Anti-mitotic and anti-genotoxic effects of Plantago lanceolata aqueous extract on Allium cepa root tip meristem cells

Biologia ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 61 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tülay Aşkin Çelik ◽  
Özlem Aslantürk
Keyword(s):  
Traditional Medicine ◽  
Allium Cepa ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Plantago Lanceolata ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Root Tip ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Genotoxic Effects ◽  
H2o2 Treatment ◽  
Onion Bulbs

AbstractPlantago is the most important genus of Plantaginaceae family and is used in traditional medicine around the world for different purposes. Plantago coronopus L., Plantago major L., Plantago media L. and Plantago lanceolata L. are most commonly used species of Plantago in traditional medicine in Turkey. The main goal of this study was to investigate the eventual anti-mitotic and anti-genotoxic effects of P. lanceolata L. leaf aqueous extracts (15 g/L and 30 g/L) on Allium cepa L. root tip meristem cells which were treated with 0.7% hydrogen peroxide. For this purpose, two different experiments were performed under the same conditions. In the first experiment, Allium cepa onion bulbs were treated with 0.7% H2O2 for 1 h. After the H2O2 treatment, the onion bulbs were treated with two different concentrations (15 g/L and 30 g/L) of P. lanceolata extracts for 24 h. In the second experiment, A. cepa onion bulbs were treated with two different extract concentrations (15 g/L and 30 g/L) for 24 h and then with 0.7% H2O2 for 1 h. The test concentrations were determined according to doses which are recommended in alternative medicinal usage by people. As positive and negative control 0.7% H2O2 and tap water was used, respectively. As a result, it was determined that aqueous extracts reduced mitotic index and chromosome aberrations in treatment groups in comparison with controls. These results showed that P. lanceolata aqueous extracts have anti-mitotic and anti-genotoxic effects.

scholarly journals Genotoxicity of aqueous extracts of Tulbaghia violacea as determined through an Allium cepa assay

2018 ◽  
Vol 115 (1/2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lerato N. Madike ◽  
Samkeliso Takaidza ◽  
Cornelius Ssemakalu ◽  
Michael Pillay
Keyword(s):  
Traditional Medicine ◽  
Allium Cepa ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Genotoxic Effects ◽  
Water Extracts ◽  
Root Extracts ◽  
Allium Cepa Assay ◽  
Chromosome Bridges

Tulbaghia violacea (wild garlic) is commonly used in traditional medicine for the treatment of various ailments including fungal infections, gastrointestinal ailments, asthma, fever, colds and pulmonary tuberculosis. We assessed the potential genotoxic effects of water extracts from the leaves, stems and roots of T. violacea using the Allium cepa assay. Extracts at concentrations of 100, 250, 500 and 1000 μg/mL were tested on root meristems of A. cepa. Ethidium bromide was used as a positive control whereas distilled water acted as a negative control. The results reveal that as the concentrations of the water extracts of T. violacea increased, the mitotic indices decreased. Similarly, the percentage of chromosomal aberrations was dependent on the concentration as well as on which part of the plant was used. The six most common chromosome aberrations included laggard chromosomes, chromosome bridges, c-mitosis, sticky chromosomes, formation of binuclei and formation of trinuclei. The presence of micronucleated cells at interphase also increased as the concentration of the water extracts increased. The results confirm that water extracts of T. violacea exert significant genotoxic effects at higher concentrations, with the stem extracts being more toxic than the leaf and root extracts at similar concentrations. Significance: • Water extracts of T. violacea – a plant commonly used in traditional medicine – were found to have significant genotoxic effects at higher concentrations.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Cytotoxicity and Genotoxicity ofInula viscosaLeaf Extracts with Allium Test

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tülay Aşkin Çelik ◽  
Özlem Sultan Aslantürk
Keyword(s):  
Tap Water ◽  
Membrane Damage ◽  
Microscopic Analysis ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Significant Inhibition ◽  
Root Tip ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Genotoxic Effects ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Allium Test

I. viscosahas been used for years in folk medicine for its anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, antiseptic, and paper antiphlogistic activities. In this study, cytotoxic and genotoxic effects ofI. viscosaleaf extracts on the root meristem cells ofAllium cepahave been examined. Onion bulbs were exposed to 2.5 mg/ml, 5 mg/ml, and 10 mg/ml concentrations of the extracts for macroscopic and microscopic analysis. Tap water has been used as a negative control and Ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) ( M) has been used as a positive control. The test concentrations have been determined according to doses which are recommended for use in alternative medicine. There has been statistically significant () inhibition of root growth depending on concentration by the extracts when compared with the control groups. All the tested extracts have been observed to have cytotoxic effects on cell division inA. cepa. I. viscosaleaf extract induces the total number of chromosomal aberrations and micronuclei (MNC) formations inA. ceparoot tip cells significantly when compared with control groups. Also, this paper shows for the first time the induction of cell death, ghost cells, cells with membrane damage, and binucleated cells by extract treatment. These results suggest the cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of theI. viscosaleaf extracts onA. cepa.

