Occurrence of reovirus infection in Muscovy ducks (Cairina moschata) in south western Poland

2014 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 299-305 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Woźniakowski ◽  
E. Samorek-Salamonowicz ◽  
A. Gaweł
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Laboratory Diagnosis ◽  
Reovirus Infection ◽  
Reverse Transcription Pcr ◽  
Duck Circovirus ◽  
Goose Parvovirus ◽  
Virus Sequence ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Muscovy Ducks ◽  
Pcr Targeting

AbstractDuring the summer 2012 an incidence of high mortality, above 44 percent, in two flocks of Muscovy ducklings in Poland was noted. The clinical signs included considerable weight loss and inability to walk.During the post-mortem evaluations dehydration and enteritis, gouty kidneys as well as hemorrhagic liver and spleen lesions were found. The laboratory diagnosis included agar gel precipitation assay (AGP) as well as polymerase chain reaction (PCR) or reverse transcription PCR for the presence of goose parvovirus (GPV), duck circovirus (DuCV), duck reovirus (DRV) and avian reovirus (ARV). Interestingly, the examinations performed by AGP showed partial reactivity of liver homogenates from Muscovy ducklings with chicken S1133 antiserum. The presence of duck reovirus RNA was also detected by real-time RT-PCR targeting the chicken reovirus sigma NS fragment, while the sequencing showed major similarity to chicken S1133, 1733, GX/2010/1 and TARV-MN2 reovirus strains. The virus sequence was also related to a previously isolated TH11 strain from Muscovy ducks in China.Further study is needed in order to explain the particular epidemiology of the reovirus infection of Muscovy ducklings

scholarly journals Molecular and Pathological Investigations of Selected Viral Neuropathogens in Rabies-Negative Brains of Cats and Dogs Revealed Neurotropism of Carnivore Protoparvovirus-1

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabrina Wahyu Wardhani ◽  
Boonyakorn Wongsakul ◽  
Tanit Kasantikul ◽  
Chutchai Piewbang ◽  
Somporn Techangamsuwan
Keyword(s):  
Viral Infections ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Companion Animals ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Conventional Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Red Cross ◽  
Structural Protein ◽  
Reverse Transcription Pcr ◽  
Pcr Targeting ◽  
The Brain

Throughout the year, the Thai Red Cross Society (TRCS), Bangkok, Thailand, received more than 100 animals that died of suspected rabies due to neurological clinical signs. Concerning the role of viral infection in the brain in the outcome of neurological diseases in cats and dogs, a comprehensive study was conducted of 107 brain samples of cats and dogs submitted to the TRCS from August 2019 to August 2020. Selective molecular screening using conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and reverse transcription PCR targeting nine viral pathogens was employed in addition to histopathological investigations. The results showed that carnivore protoparvovirus-1 (CPPV-1) was detected in 18.69% of the cats and dogs sampled (20/107). These results were found in young and old animals; the brain tissue did not show any pathological changes suggesting encephalitis or cerebellar hypoplasia. In addition, feline calicivirus, feline alphaherpesvirus-1, feline coronavirus, and canine distemper virus were also detected, providing a broader range of potential viral infections to consider in the clinical manifestation of neurological disorders in companion animals. The detection of all pathogens was confirmed by the localization of each viral antigen in various resident brain cells using immunohistochemistry. A unique L582S amino acid substitution of the non-structural protein 1 gene coding sequence, speculated to be associated with the neurotropism of CPPV-1 in cats and dogs, was not evident. In conclusion, this study revealed a noteworthy neurotropism of CPPV-1 in both cats and dogs without neurological lesions.

scholarly journals The Use of Multiplex Phosphorescence Analysis (PHOSPHANTM) and Polymerase Chain Reaction for Laboratory Diagnosis of Ixodid Tick-borne Borrelioses

2015 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 38-44
Author(s):  
T. I. Kuznetsova ◽  
V. G. Pomelova ◽  
E. I. Korenberg ◽  
N. S. Osin
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Erythema Migrans ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Laboratory Diagnosis ◽  
Ixodid Tick ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Cutaneous Manifestations ◽  
Granulocytic Anaplasmosis ◽  
Polymerase Chain

