Obesity Factors (Physical Activity and Usual Dietary Pattern) and Breast Cancer in Korea

AbstractIntroduction. This study sought to evaluate the association between obesity factors (food consumption and physical activity) and breast cancer incidence in Korean women.Material and methods. The study included breast cancer patients (250 women) and normal participants undergoing medical checkups (250 women) who visited a specialized cancer research hospital between August 1, 2016 and February 15, 2017. Nutrient intake was assessed using a validated food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) covering 112 dishes and foods that Koreans often eat. Physical activity was assessed according to the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) guidelines and was quantified as metabolic equivalent (MET) scores.Results. The results for nutrient intake obtained using the FFQ showed that the control group had a higher consumption of dietary fiber (p < 0.004) and a lower intake of animal fat (p < 0.02) than the breast cancer group. Among breast cancer patients, pre-menopausal women consumed more animal fat (18.6 g ± 11.9 vs. 14.7 g ± 8.5, p < 0.03) than post-menopausal ones. An analysis of the MET scores with logistic regression revealed that lower physical activity among cancer patients was associated with an increased risk of breast cancer, and this association was greater among post-menopausal (OR = 2.11, p < 0.001) than pre-menopausal women (OR = 0.85, p < 0.02).Conclusion. Having a high-fat diet and doing less exercise increases the risk of breast cancer, so it is important to prevent the accumulation of fat and maintain proper weight through regular physical activity to lower the incidence of breast cancer.

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Inflammatory breast cancer and body mass index.

Journal of Clinical Oncology ◽

10.1200/jco.1998.16.12.3731 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 16 (12) ◽

pp. 3731-3735 ◽

Cited By ~ 68

Author(s):

S Chang ◽

A U Buzdar ◽

S D Hursting

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Body Mass Index ◽

Cancer Patients ◽

Body Mass ◽

Inflammatory Breast Cancer ◽

Menopausal Status ◽

Control Group ◽

Breast Cancer Patients ◽

Increased Risk ◽

High Bmi

PURPOSE No studies have investigated the etiology of inflammatory breast cancer (IBC), the most lethal form of breast cancer. Because high body mass index (BMI) is associated with decreased risk of premenopausal breast cancer but increased risk of postmenopausal breast cancer, we evaluated whether high BMI was a risk factor for IBC. PATIENTS AND METHODS In a case-comparison study, we matched by ethnicity and registration date 68 IBC patients treated at The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center from 1985 to 1996 with 143 patients with non-IBC and 134 patients with cancer at sites other than the breast or reproductive tract (non-breast cancer). The non-breast cancer group was used in lieu of a population-based, healthy control group, which was not available. RESULTS IBC patients were younger at menarche and the time of their first live birth than non-IBC and non-breast cancer patients. The proportion of premenopausal IBC patients was higher than the proportion of premenopausal women in the comparison groups, although differences were not significant. There were no differences in height, but IBC patients were heavier (77.6 kg) than non-IBC (70.0 kg) and non-breast cancer patients (68.0 kg). After adjusting for other factors, women in the highest BMI tertile (BMI > 26.65 kg/m2) relative to the lowest tertile (BMI < 22.27) had significantly increased IBC risk (IBC v non-IBC, odds ratio [OR] = 2.45, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.05 to 5.73; IBC v non-breast cancer, OR = 4.52, 95% CI = 1.85 to 11.04). This association was not significantly modified by menopausal status and was independent of age at menarche, family history of breast cancer, gravidity, smoking status, and alcohol use. CONCLUSION Our investigation showed that high BMI was significantly associated with an increased risk of IBC. This association did not vary by menopausal status, although IBC patients were more likely to be premenopausal. Confirming our findings and identifying other IBC risk factors may provide directions for future research on the aggressive nature of IBC.

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Prevalence and penetrance of breast cancer-associated mutations identified by multiple-gene sequencing in the Women’s Health Initiative.