Effects of crude aqueous extracts of indigenous pesticidal plants on the ladybird beetle, Hippodamia variegata (Goeze) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae)

2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (02) ◽  
pp. 159-167
Author(s):  
E. Mazhawidza ◽  
B. M. Mvumi ◽  
U. Mazarura
Keyword(s):  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Datura Stramonium ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Ladybird Beetle ◽  
Post Exposure ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Hippodamia Variegata ◽  
Laboratory Bioassays

AbstractEffects of pesticidal plant extracts on non-targeted species are rare. Direct topical and residual sprays of crude aqueous extracts of three pesticidal plants: Datura stramonium L. Bobgunnia madagascariensis Kirkbr. & Wiersema and Solanum delagoense L. were assessed in laboratory bioassays and on-station experiments against the ladybird beetle, Hippodamia variegata (Goeze). The plants are routinely used by smallholder vegetable farmers to control aphids, Brevicoryne brassicae L. attacking rape, Brassica napus L. The crude extracts of D. stramonium fresh leaves, S. delagoense fresh fruits and B. madagascariensis dried pods, were applied separately at 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25% w/v under laboratory conditions. Application rates of 20% and 25% w/v of the plant extracts were further evaluated on-station. Negative (tap water) and positive (dimethoate® (36% E.C)) controls were included for comparison. The mortality of H. variegata was recorded 24, 48 and 72 h post-exposure. In on-station experiments, treatments were applied fortnightly and live H. variegata adults were counted at 1, 7 and 14 days post-application. Mortality of H. variegata in laboratory bioassays increased with increase in post-exposure time and B. madagascariensis (25% w/v) caused the highest mortality. Based on LD50 values, B. madagascariensis extracts were most toxic (LD50, 30% w/v) followed by D. stramonium (LD50, 34% w/v) and S. delagoense (LD50, 49% w/v) 24 h post-application. In on-station experiments, the synthetic chemical significantly lowered (P < 0.05) H. variegata numbers compared to the negative control and plant extracts. The results showed that D. stramonium and S. delagoense extracts at the application rates used in the study were relatively safer to H. variegata than B. madagascariensis (25% w/v); hence, the former two plants can be included in integrated pest management programmes.

scholarly journals Chromosomal Abnormalities in Allium cepa Induced by Treated Textile Effluents: Spatial and Temporal Variations

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
W. M. Dimuthu Nilmini Wijeyaratne ◽  
P. G. Minola Udayangani Wickramasinghe
Keyword(s):  
Mitotic Index ◽  
Allium Cepa ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Chromosomal Abnormalities ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Temporal Variations ◽  
Root Tip ◽  
Upstream Site ◽  
Textile Effluents ◽  
Dry Seasons

Appropriate effluent treatment processes are expected to significantly reduce the toxicity of effluents before they are released to the natural environment. The present study was aimed to assess the spatial and temporal variations of the physical and chemical water quality parameters of a natural water body receiving treated textile effluents and to assess the chromosomal abnormalities induced by the treated textile effluents. Four sampling sites (A: effluent discharge point; B: 100 m downstream from site A along the tributary; C: 200 m downstream from site A along the tributary; D: 100 m upstream from site A along the tributary) were selected associated to a tributary that received treated textile effluent. The physical and chemical water quality parameters were measured in the composite water samples collected from the study sites, and Allium cepa bioassay was conducted using aged tap water as the control. Sampling was conducted in both rainy and dry seasons. The conductivity, TDS, COD, and colour intensity of the water samples collected from the study sites were significantly higher during the dry season compared to those in the rainy season. Allium cepa root meristematic cells exposed to water samples from sites A, B, and C showed a significantly high interphase and prophase indices compared to those exposed to aged tap water and upstream site during both rainy and dry seasons. The mitotic index of the root tip cells of Allium cepa bulbs exposed to the water samples collected from the effluent discharge point (site A) and from the 100 m downstream site from site A (site B) was significantly lower than that of the other sites in both rainy and dry seasons. However, the mitotic index of the root tip cells of Allium cepa bulbs exposed to the water samples from the upstream site was not significantly different from that of the control treatment during both sampling seasons. The bioassay indicated that the mitotic index and phase index of the root meristematic cells of Allium cepa can be affected by the treated textile effluents released to the water body and the occurrence of C metaphase, chromosomal adherence, bridges, disturbed anaphase, vagrant chromosomes, and chromosomal breaks indicated that the treated textile effluent receiving tributary can possibly contain genotoxic and mutagenic compounds which can induce chromosomal abnormalities.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Asa River Water in Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria for Available Pollutants and their Effects on Mitosis and Chromosomes Morphology in Allium cepa Cells