In this report, we evaluated the performance of C6 peptide based multiplex Phosphorescence Analysis (PHOSPHANTM) and Polymerase Chain Reaction (nested PCR) for laboratory diagnosis of Ixodid Tick-borne Borrelioses (ITBB). The study was conducted on 155 patients with localized and disseminated stages of the disease, the cases of mixed infection with ITBB and human granulocytic anaplasmosis including. Positive PHOSPHAN reactions were observed in 78 ± 7.7% of patients with erythema migrans (EM) and 91 ± 11.7% of patients without cutaneous manifestations of the disease. The frequency of PCR positive samples was lower, 26 ± 8.2% and 72 ± 17.1% respectively. The maximum frequency of positive samples detected by both methods was mainly observed at 2 - 4 week from the onset of the disease (or 22 - 35 day after tick bite). In general, PHOSPHAN provided serologic confirmation of the disease in 52 of 55 (94.5 ± 6.2%) patients, whose blood contained Borrelia DNA. Only 3 patients tested positive in PCR (1 - with EM and 2 - without this skin manifestation) were seronegative. These data confirmed the high efficiency of PHOSPHAN method for serologic verification of ITBB both at localized and disseminated stages of the disease. The use of PCR (in addition to PHOSPHAN) is appropriate within a certain period of time (no later than 2 - 3 weeks from the onset of the disease) to clarify the diagnosis in seronegative patients having clinical signs of disseminated non-cutaneous form of ITBB, or atypical cutaneous manifestations of erythematous form of the disease.

Ibex-Associated Malignant Catarrhal Fever in Duikers (Cephalophus Spp)

2020 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 577-581
Author(s):  
Francisco R. Carvallo ◽  
Francisco A. Uzal ◽  
Janet D. Moore ◽  
Kenneth Jackson ◽  
Akinyi C. Nyaoke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Malignant Catarrhal Fever ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Viral Dna ◽  
Capra Ibex ◽  
Virus Sequence ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Eight duikers, representing 3 different species cohoused in a single zoological collection, died in a 10-month period. Black, red-flanked, and yellow-backed duikers were affected, appearing clinically with a combination of anorexia, diarrhea, ataxia, tremors, and/or stupor, followed by death within 72 hours of onset of clinical signs. Consistent gross findings were pulmonary ecchymoses (8/8), generalized lymphadenomegaly (6/8), ascites (5/8), and pleural effusion (4/8). Dense lymphocyte infiltrates and arteritis affected numerous tissues in most animals. Ibex-associated malignant catarrhal fever (MCF) viral DNA was detected in all cases by polymerase chain reaction and in situ hybridization. Identical ibex-MCF virus sequence was detected in spleen of a clinically healthy ibex ( Capra ibex) housed in a separate enclosure 35 meters away from the duikers.

scholarly journals Detection molecular of Rangelia vitalii in dogs from Parana State, Southern Brazil

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 310-313
Author(s):  
Bianca Ressetti da Silva ◽  
Morgana de Fátima Kuteques Ferreira ◽  
Gabriela Maffezzolli ◽  
Marília de Oliveira Koch ◽  
Olair Carlos Beltrame ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Detection ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Biochemical Alterations ◽  
Blood Smears ◽  
Pcr Products ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Peripheral Blood Smears ◽  
Pcr Targeting

Abstract Rangelia vitalii infects erythrocytes, leukocytes and endothelial cells of dogs. The present study aimed to report the molecular detection confirmed by sequencing of R. vitalii in the state of Paraná, as well as describe the clinical, hematological and biochemical alterations of the infected dogs. Three sick dogs from the metropolitan area of Curitiba, PR, Brazil, underwent a physical exam, and laboratory tests included hematology, biochemistry, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and gene sequencing. Clinical signs included apathy, anorexia, and hemorrhage. Intra-erythrocytic and extracellular piroplasms were found on peripheral blood smears from all three dogs. Blood samples from these animals were positive for Babesia sp. by PCR targeting 18S rRNA. PCR products from all three dogs were sequenced, and BLAST analysis showed that the PCR-generated sequences were highly homologous with those of R. vitalii previously reported. Hematologic findings included severe anemia, shift of neutrophils to the regenerative left, and thrombocytopenia. Serum urea levels were increased in all three dogs, and direct bilirubin levels were elevated in one dog.

scholarly journals Identification of latent neosporosis in sheep in Tehran, Iran by polymerase chain reaction using primers specific for the Nc-5 gene

