scholarly journals Changes in Lake Rotcze catchment over the last 200 years: implications for lake development reconstruction

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 197-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grzegorz Andrzej Kowalewski
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Reference Conditions ◽  
Oak Forest ◽  
Cultivated Land ◽  
Large Fragment ◽  
Environmental Sciences ◽  
Agricultural Use ◽  
Lake Catchment ◽  
The Village

AbstractBased on archival cartographic sources, teledetection materials, and research results in the scope of history and environmental sciences, changes occurring in the catchment of Lake Rotcze and its close vicinity over the last two hundred years were analysed. The area of the catchment is dominated by moderately fertile minerogenic soils on which forest assemblages developed (poor hornbeamoak forest Tilio-Carpinetum and thermophilous oak forest Potentillo albae-Quercetum). The first trace of anthropopressure was a clearing at the southern shore of the lake, for agricultural use, established not later than at the turn of the 17th and 18th century. The forests were almost completely cleared in the first quarter of the 20th century, and transformed into cultivated land of the village of Grabniak. A large fragment of the catchment is occupied by peatlands, constituting the final stage of lake-peatland succession developed in the former bay of fossil Lake Uściwierskie of which Lake Rotcze constitutes the remains. During the 20th century, the peatlands were intensively drained. This resulted in their overdrying, and growing over with bushes and marshy forests. In the 20th century, Grabniak was an agricultural village. Over the last 25 years, it has turned into a recreation resort. The relatively short agricultural and settlement activity in the lake catchment, in comparison with other parts of Poland, makes the lake appropriate for palaeolimnological reconstruction in terms of looking for reference conditions (sensu WFD).

scholarly journals An Asymmetric Axe from the Collections of the Tobolsk Museum-Reserve

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 105-115
Author(s):  
Igor V. Balyunov
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Forest Industry ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
15Th Century ◽  
Modern Period ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Village ◽  
Functional Purpose

Purpose. Among its collections, the Tobolsk Museum-reserve keep an axe, which was an accidental find. The purpose of this publication is to introduce the presented sample into scientific circulation, as well as to complete the description of the find, establish its functional purpose, chronology and determine its place of production. Upon admission to the museum, it was identified as a combat weapon and tentatively dated to the 17th century. Results. The axe has a wide blade which extends downwards, covered with a notched ornament. An important feature is its asymmetric cross-section, where one of the sides is flat and the other is convex. Similar axes found in Siberia are often defined as battle axes, however this definition is incorrect. Currently, no Tobolsk axe prototypes are known to have been found on the territory of the Moscow state, however asymmetric axes are known to have been used, in particular, in Eastern Europe, since at least the 15th century. According to some authors, asymmetric axes are specialized tools for carpentry and joinery. This definition is most reliably justified in the publication of Polish researcher M. Glosek. This point of view is convincingly confirmed by the catalogues of Eastern European metalworking plants of the first half of the 20th century. The definition of long-bladed asymmetric axes as a combat weapon is based, as a rule, on random finds with unknown dating. More proof can be found by their absence in the materials of archaeological excavations. Conclusion. It can be assumed that asymmetric axes were imported to Russia between the Modern Period up to ethnographic modernity. One of the most likely producers is the Transcarpathian plant in the village of Kobyletskaya Polyana, which specialized in the manufacture of tools for the forest industry and had a fairly wide market. The widest possible period when Transcarpathian axes could be imported into Russia is no earlier than the end of the 18th century, and not later than the middle of the 20th century.

LITERARY ROMANTICISM AS A THEORETICAL ISSUE

2020 ◽  
pp. 19-27
Author(s):  
Vera V. Serdechnaia ◽  
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Conceptual Analysis ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Theoretical Concept ◽  
Historical Research ◽  
Theoretical Issue ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Literary Process ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject

The article is devoted to the analysis of the concept of literary romanticism. The research aims at a refinement of the “romanticism” concept in relation to the history of the literary process. The main research methods include conceptual analysis, textual analysis, comparative historical research. The author analyzes the semantic genesis of the term “romanticism”, various interpretations of the concept, compares the definitions of different periods and cultures. The main results of the study are as follows. The history of the term “romanticism” shows a change in a number of definitions for the same concept in relation to the same literary phenomena. By the end of the 20th century, realizing the existence of significant contradictions in the content of the term “romanticism”, researchers often come to abandon it. At the same time, the steady use of the term “romanticism” testifies to the subject-conceptual component that exists in it, which does not lose its relevance, but just needs a theoretical refinement. Conclusion: one have to revise an approach to romanticism as a theoretical concept, based on the change in the concept of an individual in Europe at the end of the 18th century. It is the newly discovered freedom of an individual predetermines the rethinking for the image of the author as a creator and determines the artistic features of literary romanticism.

