scholarly journals Zoning of Areas with Susceptibility to Oak Decline in Western Iran

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohadeseh Ghanbari Motlagh ◽  
Masoud Kiadaliri
Keyword(s):  
Slope Aspect ◽  
Oak Forests ◽  
Oak Decline ◽  
Effective Parameters ◽  
Western Iran ◽  
Forest Density ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
Zagros Forests ◽  
Rapid Action ◽  
Overlap Method

Abstract Zagros forests have the greatest impact on soil and water protection in western Iran. Despite this, a significant part of these forests, especially in Ilam province, have suffered a lot due to the phenomenon of oak decline. The first and most fundamental thing a person must know when combating this issue is the distribution of these areas in forests. Therefore, using the parameters affecting the decline in the forests of Ilam province and based on fuzzy logic, a map of susceptible to oak decline areas was prepared. In this study, the parameters of temperature and precipitation, slope, aspect, altitude, distance from farmlands, roads and forest density were selected as effective parameters and fuzzy gamma overlap method was used. The results showed that more than 77% of the oak forests in the province are highly and extremely susceptible to the decline. This confirms the need for rapid action to plan and protect these forests. In addition, the fuzzy method is proposed, which is considered as a fast and efficient method in preparing such maps for other areas.

A New Species of the Genus Liophloeothrips (Thysanoptera, Phlaeothripidae) from Iran

2019 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 265-268
Author(s):  
M. Mirab-balou
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Western Iran ◽  
Holotype Female ◽  
Zagros Forests ◽  
Oak Trees ◽  
A New Species

Abstract Liophloeothrips baharae sp. n. is described based on the holotype female collected on dead branches under oak trees in Zagros forests from Ilam province, western Iran. It is related to L. reperticus Ananthakrishnan and Muraleedharan, 1974 from India.

Bacillus pumilus and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia as two potentially causative agents involved in Persian oak decline in Zagros forests (Iran)

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
pp. e12541 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elahe Ahmadi ◽  
Mojegan Kowsari ◽  
Davood Azadfar ◽  
Gholamreza Salehi Jouzani
Keyword(s):  
Stenotrophomonas Maltophilia ◽  
Bacillus Pumilus ◽  
Oak Decline ◽  
Zagros Forests ◽  
Causative Agents

Characteristics of den, den tree and sites selected by the Persian squirrel in Zagros forests, western Iran

Mammalia ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 80 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Farzaneh Khalili ◽  
Mansoureh Malekian ◽  
Mahmoud Reza Hemami
Keyword(s):  
Western Iran ◽  
Zagros Forests

AbstractWe investigated characteristics of den, den tree and sites selected by the Persian squirrel (

scholarly journals Developing a Stand Hazard Index for Oak Decline in Upland Oak Forests of the Ozark Highlands, Missouri

2011 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhaofei Fan ◽  
Xiuli Fan ◽  
Martin A. Spetich ◽  
Stephen R. Shifley ◽  
W. Keith Moser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tree Mortality ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Hazard Index ◽  
Classification And Regression Tree ◽  
Tree Level ◽  
Oak Forests ◽  
Oak Decline ◽  
White Oak ◽  
Ozark Highlands ◽  
Black Oak

Abstract Black oak (Quercus velutina Lam.) and scarlet oak (Quercus coccinea Muenchh.)—two major components (44% of total stand basal area) of upland oak forests—are suffering severe decline and mortality in the Ozark Highlands, Missouri. However, factors influencing their survival (mortality) are not well understood. In this study we quantified how stand and tree-level predisposing factors are associated with survival of black and scarlet oaks. Sixteen-year monitoring data from the Missouri Ozark Forest Ecosystem Project (MOFEP) indicated that overall annual mortality of black and scarlet oaks averaged 2.2 and 1.7%, respectively, three to five times higher than expected (around 0.5%) for white oak, a common associate. For the first 8 years of the study (1990‐1998), survival rates of black and scarlet oaks were similar. Thereafter, the survival rate of black oak declined relative to scarlet oak. Using the classification and regression tree (CART) method we classified black oak and scarlet oak trees into seven and nine risk groups, respectively, that differed significantly in rates of tree mortality. Groups were distinguished based on tree diameter, crown class, and size relative to competitors. An oak decline and mortality hazard index was thus developed as the weighted means of risk group mortality, which can help managers prescribe species-specific silvicultural treatments to help mitigate oak decline and associated mortality.

scholarly journals  Estimation of leaf area index and assessment of its allometric equations in oak forests: Northern Zagros, Iran

