogeneity in carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide and methane production from aggregates of a cultivated sandy-loam soil

2008 ◽  
Vol 40 (9) ◽  
pp. 2468-2473 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin K. Sey ◽  
Ameur M. Manceur ◽  
Joann K. Whalen ◽  
Edward G. Gregorich ◽  
Philippe Rochette
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Methane Production ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Sandy Loam Soil ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Scale Heterogeneity ◽  
Loam Soil

Leaching and mobility of carbofuran from granular and alginate controlled release formulations

2000 ◽  
Vol 134 (4) ◽  
pp. 405-412 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. S. MAREI ◽  
H. R. SOLTAN ◽  
A. MOUSA ◽  
A. KHAMIS
Keyword(s):  
Controlled Release ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Soil Column ◽  
Sandy Loam Soil ◽  
Flooded Soil ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Sandy Clay Loam ◽  
Sandy Clay ◽  
Controlled Release Formulations ◽  
Loam Soil

Controlled release (CR) formulations can significantly influence the fate of carbofuran in the environment. The influence of three alginate-encapsulated CR formulations compared with the granular formulation (G10%) on the mobility of carbofuran in sandy clay loam soil and sandy loam soil was investigated. In flooded soil the leaching potential of the three alginate controlled release formulations tested was decreased more than nine times (not more than 3%) compared with the G10% (28%). Most of the released carbofuran was confined to the top 0–5 cm of the soil column followed by the second 5–10 cm layer and the least was found in the fourth section (15–20 cm). The data obtained for a sandy loam soil irrigated by drip irrigation showed that the greatest proportion of carbofuran leached through the columns was from the G10% (52%) compared with 3–4% from CR formulations over a 30-day period. The carbofuran concentrations found in different soil depths showed similar trends to those for the flooded soil. Based on the residue levels recorded within the 20 cm depth, the relative retention ratio of carbofuran in sandy clay loam versus sandy loam soil was 1·2[ratio ]1 for the controlled release formulations and 1·9[ratio ]1 for the G10%.

Acetylene reduction by non-symbiotic bacteria in artificial soil aggregates amended with glucose

1974 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 877-881 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. I. Mayfield ◽  
R. L. Aldworth
Keyword(s):  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Soil Aggregates ◽  
Peripheral Zone ◽  
Sandy Loam Soil ◽  
Artificial Soil ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Sandy Clay Loam ◽  
Sandy Clay ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Soil Activity

The C2H2-reduction assay was used to study the activity of non-symbiotic N2-fixing bacteria in glucose-amended artificial soil aggregates prepared from a sandy clay loam and a sandy loam soil. Anaerobic incubation under nitrogen resulted in significantly higher rates and greater total quantities of C2H2 reduction than did incubation in air. In the sandy clay loam soil activity under both incubation conditions was due to anaerobic N2-fixing bacteria, whereas in the sandy loam soil aerobic N2-fixing bacteria also proliferated in the aggregates. Direct observation of sectioned aggregates by fluorescence microscopy showed that peripheral zone 1 mm thick sup ported the growth of aerobic microorganisms. The anaerobic microsites in the interior of the aggregates were well protected since disruption procedures involving vigorous shaking with aerated water were required to allow O2 to penetrate and inhibit the anaerobic activity.

Effect of Commonly used Turfgrass Herbicides on Bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon) Root Growth

Weed Science ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 641-647 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederick M. Fishel ◽  
G. Euel Coats
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Sandy Loam Soil ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Soil Layers ◽  
Sandy Clay Loam ◽  
Fine Sandy Loam ◽  
Sandy Clay ◽  
Loam Soil