"HOW PUISSANT HIS MIRACLES ARE!" CONNECTIONS BETWEEN THE BIBLICAL NARRATIVE AND THE FOLK STORIES ABOUT THE RIBNITZER REBBE

2020 ◽  
pp. 40-67
Author(s):  
Natalya M. Kireeva ◽  
◽  
Maria M. Kaspina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Biblical Narrative ◽  
Jewish Culture ◽  
Folk Stories

The article focuses on legends about miracles in Judaism. Particular attention is paid to miracles in the context of the early Biblical period of the prophets and modern Hasidism; similarities in motives and plots are found between the narratives of different times. The authors analyze in detail two 20th-century plots about miracles related to Chaim Zanvl Abramovich, known as the Ribnitzer Rebbe (1902–1995). The miracles that are told about him have many parallels with the legends about miracles performed by the founder of the Hasidic movement, Israel Baal Shem Tov (BeShT), who lived in the middle of the 18th century. The article reveals a connection between the Biblical and Hasidic miracle stories not only at the level of how the miracle is functioning in Jewish culture in general.

FORMATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF RURAL ARCHITECTURE IN THE FORMER KETSKAYA VOLOST

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 9-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. V. Sitnikova
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
Architectural Analysis ◽  
Tomsk Region ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Rural Architecture ◽  
The Village ◽  
Rich History

The article considers the historical and cultural heritage of villages of the former Ketskaya volost, which is currently a part of the Tomsk region. The formation of Ketsky prison and the architecture of large settlements of the former Ketskaya volost are studied. Little is known about the historical and cultural heritage of villages of the Tomsk region and the problems of preserving historical settlements of the country.The aim of this work is to study the formation and development of the village architecture of the former Ketskaya volost, currently included in the Tomsk region.The following scientific methods are used: a critical analysis of the literature, comparative architectural analysis and systems analysis of information, creative synthesis of the findings. The obtained results can be used in preparation of lectures, reports and communication on the history of the Siberian architecture.The scientific novelty is a study of the historical and cultural heritage of large settlements of the former Ketskaya volost, which has not been studied and published before. The methodological and theoretical basis of the study is theoretical works of historians and architects regarding the issue under study as well as the previous  author’s work in the field.It is found that the historical and cultural heritage of the villages of the former Ketskaya volost has a rich history. Old historical buildings, including religious ones are preserved in villages of Togur and Novoilinka. The urban planning of the villages reflects the design and construction principles of the 18th century. The rich natural environment gives this area a special touch. 

Origine et diffusion des expressions romanes du type jaune paille

2021 ◽  
Vol 133 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-27
Author(s):  
Sara Matrisciano ◽  
Franz Rainer
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
17Th Century ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Romance Languages ◽  
Short Discussion ◽  
Colour Term ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
And Diffusion

All major Romance languages have patterns of the type jaune paille for expressing shades of colour represented by some prototypical object. The first constituent of this pattern is a colour term, while the second one designates a prototypical representative of the colour shade. The present paper starts with a short discussion of the controversial grammatical status of this pattern and its constituents. Its main aim, however, concerns the origin and diffusion of this pattern. We have not found hard and fast evidence that Medieval Italian pigment compounds of the type verderame influenced the rise of the jaune paille pattern, which first appears in French in the 16th century. This pattern continued to be a minority solution during the 17th century, but established itself during the 18th century. In the 19th century, Italian, Spanish and Portuguese adopted the pattern jaune paille, while it did not reach Catalan and Romanian before the 20th century.