Journal of Clinical Oncology ◽

10.1200/jco.2019.37.15_suppl.1513 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 37 (15_suppl) ◽

pp. 1513-1513

Author(s):

Allison W. Kurian ◽

Elisha Hughes ◽

Ryan Bernhisel ◽

Katie Larson ◽

Jennifer Lee Caswell-Jin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Women's Health ◽

Cancer Patients ◽

Cancer Susceptibility ◽

Breast Cancer Patients ◽

Women's Health Initiative ◽

Health Initiative ◽

Menopausal Women ◽

Post Menopausal ◽

The Women’S Health Initiative

1513 Background: Next-generation sequencing enables rapid analysis of many inherited cancer susceptibility genes. Little is known about the prevalence and penetrance of pathogenic variants (PVs) in such genes among post-menopausal women with breast cancer, who comprise the majority of all breast cancer patients. Methods: The Women’s Health Initiative enrolled post-menopausal women from 1993-1998. We conducted a nested case-control study using banked DNA samples of 2,195 women who subsequently developed invasive breast cancer (cases) and 2,322 cancer-free controls. Sequenced genes were APC, ATM, BARD1, BMPR1A, BRCA1, BRCA2, BRIP1, CDH1, CDK4, CDKN2A (p16INK4a and p14ARF) , CHEK2, EPCAM, GREM1, MLH1, MSH2, MSH6, MUTYH, NBN, PALB2, PMS2, POLD1, POLE, PTEN, RAD51C, RAD51D, SMAD4, STK11, and TP53. PV were defined using American College of Medical Genetics criteria. PV prevalence is reported as proportions and penetrance as the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of PV versus none among cases versus controls. Results: Among cases, the median age at diagnosis was 73 years; 66% were White, 18% Black, 6% Hispanic, 6% Asian and 4% other. The prevalence of PVs in any gene was significantly higher in cases (6.61%, 95% CI 5.57-7.65%) versus controls (4.09%, 95% CI 3.29-4.90%). The prevalence of BRCA1/2 PVs was 1.2% in cases and 0.22% in controls. Among cases, the prevalence of PVs in other breast cancer-risk genes was 2.3% ( ATM, CDH1, BARD1, BRIP1, CHEK2, NBN, and PALB2 collectively), two-fold higher than PVs in BRCA1/2. Prevalence of BRCA1/2 PVs decreased with age among cases, while prevalence of ATM, CHEK2 and PALB2 PVs did not. Statistically significant ORs for breast cancer penetrance were observed for BRCA1 (5.43, 95% CI 1.19-51.52), BRCA2 (4.71, 95% CI 1.84-15.08), BARD1 (9.78, 95% CI 1.04-1295.87) and PALB2 (6.30, 95% CI 1.93-31.94). Conclusions: Approximately 7% of women diagnosed with post-menopausal breast cancer carry a PV in a cancer susceptibility gene. In contrast to studies of younger breast cancer patients, PVs in other breast cancer-related genes were two times more common than in BRCA1/2. Results may guide genetic testing of women with post-menopausal breast cancer.

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Effects of Scheduled Exercise on Cancer-Related Fatigue in Women with Early Breast Cancer

The Scientific World JOURNAL ◽

10.1155/2014/271828 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Anne Marie Lunde Husebø ◽

Sindre Mikal Dyrstad ◽

Ingvil Mjaaland ◽

Jon Arne Søreide ◽

Edvin Bru

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Physical Activity ◽

Adjuvant Chemotherapy ◽

Cancer Patients ◽

Exercise Intervention ◽

Activity Level ◽

Control Group ◽

Activity Levels ◽

Breast Cancer Patients ◽

Cancer Related Fatigue

While physical activity during cancer treatment is found beneficial for breast cancer patients, evidence indicates ambiguous findings concerning effects of scheduled exercise programs on treatment-related symptoms. This study investigated effects of a scheduled home-based exercise intervention in breast cancer patients during adjuvant chemotherapy, on cancer-related fatigue, physical fitness, and activity level. Sixty-seven women were randomized to an exercise intervention group (n=33, performed strength training 3x/week and 30 minutes brisk walking/day) and a control group (n=34, performed their regular physical activity level). Data collection was performed at baseline, at completion of chemotherapy (Post1), and 6-month postchemotherapy (Post2). Exercise levels were slightly higher in the scheduled exercise group than in the control group. In both groups, cancer-related fatigue increased at Post1but returned to baseline at Post2. Physical fitness and activity levels decreased at Post1but were significantly improved at Post2. Significant differences between intervention and control groups were not found. The findings suggest that generally recommended physical activity levels are enough to relief cancer-related fatigue and restore physical capacity in breast cancer patients during adjuvant chemotherapy, although one cannot rule out that results reflect diminishing treatment side effects over time.

