Redox signals as a language of interorganellar communication in plant cells

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 1153-1163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomasz Kopczewski ◽  
Elżbieta Kuźniak
Keyword(s):  
Redox Regulation ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Plant Cells ◽  
Enzymatic Antioxidants ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Redox Systems ◽  
Disulfide Exchange ◽  
Redox Active

AbstractPlants are redox systems and redox-active compounds control and regulate all aspects of their life. Recent studies have shown that changes in reactive oxygen species (ROS) concentration mediated by enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants are transferred into redox signals used by plants to activate various physiological responses. An overview of the main antioxidants and redox signaling in plant cells is presented. In this review, the biological effects of ROS and related redox signals are discussed in the context of acclimation to changing environmental conditions. Special attention is paid to the role of thiol/disulfide exchange via thioredoxins (Trxs), glutaredoxins (Grxs) and peroxiredoxins (Prxs) in the redox regulatory network. In plants, chloroplasts and mitochondria occupying a chloroplasts and mitochondria play key roles in cellular metabolism as well as in redox regulation and signaling. The integrated redox functions of these organelles are discussed with emphasis on the importance of the chloroplast and mitochondrion to the nucleus retrograde signaling in acclimatory and stress response.

scholarly journals Cell type-specific differences in redox regulation and proliferation after low UVA doses

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylwia Ciesielska ◽  
Patryk Bil ◽  
Karolina Gajda ◽  
Aleksandra Poterala-Hejmo ◽  
Dorota Hudy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Redox Regulation ◽  
Cellular Proliferation ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Cell Type ◽  
Redox Systems ◽  
Human Colon Cancer ◽  
Cellular Redox ◽  
Hct116 Cells

AbstractUltraviolet A (UVA) radiation is harmful for living organisms but in low doses may stimulate cell proliferation. Our aim was to examine the relationships between exposure to different low UVA doses, cellular proliferation, and changes in cellular reactive oxygen species levels. In human colon cancer (HCT116) and melanoma (Me45) cells exposed to UVA doses comparable to environmental, the highest doses (30-50 kJ/m2) reduced clonogenic potential but some lower doses (1 and 10 kJ/m2) induced proliferation. This effect was cell type and dose specific. In both cell lines the levels of reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide fluctuated with dynamics which were influenced differently by UVA; in Me45 cells decreased proliferation accompanied the changes in the dynamics of H2O2 while in HCT116 cells those of superoxide. Genes coding for proteins engaged in redox systems were expressed differently in each cell line; transcripts for thioredoxin, peroxiredoxin and glutathione peroxidase showed higher expression in HCT116 cells whereas those for glutathione transferases and copper chaperone were more abundant in Me45 cells. We conclude that these two cell types utilize different pathways for regulating their redox status. Many mechanisms engaged in maintaining cellular redox balance have been described. Here we show that the different cellular responses to a stimulus such as a specific dose of UVA may be consequences of the use of different redox control pathways. Assays of superoxide and hydrogen peroxide level changes after exposure to UVA may clarify mechanisms of cellular redox regulation and help in understanding responses to stressing factors.

scholarly journals Reactive Oxygen Species in Health and Disease

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Assim A. Alfadda ◽  
Reem M. Sallam
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Redox Regulation ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Metabolic Products ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Regulatory Functions ◽  
Cellular Organelles

During the past decades, it became obvious that reactive oxygen species (ROS) exert a multitude of biological effects covering a wide spectrum that ranges from physiological regulatory functions to damaging alterations participating in the pathogenesis of increasing number of diseases. This review summarizes the key roles played by the ROS in both health and disease. ROS are metabolic products arising from various cells; two cellular organelles are intimately involved in their production and metabolism, namely, the endoplasmic reticulum and the mitochondria. Updates on research that tremendously aided in confirming the fundamental roles of both organelles in redox regulation will be discussed as well. Although not comprehensive, this review will provide brief perspective on some of the current research conducted in this area for better understanding of the ROS actions in various conditions of health and disease.

scholarly journals Responses of Plants to Pesticide Toxicity: an Overview

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. SHARMA ◽  
V. KUMAR ◽  
A.K. THUKRAL ◽  
R. BHARDWAJ
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Photosynthetic Efficiency ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Enzymatic Antioxidants ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Defense System ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Pesticide Toxicity ◽  
Pesticide Stress ◽  
The World

