Individual differences in wild (WWCPS) rat — manifested in the exploration box

2010 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-35
Author(s):  
Wojciech Pisula
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster Analysis ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster ◽  
Dimensional Structure ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Factor Scores ◽  
Laboratory Rats ◽  
Two Factors

Individual differences in wild (WWCPS) rat — manifested in the exploration box Thirty nine WWCPS rats were tested in the exploration box throughout fifteen sessions. Factor analysis was run to extract the main dimensions describing rat behavior. Two factors were extracted, confirming the validity of the concept of two dimensional structure of individual differences in rats. Hierarchical cluster analysis run on factor scores showed that only three out of a possible four types of factor combinations are actually present within observed group of animals. In terms of individual differences structure, the study provide support for the view that laboratory rats are still rats.

scholarly journals Understanding the Structure of Stereotypes of Women: Virtue and Agency as Dimensions Distinguishing Female Subgroups

2005 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 396-405 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Nathan DeWall ◽  
T. William Altermatt ◽  
Heather Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster Analysis ◽  
Female Athlete ◽  
Moral Virtue ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster ◽  
Gender Stereotyping ◽  
Dimensional Structure ◽  
Agency Model ◽  
Separate Sample ◽  
Sexual Conservatism

A two-part study investigated the dimensional structure of stereotypes of women. In one sample ( n = 258), participants sorted traits according to the likelihood that they would co-occur in the same woman. In a separate sample ( n = 102), participants were given the same traits and were asked to judge the traits' desirability and to judge the moral virtue, sexual liberalism/conservatism, warmth, competence, and power of a woman who possessed high levels of each trait. Results from hierarchical cluster analysis indicated that participants perceived women in terms of six subgroups: professional, feminist, homemaker, female athlete, beauty, and temptress. Large differences among these subgroups were identified based on ratings of their moral virtue and sexual conservatism (i.e., virtue) and competence and power (i.e., agency). The implications of a virtue-agency model of female subgroups for gender stereotyping research are discussed.

The Assessment of Economic Performance of OECD Countries—Factor Analysis and Cluster Analysis

1994 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 65-78
Author(s):  
Peijie Wang
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Economic Performance ◽  
Oecd Countries ◽  
Factor Scores ◽  
Economic Variables ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
The Common ◽  
And Cluster Analysis

This paper studies the economic performance of 19 OECD countries. Eight economic variables are selected to describe the economic performance which are incorporated into two factors afterwards by factor analysis. The relations among the variables and that between factors and variables are analysed. A comparative study is made, based on the factor scores of these 19 countries; and the countries are classified into 5 categories using cluster analysis, according to their similarities in the variables and the extracted factors. The common characteristics of the countries with similar economic performances on the two factors are discussed. The paper presents an outline of the nations’ economic performance during this period. It is quite interesting, as a by-product finding, that the countries sharing the economy similarities also have the geographical communalities.

scholarly journals Use of Factorial Analysis of Mixed Data (FAMD) and Hierarchical Cluster Analysis on Principal Component (HCPC) for Multivariate Analysis of Academic Performance of Industrial Engineering Programs

2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Delimiro Visbal-Cadavid ◽  
Adel Mendoza-Mendoza ◽  
Enrique De La Hoz-Dominguez
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Academic Performance ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster Analysis ◽  
Higher Education Institutions ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster ◽  
Industrial Engineering ◽  
Mixed Data ◽  
Engineering Programs

The article describes a new idea about using Factor Analysis, Mixed Data, and Hierarchical Cluster Analysis on Principal Components to study the academic performance in 82 Industrial Engineering Programs in Colombia. For this, we used the data from the results of the standardized test of the Saber Pro.). The authors find that the first three components explain 89.12% of the original data set variability. The quantitative variables associated with the Factor Analysis are the first dimension, while the two qualitative variables are related to the second dimension. The first factor explains 95.83% of the dispersion of the scores in Critical Reading, 94.72% of the variability in Quantitative Reasoning, 94.51% of the variation in Mathematics and Statistics, among others. This study shows a strong positive correlation between the quantitative variables and the first factorial axis. It assumes that the Industrial Engineering Programs of public higher education institutions perform better than private ones. The article stipulates that the higher education institutions belonging to the Andean Region present a better performance, followed by the higher education institutions located in the Pacific Region. In general terms, the results confirm that the best performing universities usually appear in the first places in the different rankings and are located in the big cities.

scholarly journals The organization of taste sensibilities in hamster chorda tympani nerve fibers.