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Can the Six-Minute Walk Test Be Used to Individualize Physical Activity Intensity in Patients with Breast Cancer?

Cancers ◽

10.3390/cancers13225851 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (22) ◽

pp. 5851

Author(s):

Nicole Tubiana-Mathieu ◽

Thibault Cornette ◽

Stephane Mandigout ◽

Sophie Leobon ◽

François Vincent ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Physical Activity ◽

Cancer Patients ◽

Exercise Intensity ◽

Control Group ◽

Breast Cancer Patients ◽

High Positive Correlation ◽

Positive Correlation ◽

Before And After ◽

Good Agreement

Background: Adapted physical activity (APA) aids breast cancer patients. It is necessary to use an adapted target heart rate (HR) when prescribing exercise intensity. Methods: In total, 138 patients previously included in two published randomized clinical trials underwent the CPET and 6MWT before and after adjuvant therapy. Of these patients, 85 had performed APA, and 53 had received only the usual therapy. HRs were recorded during the two tests. Results: Before starting chemotherapy, good agreement (intraclass correlation (ICC) 0.69; confidence interval at 95% IC0.95 (0.591–0.769); p < 0.001) and a moderate correlation were evident between the 6MWT-HR and ventilatory threshold HR of the CPET (r = 0.70; p < 0.001). Good agreement and a high positive correlation were noted only in the group who engaged in APA (ICC 0.77; IC0.95 (0.659–0.848); p < 0.001; r = 0.8; p < 0.01); moderate agreement and a moderate positive correlation were apparent in the control group (ICC 0.57; IC0.95 (0.329–0.74); p < 0.001; r = 0.6; p < 0.01). The correlations were independent of age and body mass index. Conclusions: The 6MWT-HR can be used to prescribe exercise intensity for breast cancer patients both before and after specific treatment with concomitant APA.

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On the possibility of an increased risk of breast cancer in patients who underwent breast surgeries for benign diseases

Kazan medical journal ◽

10.17750/kmj2015-316 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 96 (3) ◽

pp. 316-321 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

I V Klyushkin ◽

D V Pasynkov ◽

O V Busygina ◽

O O Pasynkova

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Cancer Patients ◽

Breast Surgery ◽

Control Group ◽

Breast Cancer Patients ◽

Primary Analysis ◽

Surgical Interventions ◽

Sample Group ◽

Long Term Study ◽

Increased Risk

Aim. Assessment of risk of breast cancer secondary to earlier breast surgery for benign disease.Methods. The initial sample group of breast cancer included 295 patients who were followed up for 2006-2010. The final sample group of breast cancer (for primary analysis) was formed from this group and included 204 patients in order to provide accurate comparison with the control group on factors affecting the breast surgery probability for benign processes for life and on the lifetime risk for breast cancer. The control group included 1141 patients. The rate of surgical interventions for benign breast diseases was compared in the breast cancer group for primary analysis and the control group.Results. The rate of surgical interventions was significantly higher in breast cancer patients: (7.35 vs. 3.94% in the control group): odds ratio for breast cancer patients was 1.137; 95% confidence interval 0.981-1.318 (p=0.03). Duration of the gap between the initial surgical and subsequent development of breast cancer on operated side was 20.05±11.373 years (variation range - 8 to 54 years).Conclusion. Performed breast surgery might increase the risk of future developing breast cancer; however, a long-term study is needed to confirm these data.