2012 ◽  
Vol 58 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 116-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Khosravi ◽  
M. Namiranian ◽  
H. Ghazanfari ◽  
A. Shirvani
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area Index ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Allometric Equations ◽  
Oak Forests ◽  
Biophysical Parameters ◽  
Destructive Sampling ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Zagros Forests ◽  
Crown Volume ◽  
Oak Trees

The focus of the present study is the estimation of leaf area index (LAI) and the assessment of allometric equations for predicting the leaf area of Lebanon oaks (Quercus libani Oliv.) in Iran&rsquo;s northern Zagros forests. To that end, 50 oak trees were randomly selected and their biophysical parameters were measured. Then, on the basis of destructive sampling of the oak trees, their specific leaf area (SLA) and leaf area were measured. The results showed that SLA and LAI of the Lebanon oaks were 136.9 cm&middot;g<sup>&ndash;1 </sup>and 1.99, respectively. Among all the parameters we measured, the crown volume exhibited the highest correlation with LAI (r<sup>2</sup> = 0.65). The easily measured tree parameters such as diameter at breast height did not show a high correlation with leaf area (r<sup>2</sup> = 0.36). Our obtained moderate correlations in the allometric equations could be due to the fact that branches of these trees had been pollarded by the local people when the branches were only 3 or 4 years old; therefore, the natural structure of the crowns in these trees might have been damaged. &nbsp;

scholarly journals Variable glacier response to atmospheric warming, northern Antarctic Peninsula, 1988–2009

2012 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 1031-1048 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. J. Davies ◽  
J. L. Carrivick ◽  
N. F. Glasser ◽  
M. J. Hambrey ◽  
J. L. Smellie
Keyword(s):  
Antarctic Peninsula ◽  
Dynamic Equilibrium ◽  
Eastern Coast ◽  
Slope Aspect ◽  
Western Coast ◽  
Ice Shelf ◽  
Tidewater Glaciers ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
Glacier Recession ◽  
James Ross Island

Abstract. The northern Antarctic Peninsula has recently exhibited ice-shelf disintegration, glacier recession and acceleration. However, the dynamic response of land-terminating, ice-shelf tributary and tidewater glaciers has not yet been quantified or assessed for variability, and there are sparse data for glacier classification, morphology, area, length or altitude. This paper firstly classifies the area, length, altitude, slope, aspect, geomorphology, type and hypsometry of 194 glaciers on Trinity Peninsula, Vega Island and James Ross Island in 2009 AD. Secondly, this paper documents glacier change 1988–2009. In 2009, the glacierised area was 8140±262 km2. From 1988–2001, 90% of glaciers receded, and from 2001–2009, 79% receded. This equates to an area change of −4.4% for Trinity Peninsula eastern coast glaciers, −0.6% for western coast glaciers, and −35.0% for ice-shelf tributary glaciers from 1988–2001. Tidewater glaciers on the drier, cooler eastern Trinity Peninsula experienced fastest shrinkage from 1988–2001, with limited frontal change after 2001. Glaciers on the western Trinity Peninsula shrank less than those on the east. Land-terminating glaciers on James Ross Island shrank fastest in the period 1988–2001. This east-west difference is largely a result of orographic temperature and precipitation gradients across the Antarctic Peninsula, with warming temperatures affecting the precipitation-starved glaciers on the eastern coast more than on the western coast. Reduced shrinkage on the western Peninsula may be a result of higher snowfall, perhaps in conjunction with the fact that these glaciers are mostly grounded. Rates of area loss on the eastern side of Trinity Peninsula are slowing, which we attribute to the floating ice tongues receding into the fjords and reaching a new dynamic equilibrium. The rapid shrinkage of tidewater glaciers on James Ross Island is likely to continue because of their low elevations and flat profiles. In contrast, the higher and steeper tidewater glaciers on the eastern Antarctic Peninsula will attain more stable frontal positions after low-lying ablation areas are removed, reaching equilibrium more quickly.

The Persian squirrel of Kurdistan Province, western Iran: what determines its geographic distribution?