Experiments were conducted in 1990 and 1991 to determine bioavailability of PRE herbicides at three soil profile depths and two soil types in established common bermudagrass sods. Prodiamine and oryzalin reduced ‘Tifgreen’ bermudagrass root growth in the 5- to 7.5-cm layer of a Bosket very fine sandy loam soil at 2 and 4 wk after treatment in 1991. These herbicides decreased bermudagrass root weight in both the Bosket and Marietta sandy clay loam both years in samples taken from the 2.5- to 5-cm depth layer. In the 0- to 2.5-cm soil layer, all herbicides reduced root weight in 1990. In a bioassay, prodiamine caused decreased Tifgreen bermudagrass root growth at concentrations as low as 4 ppb by wt in the very fine sandy loam soil, while 8 ppb was necessary in the sandy clay loam soil. Prodiamine was detected in the very fine sandy loam at 4 wk after treatment at all depths in 1991 (65, 45, and 39 ppb in the 0- to 2.5-, 2.5- to 5-, and 5- to 7.5-cm soil layers, respectively). Oryzalin was also detected at all depths in 1991 when sampled at 2 and 4 wk after treatment in the very fine sandy loam. Pendimethalin was present in concentrations of 38, 39, and 37 ppb in the sandy clay loam at 2 wk after treatment in the 0- to 2.5-, 2.5- to 5-, and the 5- to 7.5-cm soil layers, respectively. Pendimethalin was also detected in the very fine sandy loam at 2 wk after treatment at concentrations of 55, 69, and 36 ppb in the 0- to 2.5-, 2.5- to 5-, and 5- to 7.5-cm soil layers, respectively.

scholarly journals INFLUÊNCIA DA APLICAÇÃO DE VINHAÇA NA CAPACIDADE DE INFILTRAÇÃO DE UM SOLO DE TEXTURA FRANCO ARENOSA

Irriga ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 344-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandre Barcellos Dalri ◽  
Glauco Eduardo Pereira Cortez ◽  
Luis Guilherme Senarese Riul ◽  
Jairo Augusto Campos Araújo ◽  
Raimundo Leite Cruz
Keyword(s):  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Infiltration Rate ◽  
Water Infiltration ◽  
Infiltration Capacity ◽  
Rate Estimate ◽  
Erosion Risk ◽  
Soil Water Infiltration ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Horton Model

Este trabalho teve como objetivo estudar o efeito da aplicação de diferentes lâminas de vinhaça na infiltração de água no solo e verificar a adequação dos modelos de Horton e Kostiakov-Lewis na estimativa da taxa de infiltração. Os tratamentos corresponderam à aplicação de cinco doses de vinhaça (0, 200, 250, 300 e 350 m3.ha-1). A aplicação de vinhaça propiciou uma redução da taxa de infiltração básica do respectivo solo em estudo, causando efeito negativo para essa característica, pois, eleva o risco de erosão do solo e majora a possibilidade do escoamento superficial. O modelo de Horton propiciou o melhor ajuste sobre os dados observados, e o modelo de Kostiakov-Lewis superestimou os valores da taxa de infiltração.   UNITERMOS: vinhaça, infiltração, solo.     DALRI, A.B.; CORTEZ, G.E.P.; RIUL, L.G.S.; ARAÚJO, J.A.C.; CRUZ, R.L. VINASSE APPLICATION INFLUENCE ON INFILTRATION CAPACITY OF SANDY LOAM SOIL     2 ABSTRACT   The objective of this study was to analyze effects in different depth in soil water infiltration and to verify the Horton and Kostiakov-Lewis models adequacy in infiltration rate estimate. The treatments were five doses of vinasse (0, 200, 250, 300 and 350 m³.ha¹). The vinasse application reduced the soil erosion risk increasing the possibility of runoff. The Horton model had the best adjustment on the observed data, and the Kostiakov-Lewis model overestimated the infiltration rate values.   KEYWORDS: vinasse, infiltration, soil.