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Effect of Estradiol as a Continuous Variable on Breast Cancer Survival by Menopausal Status: a Cohort Study in China

10.21203/rs.3.rs-923834/v2 ◽

2022 ◽

Author(s):

Junxian Li ◽

Chenyang Li ◽

Ziwei Feng ◽

Luyang Liu ◽

Liwen Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Menopausal Status ◽

Continuous Variable ◽

Cox Proportional Hazards ◽

Cancer Prognosis ◽

Breast Cancer Patients ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Menopausal Women ◽

Survival Endpoints ◽

Post Menopausal

Abstract High levels of circulating estradiol (E2) are associated with increased risk of breast cancer, whereas its relationship with breast cancer prognosis is still unclear. We evaluated the effect of E2 concentration on survival endpoints among 8766 breast cancer cases diagnosed between 2005 and 2017 from the Tianjin Breast Cancer Cases Cohort. Levels of serum E2 were measured in pre-menopausal and post-menopausal women. Multivariable-adjusted Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) between quartile of E2 levels and overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) of breast cancer. The penalized spline was then used to test for non-linear relationships between E2 (continuous variable) and survival endpoints. 612 deaths and 982 progressions occurred over follow-up through 2017. Compared to women in the quartile 3, the highest quartile of E2 was associated with reduced risk of both PFS in pre-menopausal women (HR=1.79, 95% CI: 1.17-2.75, P=0.008) and OS in post-menopausal women (HR=1.35, 95% CI: 1.04-1.74, P=0.023). OS and PFS in pre-menopausal women exhibited a nonlinear relation (“L-shaped” and “U-shaped”, respectively) with E2 levels. However, there was a linear relationship in post-menopausal women. Moreover, patients with estrogen receptor-negative (ER-negative) breast cancer showed a “U-shaped” relationship with OS and PFS in pre-menopausal women. Pre-menopausal breast cancer patients have a plateau stage of prognosis at the intermediate concentrations of E2, whereas post-menopausal patients have no apparent threshold, and ER status may have an impact on this relationship.

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Effect of Estradiol as a Continuous Variable on Breast Cancer Survival by Menopausal Status: A Cohort Study in China

10.21203/rs.3.rs-923834/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Junxian Li ◽

Chenyang Li ◽

Ziwei Feng ◽

Luyang Liu ◽

Liwen Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Cancer Survival ◽

Menopausal Status ◽

Continuous Variable ◽

Breast Cancer Survival ◽

Cancer Prognosis ◽

Breast Cancer Patients ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Menopausal Women ◽

Post Menopausal

Abstract BackgroundHigh levels of circulating estradiol (E2) are associated with increased risk of breast cancer, whereas its relationship with breast cancer prognosis is still unclear. We studied the effect of E2 concentration on breast cancer survival among pre- menopausal and post- menopausal patients in China.MethodsWe evaluated this association among 8766 breast cancer cases diagnosed between 2005 and 2017 from the Tianjin Breast Cancer Cases Cohort. Levels of serum E2 were measured in pre-menopausal and post-menopausal women. Multivariable-adjusted Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) between quartile of E2 levels and overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) of breast cancer. The penalized spline was then used to test for non-linear relationships between E2 (continuous variable) and survival endpoints.ResultsA total of 612 deaths and 982 progressions occurred over follow-up through 2017. Compared to women in the quartile 3, the highest quartile of E2 was associated with reduced risk of both PFS in pre-menopausal women (HR=1.79, 95% CI: 1.17-2.75, P=0.008) and OS in post-menopausal women (HR=1.35, 95% CI: 1.04-1.74, P=0.023). OS and PFS in pre-menopausal women exhibited a nonlinear relation (“L-shaped” and “U-shaped”, respectively) with E2 levels. However, there was a linear relationship in post-menopausal women, among whom increasing E2 was associated with escalating risks of death and progression. Moreover, patients with estrogen receptor-negative (ER-negative) breast cancer showed a “U-shaped” relationship with OS and PFS in pre-menopausal women.ConclusionsPre-menopausal breast cancer patients have a plateau stage of prognosis at the intermediate concentrations of E2, whereas post-menopausal patients have no apparent threshold, and ER status may have an impact on this relationship.

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