Mammalia ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 81 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maedeh Sadeghi ◽  
Mansoureh Malekian
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Variables ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Gap Analysis ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Western Iran ◽  
Maxent Model ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
Precipitation Seasonality ◽  
Management Plans ◽  
Probability Threshold

AbstractHere, we used the maximum entropy (MAXENT) method to predict habitat distribution of the Persian squirrel in oak forests of Kurdistan Province, western Iran. We used 70 points with known occurrence of the species and 17 environmental variables (climatic variables represented annual trends in temperature and precipitation, seasonality and extreme or limiting environmental factors) to map the species distribution. The MAXENT model showed high performance. Using a 0.5 logistic probability threshold, the models suggested about 16,783.5 ha of the study area to have high suitability for the Persian squirrel. These areas were thus estimated as “good” habitats. Amongst the environmental variables, land cover had the greatest role in the Persian squirrel’s distribution. Precipitation and temperature were the two major climatic factors that affected the Persian squirrel’s distribution. Gap analysis showed that many parts of the species habitat have remained unprotected what can threaten the survival of the studied species in the region. These findings can be used to develop conservation management plans and boost the network of protected areas in the region.

scholarly journals Endemic and Emerging Pathogens Threatening Cork Oak Trees: Management Options for Conserving a Unique Forest Ecosystem

Plant Disease ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 100 (11) ◽  
pp. 2184-2193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salvatore Moricca ◽  
Benedetto T. Linaldeddu ◽  
Beatrice Ginetti ◽  
Bruno Scanu ◽  
Antonio Franceschini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mediterranean Basin ◽  
Rural Landscape ◽  
Cork Oak ◽  
Oak Forests ◽  
Oak Decline ◽  
Primary Role ◽  
Emerging Pathogens ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Oak Trees ◽  
Cork Production

Cork oak (Quercus suber) forests are economically and culturally intertwined with the inhabitants of the Mediterranean basin and characterize its rural landscape. These forests cover over two million hectares in the western Mediterranean basin and sustain a rich biodiversity of endemisms as well as representing an important source of income derived from cork production. Currently cork oak forests are threatened by several factors including human-mediated disturbances such as poor or inappropriate management practices, adverse environmental conditions (irregular water regime with prolonged drought periods), and attacks of pathogens and pests. All these adverse factors can interact, causing a complex disease commonly known as “oak decline.” Despite the numerous investigations carried out so far, decline continues to be the main pathological problem of cork oak forests because of its complex etiology and the resulting difficulties in defining suitable control strategies. An overview of the literature indicates that several pathogenic fungi and oomycota can play a primary role in the etiology of this syndrome. Therefore, the aim of this review is to analyze the recent advances achieved regarding the bio-ecology of the endemic and emerging pathogens that threaten cork oak trees with particular emphasis on the species more directly involved in oak decline. Moreover, the effect of climate change on the host-pathogen interactions, a task fundamental for making useful decisions and managing cork oak forests properly, is considered.

scholarly journals Geoinformation modeling of the spatial distribution of the favourability level of climatic resources over the Sevastopol region for grape growing

2020 ◽  
pp. 51-56
Author(s):  
E. V. Vyshkvarkova ◽  
E. A. Rybalko ◽  
N. V. Baranova
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Heat Supply ◽  
Main Part ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Slope Aspect ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
Rational Distribution ◽  
Geoinformation Modeling

Viticulture is one of the promising agricultural sectors in the Sevastopol region. In connection with this the goal of the work is a comprehensive analysis of the climatic conditions of the region for the rational distribution of vineyards. Meteorological data (air temperature and precipitation) for the period 1985-2018 and terrain parameters (slope, aspect, altitude) for the Sevastopol region were used. To assess the optimal climatic conditions, the analysis of frost risk, heat supply and water supply (average of absolute minimums of air temperature, growing degree days, Selianinov’s Hydrothermal Coeffi cient, Huglin and Winkler indices) was carried out. The spatial distribution of the listed agroclimatic parameters was modeled using author formulas. Using GIS technologies, maps of the spatial distribution of heat supply and agroclimatic parmeters for the region were obtained. The main part of the territory of the Sevastopol region is located in a zone with a sum of active temperatures of 3500-3900°С. The amount of precipitation during the growing season and the values of the hydrothermal coeffi cient indicate insuffi cient moisture in the region. Most of the region’s territory (72 %) has an average of absolute minimums of air temperature above –14 °C. According to the values of the Huglin index, the main part of the region is in the warm zone (2400-2700 °C), and by the values of the Winkler index – in Region 3 (1667-1944 °C). The heliothermal conditions of the Sevastopol region territory are suffi cient for growing grapes of diff erent groups of varieties and ripening dates. Agroclimatic parameters are characterized by positive trends, which in the future can lead to changes in heat supply and the displacement of terroirs. The territory of the Sevastopol region has favourable agroclimatic conditions, which makes it possible to grow grape varieties from very early to late ripening and placing them on fl at and sloping lands.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document