Persistence of Chlorsulfuron and BAY SMY 1500 in Air Dry Soil at Room Temperature

1993 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-32
Author(s):  
Birhanu Kinfe ◽  
Thomas F. Peeper
Keyword(s):  
Room Temperature ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Sandy Loam Soil ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Clay Loam Soil ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Dry Soil

Persistence of BAY SMY 1500 and chlorsulfuron during storage for 0 to 6 mo at room temperature in air-dry clay loam soil with pH 7.6 and sandy loam soil with pH 6.6 was determined with conventional wheat bioassay procedures. BAY SMY 1500 had predicted half-lives greater than 6 mo in both soils. Half-lives of chlorsulfuron were 6.0 and 3.2 mo in the clay loam soil and sandy loam soil, respectively.

scholarly journals Early potato cultivation using synthetic and biodegradable covers

2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 97-103
Author(s):  
Marek Kołodziejczyk ◽  
Andrzej Oleksy ◽  
Bogdan Kulig ◽  
Andrzej Lepiarczyk
Keyword(s):  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Synthetic Polymers ◽  
Woven Fabrics ◽  
Sandy Loam Soil ◽  
Silty Clay ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Clay Loam Soil ◽  
Silty Clay Loam ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Full Maturity

The cultivation of plants under the covers made of synthetic polymers brings many benefits, however, it is associated with the need to utilize or recycle these materials after the period of their use. Such problems are not caused by the covers made of natural polymers. The aim of the study carried out in the years 2013–2014 was to determine an effect of covers made of biopolymers and synthetic polymers on thermal conditions and potato yield. Field study was carried out under sandy loam and silty clay loam soils conditions. The temperature of silty clay loam soil under the covers was on average by 2.9°C higher than in the unprotected area, whereas sandy loam soil had the temperature higher by 2.5°C under biodegradable foil and by 2.7°C under standard foil. Temperature increase under non-woven fabrics was lower than under foils. The highest increase in marketable tuber yield after 40 days from emergence and in full maturity of potato plants was found after at application of standard non-woven fabric P17 (7.2 and 7.4 t/ha, respectively) and the lowest, i.e., 3.0 and 3.4 t/ha, respectively, under biodegradable foil. Cover type had no effect on the number of tubers formed on the first harvest date, whereas a significantly higher number of tubers was recorded in the full maturity of plants in the year characterized by a longer growing period of potato under non-woven P17 on sandy loam soil, and under biodegradable foil on silty clay loam soil conditions. A significant influence of cover on the average tuber weight on the first harvest date was found only on sandy loam soil under non-woven fabrics in 2013, as compared to full maturity of plants under biodegradable covers on sandy loam soil in 2013 and on silty clay loam soil under all covers in 2014.

Dissipation and Leaching of Pyroxasulfone andS-Metolachlor

2014 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric P. Westra ◽  
Dale L. Shaner ◽  
Philip H. Westra ◽  
Phillip L. Chapman
Keyword(s):  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Sandy Loam Soil ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Clay Loam Soil ◽  
Fine Sandy Loam ◽  
Northern Colorado ◽  
Fine Clay ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Dry Soil

Pyroxasulfone dissipation and mobility in the soil was evaluated and compared toS-metolachlor in 2009 and 2010 at two field sites in northern Colorado, on a Nunn fine clay loam, and Olney fine sandy loam soil. Pyroxasulfone dissipation half-life (DT50) values varied from 47 to 134 d, and those ofS-metolachlor ranged from 39 to 63 d. Between years, herbicide DT50values were similar under the Nunn fine clay loam soil. Under the Olney fine sandy loam soil, dissipation in 2009 was minimal under dry soil conditions. In 2010, under the Olney fine sandy loam soil,S-metolachlor and pyroxasulfone had half-lives of 39 and 47 d, respectively, but dissipation rates appeared to be influenced by movement of herbicides below 30 cm. Herbicide mobility was dependent on site-year conditions, in all site-years pyroxasulfone moved further downward in the soil profile compared toS-metolachlor.

scholarly journals Infiltration Rate of a Sandy Loam Soil: Effects of Traffic, Tillage, and Plant Roots

1992 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 908-913 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. D. Meek ◽  
E. R. Rechel ◽  
L. M. Carter ◽  
W. R. DeTar ◽  
A. L. Urie
Keyword(s):  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Infiltration Rate ◽  
Sandy Loam Soil ◽  
Plant Roots ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Soil Effects
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