1988 ◽  
Vol 91 (6) ◽  
pp. 861-896 ◽  
Author(s):  
M E Frank ◽  
S L Bieber ◽  
D V Smith
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster Analysis ◽  
Nerve Impulse ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster ◽  
Nerve Fibers ◽  
Chorda Tympani ◽  
Chorda Tympani Nerve ◽  
Activation Patterns ◽  
Response Profiles

Electrophysiological measurements of nerve impulse frequencies were used to explore the organization of taste sensibilities in single fibers of the hamster chorda tympani nerve. Moderately intense taste solutions that are either very similar or easily discriminated were applied to the anterior lingual surface. 40 response profiles or 13 stimulus activation patterns were considered variables and examined with multivariate statistical techniques. Three kinds of response profiles were seen in fibers that varied in their overall sensitivity to taste solutions. One profile (S) showed selectivity for sweeteners, a second (N) showed selectivity for sodium salts, and a third (H) showed sensitivity to salts, acids, and other compounds. Hierarchical cluster analysis indicated that profiles fell into discrete classes. Responses to many pairs of effective stimuli were covariant across profiles within a class, but some acidic stimuli had more idiosyncratic effects. Factor analysis of profiles identified two common factors, accounting for 77% of the variance. A unipolar factor was identified with the N profile, and a bipolar factor was identified with the S profile and its opposite, the H profile. Three stimulus activation patterns were elicited by taste solutions that varied in intensity of effect. Hierarchical cluster analysis indicated that the patterns fell into discrete classes. Factor analysis of patterns identified three common unipolar factors accounting for 82% of the variance. Eight stimuli (MgSO4, NH4Cl, KCl, citric acid, acetic acid, urea, quinine HCl, HCl) selectively activated fibers with H profiles, three stimuli (fructose, Na saccharin, sucrose) selectively activated fibers with S profiles, and two stimuli (NaNO3, NaCl) activated fibers with N profiles more strongly than fibers with H profiles. Stimuli that evoke different patterns taste distinct to hamsters. Stimuli that evoke the same pattern taste more similar. It was concluded that the hundreds of peripheral taste neurons that innervate the anterior tongue play one of three functional roles, providing information about one of three features that are shared by different chemical solutions.

scholarly journals Pengelompokan 33 Aksesi Kakao Berdasarkan Karakter Morfologi Komponen Buah

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 67
Author(s):  
Edi Wardiana ◽  
Juniaty Towaha ◽  
Syafaruddin Syafaruddin
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Discriminant Analysis ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster Analysis ◽  
Morphological Character ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Experimental Station

<em>Identification and grouping of diverse cacao accessions based on morphological character of pod components is important in breeding activities to generate superior varieties. This study aimed to grouping 33 cocoa accessions based on morphological characters of pod components, conducted at Pakuwon Experimental Station, Sukabumi, West Java, at an altitude of 450 asl with Latosol soil and B type climate (Schmidt and Fergusson), from January until December 2015. Observation was taken on 33 cacao accessions of Kaliwining (KW), planted in 2012 with 3 m x 3 m spacing under 26 years old Genjah Salak coconut trees as shading. Ten mature pods were randomly harvested from 10 cocoa plants of each accession at respective two seasons (February and December 2015). The variables observed were 7 characters of pod components i.e.: (1) fresh weight of pod, (2) number of beans, (3) fresh weight of beans, (4) dry weight of beans, (5) fresh weight of pod husk, (6) number of pod furrow, and (7) fresh weight of pulp. Data were analyzed by factor analysis followed by hierarchical cluster analysis in Ward's method and discriminant analysis. The result showed that 19 accessions were classified as high in bean and pod husk component characters, 9 accessions were classified as high in pulp characters, and 5 accessions i.e. KW 162, KW 528, KW 570, KW 571, and KW 720 were classified as high in all characters of pod components, and potential as parents in generating superior cacao varieties.</em>

scholarly journals Ανάλυση περιβαλλοντικού κινδύνου από βαρέα μέταλλα γεωγενούς και ανθρωπογενούς προέλευσης σε δύο αντιπροσωπευτικές περιοχές του Ελλαδικού χώρου