2016 ◽  
Vol 83 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohsen Arbabi ◽  
Amir Abdoli ◽  
Abdolhossein Dalimi ◽  
Majid Pirestani
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Latent Infection ◽  
Neospora Caninum ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Ovis Aries ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Nested Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Pcr Targeting

Little is known about latent infection and molecular characterisation of Neospora caninum in sheep (Ovis aries). In this study, 330 sheep samples (180 hearts and 150 brains) were analysed for N. caninum DNA by nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) targeting the Nc-5 gene. Neospora caninum DNA was detected in 3.9% (13/330) of sheep samples. The parasite’s DNA was detected in 6.7% of heart samples (12/180) and 0.7% (1/150) of brain samples. No clinical signs were recorded from infected or uninfected animals. Sequencing of the genomic DNA revealed 96% – 99% similarity with each other and 95.15% – 100% similarity with N. caninum sequences deposited in GenBank. To our knowledge, this is the first report on the use of PCR to identify latent neosporosis in sheep in Iran. The results of this study have the potential to contribute to our understanding of the role of N. caninum-infected sheep in the epidemiology of neosporosis.

Porcine teschovirus, sapelovirus, and enterovirus in Swiss pigs: multiplex RT-PCR investigation of viral frequencies and disease association

2021 ◽  
pp. 104063872110258
Author(s):  
Tamara Stäubli ◽  
Charlotte I. Rickli ◽  
Paul R. Torgerson ◽  
Cornel Fraefel ◽  
Julia Lechmann
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Virus Detection ◽  
Common Finding ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
High Frequencies ◽  
Reverse Transcription Pcr ◽  
Suckling Piglets ◽  
Porcine Teschovirus ◽  
Fattening Pigs ◽  
Pathology Data

Porcine teschovirus (PTV), sapelovirus (PSV-A), and enterovirus (EV-G) are enteric viruses that can infect pigs and wild boars worldwide. The viruses have been associated with several diseases, primarily gastrointestinal, neurologic, reproductive, and respiratory disorders, but also with subclinical infections. However, for most serotypes, proof of a causal relationship between viral infection and clinical signs is still lacking. In Switzerland, there has been limited investigation of the occurrence of the 3 viruses. We used a modified multiplex reverse-transcription PCR protocol to study the distribution of the viruses in Swiss pigs by testing 363 fecal, brain, and placental or abortion samples from 282 healthy and diseased animals. We did not detect the 3 viruses in 94 placental or abortion samples or in 31 brain samples from healthy pigs. In brain tissue of 81 diseased pigs, we detected 5 PSV-A and 4 EV-G positive samples. In contrast, all 3 viruses were detected at high frequencies in fecal samples of both healthy and diseased pigs. In healthy animals, PTV was detected in 47%, PSV-A in 51%, and EV-G in 70% of the 76 samples; in diseased animals, frequencies in the 81 samples were 54%, 64%, and 68%, respectively. The viruses were detected more frequently in fecal samples from weaned and fattening pigs compared to suckling piglets and sows. Co-detections of all 3 viruses were the most common finding. Based on clinical and pathology data, statistical analysis yielded no evidence for an association of virus detection and disease. Further research is required to determine if pathogenicity is linked to specific serotypes of these viruses.

scholarly journals Molecular Identification of Trypanosoma evansi Isolated from Arabian Camels (Camelus dromedarius) in Riyadh and Al-Qassim, Saudi Arabia

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 1149
Author(s):  
Dina M. Metwally ◽  
Isra M. Al-Turaiki ◽  
Najwa Altwaijry ◽  
Samia Q. Alghamdi ◽  
Abdullah D. Alanazi
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Infection Rate ◽  
Ribosomal Rna ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Trypanosoma Evansi ◽  
Camelus Dromedarius ◽  
18S Ribosomal Rna ◽  
18S Ribosomal Rna Gene ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Pcr Targeting

We analyzed the blood from 400 one-humped camels, Camelus dromedarius (C. dromedarius), in Riyadh and Al-Qassim, Saudi Arabia to determine if they were infected with the parasite Trypanosoma spp. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) targeting the internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1) gene was used to detect the prevalence of Trypanosoma spp. in the camels. Trypanosoma evansi (T. evansi) was detected in 79 of 200 camels in Riyadh, an infection rate of 39.5%, and in 92 of 200 camels in Al-Qassim, an infection rate of 46%. Sequence and phylogenetic analyses revealed that the isolated T. evansi was closely related to the T. evansi that was detected in C. dromedarius in Egypt and the T. evansi strain B15.1 18S ribosomal RNA gene identified from buffalo in Thailand. A BLAST search revealed that the sequences are also similar to those of T. evansi from beef cattle in Thailand and to T. brucei B8/18 18S ribosomal RNA from pigs in Nigeria.