ABSTRACT: Pesticides are applied all over the world to protect plants from pests. However, their application also causes toxicity to plants, which negatively affects the growth and development of plants. Pesticide toxicity results in reduction of chlorophyll and protein contents, accompanied by decreased photosynthetic efficiency of plants. Pesticide stress also generates reactive oxygen species which causes oxidative stress to plants. To attenuate the negative effects of oxidative stress, the antioxidative defense system of plants gets activated, and it includes enzymatic antioxidants as well as non-enzymatic antioxidants. The present review gives an overview of various physiological responses of plants under pesticide toxicity in tabulated form.

scholarly journals The Industrial Organism Corynebacterium glutamicum Requires Mycothiol as Antioxidant to Resist against Oxidative Stress in Bioreactor Cultivations

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabian Stefan Franz Hartmann ◽  
Lina Clermont ◽  
Quach Ngoc Tung ◽  
Haike Antelmann ◽  
Gerd Michael Seibold
Keyword(s):  
Corynebacterium Glutamicum ◽  
Redox Balance ◽  
Growth Defect ◽  
Antioxidant Systems ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Enzymatic Antioxidants ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Industrial Performance ◽  
Oxygen Concentrations

In aerobic environments, bacteria are exposed to reactive oxygen species (ROS). To avoid an excess of ROS, microorganisms are equipped with powerful enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants. Corynebacterium glutamicum, a widely used industrial platform organism, uses mycothiol (MSH) as major low molecular weight (LMW) thiol and non-enzymatic antioxidant. In aerobic bioreactor cultivations C. glutamicum becomes exposed to oxygen concentrations surpassing the air saturation, which are supposed to constitute a challenge for the intracellular MSH redox balance. In this study, the role of MSH was investigated at different oxygen levels (pO2) in bioreactor cultivations in C. glutamicum. Despite the presence of other highly efficient antioxidant systems, such as catalase, the MSH deficient ΔmshC mutant was impaired in growth in bioreactor experiments performed at pO2 values of 30%. At a pO2 level of 20% this growth defect was abolished, indicating a high susceptibility of the MSH-deficient mutant towards elevated oxygen concentrations. Bioreactor experiments with C. glutamicum expressing the Mrx1-roGFP2 redox biosensor revealed a strong oxidative shift in the MSH redox potential (EMSH) at pO2 values above 20%. This indicates, that the LMW thiol MSH is an essential antioxidant to maintain the robustness and industrial performance of C. glutamicum during aerobic fermentation processes.

Antioxidative responses to drought and salinity stress in plants, a comprehensive review

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amir Hossein Saeidnejad ◽  
Peyman Rajaei
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Lipids ◽  
Life Sciences ◽  
Plant Cells ◽  
Antioxidative System ◽  
Enzymatic Antioxidants ◽  
Ros Production ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Antioxidative Responses ◽  
Process Plants ◽  
Nonenzymatic Antioxidants

Environmental stresses are one of the most important reducing factor for plant’s growth and productivity worldwide. Among them, salinity and drought are known as the most harmful. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production is a frequent consequence of most stresses, including salinity and drought. These free radicals cause serious damages to plant’s structure by oxidizing membrane lipids, proteins and nucleic acids. During the evolution process, plants acquire an antioxidative system consisting of nonenzymatic antioxidants, such as β-carotenes, ascorbic acid (AA), α-tocopherol (α-toc), and antioxidant enzymes, such as catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and peroxidase (POX). Considering the fact that ROS production is an outcome of plant metabolism, controlling the ROS levels is highly vital for plant cells survive. There are considerable numbers of scientific researches regards to the antioxidative responses of plants grown under drought and salinity. These responses highly depend on plant species, other environmental conditions, growth stage and other factors. In this review, the biochemistry of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants and plant’s antioxidative system changes in response to drought and salinity were expansively evaluated.  DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijls.v9i2.12042 International Journal of Life Sciences 9 (2) : 2015; 1 - 8

Exploring the role of protein phosphorylation in plants: from signalling to metabolism

2007 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.C. Huber
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Protein Phosphorylation ◽  
Plant Cells ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Inorganic Nutrients ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Broad Overview

This review presents a broad overview of phosphorylation and signalling in plants. Much of the work of my group in plants focuses on understanding the mechanisms that regulate the production of carbon and nitrogen metabolites in leaves; in this review, I will discuss nitrate, which is one of the most important of these inorganic nutrients. I also detail how protein phosphorylation in plant cells is altered in response to the presence of reactive oxygen species.

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