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Δήμητρα Μεγαδούκα
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster Analysis ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster ◽  
Component Analysis ◽  
Η Factor

Σκοπός της παρούσας μελέτης είναι η έρευνα έξι βαρέων μετάλλων σε δύο περιοχές του Ελλαδικού χώρου. Οι κεντρικοί άξονες της έρευνας αυτής αποτελούνται από τους εξής στόχους: i) να προσδιοριστούν οι συγκεντρώσεις των μετάλλων Pb, Cd, Zn, Co, Ni και Cr που εντοπίζονται σε αδιατάρακτα εδάφη, ii) να προσδιοριστούν οι πηγές προέλευσης των μετάλλων (ανθρωπογενής – γεωγενής) με εργαστηριακές και στατιστικές μεθόδους, iii) να προσδιοριστούν οι γεωχημικές μορφές των μετάλλων που κατανέμονται στα εδάφη, iv) να παρουσιαστούν γεωγραφικοί χάρτες κατανομής των μετάλλων με την χρήση του προγράμματος Γεωγραφικών Πληροφοριακών Συστημάτων, v) να προσδιοριστούν οι υποβόσκουσες σχέσεις μεταξύ των μετάλλων vi) να γίνει εκτίμηση περιβαλλοντικού κινδύνου που σχετίζεται με την ρύπανση εδαφών από βαρέα μέταλλα σε περιοχές επιβαρυμένες από ανθρωπογενή και γεωγενή αίτια.Επιλέχθηκαν δύο περιοχές μελέτης. α) Η Βόρεια Εύβοια επιλέχθηκε ως περίπτωση επιβάρυνσης από βαρέα μέταλλα γεωγενούς προέλευσης λόγω μητρικού υλικού - των βασικών και υπερβασικών πετρωμάτων που χαρακτηρίζουν γεωλογικά την περιοχή. β) Η Λαυρεωτική χερσόνησος επιλέχθηκε ως περίπτωση επιβάρυνσης από βαρέα μέταλλα ανθρωπογενούς προέλευσης από τις παλαιότερες (π.Χ.) αλλά και πρόσφατες μεταλλευτικές και μεταλλουργικές δραστηριότητες.Στην περιοχή της Βόρειας Εύβοιας επιλέχθηκαν 21 θέσεις δειγματοληψίας και στην Λαυρεωτική χερσόνησο επιλέχθηκαν 45 θέσεις δειγματοληψίας. Από κάθε θέση δειγματοληψίας, συλλέχθηκαν δείγματα από δύο διαφορετικά βάθη, 0-10 cm (Α) και 10-30 cm (Β). Σε όλα τα εδαφικά δείγματα προσδιορίστηκαν οι εξής φυσικοχημικές ιδιότητες των εδαφών : η κοκκομετρική σύσταση, το pH, το Eh, η οργανική ουσία και το ισοδύναμο CaCO3. Επίσης προσδιοριστήκαν οι μορφές των μετάλλων με την μέθοδο διαδοχικών εκχυλίσεων τροποποιημένη BCR. Η μέθοδος των διαδοχικών εκχυλίσεων στοχεύει επιλεκτικά και απελευθερώνει τα μέταλλα που είναι συνδεδεμένα σε : α) υδατοδιαλυτές & συνδεδεμένες με ανθρακικά άλατα, β) οξείδια Fe και Mn, γ) οργανική ουσία και δ) πυριτικές μορφές. Επίσης, για να γίνει μία σωστή και αντικειμενική σύγκριση των αποτελεσμάτων και να προσδιοριστούν οι σχέσεις μεταξύ των μετάλλων χρησιμοποιήθηκε το πρόγραμμα Factor Analysis (ανάλυση παραγόντων) και το πρόγραμμα Hierarchical Cluster Analysis. Η Factor Analysis με την μέθοδο της Principal Component Analysis, προσδιορίζει έναν μικρό αριθμό παραγόντων που εξηγούν το μεγαλύτερο μέρος της διακύμανσης που παρατηρείται, σε έναν πολύ μεγαλύτερο όγκο δεδομένων, ενώ η Hierarchical Cluster Analysis προσδιορίζει τις μεταβλητές ή τους παράγοντες, οι οποίοι εξηγούν τον τρόπο που συσχετίζονται τα μέταλλα απεικονιζόμενες σε ένα δενδρόγραμμα.