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-125
Author(s):  
A. Akinboro ◽  
N.A. Peter ◽  
M.A. Rufai ◽  
A.O. Ibrahim
Keyword(s):  
Water Sample ◽  
Allium Cepa ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Genotoxic Effects ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Control Root ◽  
Volatile Organic Pollutants ◽  
Allium Cepa Assay ◽  
Poly Aromatic Hydrocarbons

T: This study evaluated water samples from Asa River in Kwara state, Nigeria, for cytogenotoxicity at 25.0 %, 50.0 %, 100.0 % following the Allium cepa assay. Onions were grown in the water samples for microscopic and macroscopic screenings. Heavy metals and volatile organic pollutants in the water were elucidated using AAS and GCMS techniques. The Water samples except the sample ‘C’ induced higher mitotic index (MI) than the negative control. Root growth was significantly promoted at 25.0 %, and significantly reduced at 50.0 % and 100.0 % of the sample ‘C’ and 100.0 % of the sample ‘A’. Water sample ‘A’ (100.0%) induced highest percentage chromosomal aberrations (CA) while the water samples ‘B’ and ‘C’ induced higher percentage CA than the negative control. Cadmium was detected at a concentration higher than its permissible limit in drinking water. Poly aromatic hydrocarbons, Aromatic amines, Acridine dye, Phenolic and Polychlorinated compounds were detected in the water sample. The observed proliferative, inhibitory, cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of the water samples on A. cepa cells suggest that Asa river was polluted, having potential to adversely affect humans, animals and plants utilizing it along its course. Keywords: Allium cepa; Asa River; cytogenotoxicity; Nigeria; pollutants

scholarly journals Cytotoxic and Genotoxic Effects of Clopyralid Herbicide on Allium Cepa Roots

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eslem Amaç ◽  
Recep Liman
Keyword(s):  
Dna Damage ◽  
Root Growth ◽  
Growth Inhibition ◽  
Allium Cepa ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Root Growth Inhibition ◽  
Genotoxic Effects ◽  
Anaphase Bridges ◽  
Auxin Herbicides ◽  
Dose Dependent

Abstract Clopyralid is a one of the synthetic pyridine-carboxylate auxin herbicides and used to control perennial and annual broadleaf weeds in wheat, sugar beets and canola etc. In this study, dose dependent cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of clopyralid at different concentrations (25, 50, and 100 µg/mL) on the Allium cepa roots were evaluated at macroscopic (root growth) and microscopic levels (Mitotic index (MI), chromosome aberrations (CAs) in ana-telophase cells and DNA damage) using root growth inhibition, Allium ana-telophase and comet tests. The percentage root growth inhibition and concentration reducing root growth by 50% (EC50) of clopyralid in relation to the negative control were determined by using various concentrations of clopyralid (6.25–1000 µg/L). The 96 h EC50 of clopyralid was recorded as 50 µg/L. The gradual decrease in root growth and the MI reveals the cytotoxic effects of clopyralid. All the tested concentrations of clopyralid induced total CAs (polyploidy, stickiness, anaphase bridges, chromosome laggards, and disturbed ana-telophase) and DNA damage dose and time dependently. This study confirmed cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of clopyralid on non-target organism.

Cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of Lavandula stoechas aqueous extracts

Biologia ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tülay Çelik ◽  
Özlem Aslantürk
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Mitotic Index ◽  
Chromosome Aberrations ◽  
Spring Water ◽  
Root Tip ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Genotoxic Effects ◽  
Lavandula Stoechas ◽  
The World ◽  
Water Ph

AbstractLavandula genus is an important member of Labiatae (Lamiaceae) family. People use commonly Lavandula stoechas as a medicinal plant for various diseases around the world and also in Turkey. The aim of this study was to investigate cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of aqueous extracts (40, 80 and 120 g/L) from L. stoechas flowers on Allium cepa root tip meristem cells. For this purpose, A. cepa onion bulbs were treated with the above-mentioned L. stoechas flower extracts for 72 h. Spring water (pH 7.3) was used as a control. The result of this study sowed that aqueous extracts reduced mitotic index, but induced chromosome aberrations and mitotic aberrations in comparison with control, significantly (p < 0.05). Aqueous extracts induced breaks, stickiness, pole deviations and micronuclei. Furthermore, these effects were related to extract concentrations. These results showed that L. stoechas aqueous extracts have cytotoxic and genotoxic effects.

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