Diagnostic Accuracy of a Direct Panfungal Polymerase Chain Reaction Assay Performed on Stained Cytology Slides

2021 ◽  
pp. 030098582199156
Author(s):  
Alexandra N. Myers ◽  
Unity Jeffery ◽  
Zachary G. Seyler ◽  
Sara D. Lawhon ◽  
Aline Rodrigues Hoffmann
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Diagnostic Accuracy ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Fungal Culture ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Identification Of Fungi ◽  
Fungal Dna ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Panfungal Pcr ◽  
Pcr Targeting

Molecular techniques are increasingly being applied to stained cytology slides for the diagnosis of neoplastic and infectious diseases. Such techniques for the identification of fungi from stained cytology slides have not yet been evaluated. This study aimed to assess the diagnostic accuracy of direct (without nucleic acid isolation) panfungal polymerase chain reaction (PCR) followed by sequencing for identification of fungi and oomycetes on stained cytology slides from dogs, cats, horses, and other species. Thirty-six cases were identified with cytologically identifiable fungi/oomycetes and concurrent identification via fungal culture or immunoassay. Twenty-nine controls were identified with no cytologically or histologically visible organisms and a concurrent negative fungal culture. Direct PCR targeting the internal transcribed spacer region followed by sequencing was performed on one cytology slide from each case and control, and the sensitivity and specificity of the assay were calculated. The sensitivity of the panfungal PCR assay performed on stained cytology slides was 67% overall, 73% excluding cases with oomycetes, and 86% when considering only slides with abundant fungi. The specificity was 62%, which was attributed to amplification of fungal DNA from control slides with no visible fungus and negative culture results. Direct panfungal PCR is capable of providing genus- or species-level identification of fungi from stained cytology slides. Given the potential of panfungal PCR to amplify contaminant fungal DNA, this assay should be performed on slides with visible fungi and interpreted in conjunction with morphologic assessment by a clinical pathologist.

scholarly journals Comparison of Three Rapid Commercial Canine Parvovirus Antigen Detection Tests with Electron Microscopy and Polymerase Chain Reaction

2009 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 344-345 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silke Schmitz ◽  
Christina Coenen ◽  
König Matthias ◽  
Thiel Heinz-Jürgen ◽  
Reto Neiger
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Chronic Diarrhea ◽  
Gastrointestinal Disease ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Canine Parvovirus ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Group A ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Group B

Different antibody-based tests for rapid detection of Canine parvovirus antigens in feces are commercially available, allowing quick diagnosis in a clinical setting. However, the diagnostic accuracy of these tests compared with standard methods has not been evaluated so far. In the current study, 3 commercial tests were compared with immune-electron microscopy (IEM) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Dogs were divided into 3 groups: group A, samples from dogs with acute hemorrhagic diarrhea ( n = 50); group B, dogs with chronic diarrhea ( n = 10); and group C, dogs with no evidence of gastrointestinal disease ( n = 40). Specificity of all 3 commercial tests versus PCR and IEM was good to excellent (92.2–100%). Sensitivity, in contrast, was poor: 15.8–26.3% versus PCR and 50–60% versus IEM. In group A, 10 dogs were positive by IEM and 24 dogs were positive by PCR. Positive PCR results were also obtained from animals in control groups (group B, 1 dog; group C, 5 dogs). No dog in group B or C was positive by IEM. In conclusion, the rapid tests are useful to diagnose canine parvoviral enteritis, but they do not rule out parvovirus infection in an animal with typical clinical signs. In addition, a small percentage of healthy dogs and dogs with chronic diarrhea showed positive PCR results; this may be due to asymptomatic/persistent infection or intestinal passage of virus. The significance of this finding remains unclear.

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