The Gene Expression Signatures (GEP) of Whole Bone Marrow Biopsies (Bx) from Patients with Multiple Myeloma (MM) in Remission Reflect Disease Risk and Therapy.

Blood ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 106 (11) ◽  
pp. 1547-1547
Author(s):  
Fenghuang Zhan ◽  
Yongsheng Huang ◽  
Rudy Van Hemert ◽  
Owen Stephens ◽  
Bart Barlogie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster Analysis ◽  
Clinical Remission ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster ◽  
Unsupervised Hierarchical Cluster ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Bone Marrow Biopsies

Abstract Background: We have previously shown that the GEP signatures of whole bone marrow biopsies from patients with MM can be distinguished from those of normal healthy subjects. What is not clear is whether the GEP of myeloma Bx samples returns to normal in clinical remission following tandem stem cell transplantation. Patients and Methods: Samples included random Bx from 85 newly diagnosed MM patients treated on Total Therapy 2 protocol; 22 also had Bx in remission and 19 at relapse; in addition, Bx were available from 8 subjects with MGUS and 12 normal donors. Labeled cRNA was applied to Affymetrix U133Plus2 microarrays. Significant analysis of microarray (SAM) was performed to identify remission-related genes by comparing normal cases with remission cases. Unsupervised hierarchical cluster analysis was employed on Log2 transformed GEP intensity values of remission-related gene identified with SAM using a false discovery rate of 1%. Results: Altogether 998 genes were significantly differentially expressed in a comparison of normal and remission samples. Of these, 31 (3%) were higher and 967 (97%) lower in remission samples compared to normal donors. Two-dimensional hierarchical cluster analysis using the 998 genes and 22 remission and 12 normal donor samples provided visual evidence of 2 separate remission signatures. A single sample acquired what appeared to be a completely normal signature with 8 of 22 cases having a normal-like signature and 12 of the 22 cases having a distinct non-normal signature. Two-dimensional hierarchical clustering with remission-related genes using whole biopsies from 85 newly diagnosed MM, 8 MGUS, 22 remissions, and 19 relapses produced 2 major branches: one contained 50 MM (59%), 5 MGUS (63%), 10 remissions (45%), and 4 relapses (21%) with the second branch containing 35 MM (41%), 3 MGUS (37%), 12 remissions (55 %), and 15 relapses (79%). All 12 of the non-normal, while none of the 10 normal-like remissions, clustered in the group containing the majority of relapse cases (p=0.002). A comparison of 16 clinical variables amongst the newly diagnosed cases revealed that the 35 clustering with the non-normal remission cases were significantly associated with higher levels of B2M (P = 0.001), creatinine (P = 0.0056) and LDH (P = 0.024); higher incidence of abnormal (P = .0075) and a lower incidence of hyperdiploid karyotypes (P = 0.0004); higher levels of FISH-1q21 amplification (P = 0.04) and FISH-13 deletion (P = 0.04, 80% cutoff); lower HGB (P = 0.0058), and fewer MRI-defined focal lesions (P = 0.03). There was a strong trend for the presence of high-risk features at diagnosis among the 12 non-normal remission samples compared to the 10 normal-like samples. Of the 10 cases with the normal-like remission signature, 8 were on the thalidomide arm of the trial but only 4 of 12 patients with the non-normal remission signature were on the thalidomide arm (P=0.029). Conclusion: Despite -obtaining a clinical remission, the gene expression pattern within the marrow of myeloma patients does not return to normal in a substantial subset of patients.

Factor Analysis of Card Sort Data: An Alternative to Hierarchical Cluster Analysis

2005 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
pp. 691-695 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miranda G. Capra
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster Analysis ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster ◽  
Common Method ◽  
Card Sorting ◽  
Card Sort ◽  
Formal Statistical Analysis

Software and product designers use card sorting to understand item groups and relationships. In the usability community, a common method of formal statistical analysis for open card sort data is hierarchical cluster analysis, which results in a tree of the items sorted into distinct, nested clusters. Hierarchical cluster analysis is appropriate for highly structured settings, like software menus. However, many situations call for softer clusters, such as designing websites where multiple pages link to the same target page. Factor analysis summarizes the categories created in card sorts and generates clusters that can overlap. This paper explains how to prepare card sort data for statistical analysis, describes the results of factor analysis and how to interpret them, and discusses when hierarchical cluster analysis and factor analysis are appropriate.

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