Orientalists and Missionaries

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Religious Beliefs ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Early Period ◽  
Indian Literature ◽  
Indian Languages ◽  
Beliefs And Practices ◽  
Hindu Religion ◽  
Colonial Frontier

The best accounts of Hindu religious beliefs and practices to reach Europe before 1800 came overwhelmingly from the pens of missionaries. There are several reasons why this was so. Their missionary task obviously motivated them to attempt to understand Hindu religion even if they ultimately rejected it as a false religion. Beyond this, missionaries were more likely than other Europeans, such as travelers or colonial officials, to spend the bulk of their lives, often several decades, in India. They were more likely to be well-educated, to learn Indian languages, and, especially, to read Indian literature. Although many remained in European coastal enclaves, in the early period they were also much more likely than other Europeans to spend extended periods beyond the colonial frontier, living and working in the hinterland. They were also usually required to give an account of their activities to their superiors in Europe. Their letters and reports are also more likely than those produced by independent travelers (although not colonial officials) to have survived by being preserved in European archives. Although missionary scholarship has continued into the 20th century and even beyond, it was gradually eclipsed by colonial and later professional scholarship from the end of the 18th century. The emphasis here will be on works emerging from the earlier period. Scholarship on missionaries has, until quite recently, been very largely the domain of historians of mission, many of whom were missionaries themselves. This has begun to change as the value of missionary accounts have been more widely recognized, and there has been a welcome shift from the often frankly hagiographic character of earlier secondary scholarship.

scholarly journals Niddrie Marischal: the evolution of an Edinburgh estate from the 13th to the 20th century

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-26
Author(s):  
Thomas Bradley-Lovekin ◽  
Erlend Hindmarch
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Housing Development ◽  
Total Loss ◽  
Late Medieval ◽  
Material Evidence

Archaeological investigations undertaken by AOC Archaeology Group in the grounds of Hunters Hall Park, Niddrie, have revealed material evidence of the Niddrie Estate, the seat of the Wauchopes of Niddrie Marischal from at least 1406. Following the destruction of Niddrie Marischal House in 1959, the estate area was covered by housing development, resulting in the almost total loss of the landscape and setting of the former estate. The excavations recorded features and structures of a now lost 18th-century designed landscape. Additionally, evidence of late medieval and early post-medieval activity that pre-dated the expansion of the Wauchopes' estate was identified.

scholarly journals Mordva-Murza from Bashkiria: The History of Formation and Ethno-cultural Features of Ethnic-Class Community

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 237-248
Author(s):  
Ranus R. Sadikov
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Identity ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Language And Culture ◽  
Republic Of Bashkortostan ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Village ◽  
History Of Formation ◽  
Cultural Features ◽  
Class Community

Introduction. One of the regions of compact settlement of the Mordovian people is the Republic of Bashkortostan. The Mordovian population of the region was formed during the resettlement migration process of the ethnic groups to the Bashkir lands in the 17th and early 20th centuries. There is a small stand-out group of Mordva-Erzya in Bashkiria. They call themselves Murza and they have their own identity. They live in the village of Kozhay-Andreevo in the Tuimazinskiy district and in the village of Kozhay-Maximovo in the Ermekeevskiy district. Materials and Methods. This work attempts to reconstruct the history of formation of the class community of Mordva-Murza and to identify its ethno-cultural features. The study is based on the principle of historicism; the main methods are historical-genetic, comparative-historical, and problematic-chronological. Results. Based on the study of published sources and literature, it is shown the chronology and the main stages of the formation of the Mordva-Murza community in Bashkiria. It was revealed, this community was formed on the basis of a resettlement group of the Mordovian sluzhilye-served people in the 18th century. Field ethnographic materials testify to their ethno-cultural identity. Discussion and Conclusion. Mordva living in the villages under consideration can be defined as a separate ethnic-class community, which has its own identity, self-name, specific linguistic and ethno-cultural characteristics. In their language and culture, it is interweaved both Erzya and Moksha traits. Almost disintegrated in the 1980s the community of the “Kazhay Murzas” began to revive in the year of 2000. The observations show the desire of the inhabitants and natives from these villages to preserve and develop their “Murza language” and traditions.

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