scholarly journals Chromosomal Abnormalities in Allium cepa Induced by Treated Textile Effluents: Spatial and Temporal Variations

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
W. M. Dimuthu Nilmini Wijeyaratne ◽  
P. G. Minola Udayangani Wickramasinghe
Keyword(s):  
Mitotic Index ◽  
Allium Cepa ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Chromosomal Abnormalities ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Temporal Variations ◽  
Root Tip ◽  
Upstream Site ◽  
Textile Effluents ◽  
Dry Seasons

Appropriate effluent treatment processes are expected to significantly reduce the toxicity of effluents before they are released to the natural environment. The present study was aimed to assess the spatial and temporal variations of the physical and chemical water quality parameters of a natural water body receiving treated textile effluents and to assess the chromosomal abnormalities induced by the treated textile effluents. Four sampling sites (A: effluent discharge point; B: 100 m downstream from site A along the tributary; C: 200 m downstream from site A along the tributary; D: 100 m upstream from site A along the tributary) were selected associated to a tributary that received treated textile effluent. The physical and chemical water quality parameters were measured in the composite water samples collected from the study sites, and Allium cepa bioassay was conducted using aged tap water as the control. Sampling was conducted in both rainy and dry seasons. The conductivity, TDS, COD, and colour intensity of the water samples collected from the study sites were significantly higher during the dry season compared to those in the rainy season. Allium cepa root meristematic cells exposed to water samples from sites A, B, and C showed a significantly high interphase and prophase indices compared to those exposed to aged tap water and upstream site during both rainy and dry seasons. The mitotic index of the root tip cells of Allium cepa bulbs exposed to the water samples collected from the effluent discharge point (site A) and from the 100 m downstream site from site A (site B) was significantly lower than that of the other sites in both rainy and dry seasons. However, the mitotic index of the root tip cells of Allium cepa bulbs exposed to the water samples from the upstream site was not significantly different from that of the control treatment during both sampling seasons. The bioassay indicated that the mitotic index and phase index of the root meristematic cells of Allium cepa can be affected by the treated textile effluents released to the water body and the occurrence of C metaphase, chromosomal adherence, bridges, disturbed anaphase, vagrant chromosomes, and chromosomal breaks indicated that the treated textile effluent receiving tributary can possibly contain genotoxic and mutagenic compounds which can induce chromosomal abnormalities.

scholarly journals Assessment of cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of Yamuna river water pollutants in an urban metropolis, Delhi (India)

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (7) ◽  
pp. 2682-2697
Author(s):  
Zahid Hameed Siddiqui ◽  
Ratnum Kaul Wattal ◽  
Hareramadas Batchu ◽  
Zahid Khorshid Abbas
Keyword(s):  
Water Samples ◽  
Chromosomal Abnormalities ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Cellular Level ◽  
Root Tip ◽  
Water Pollutants ◽  
Industrial Energy ◽  
River Yamuna

Abstract The present study evaluates the hazardous effects of water pollutants present in the River Yamuna, the lifeline of Delhi. This was done by collecting water samples from seven sites on the River Yamuna, and studying their water quality parameters (WQP). In all cases, tap water was taken as the control, and WQP like pH, salinity, electrical conductivity (EC), etc. were measured. At site 1, water was slightly alkaline, whereas maximum salinity was found at site 4. The TDS, EC, and turbidity at site 5 were found to be the highest among the studied sites. Further, water samples were used to examine the cytotoxic and genotoxic effect of pollutants in the root tip cells of Allium cepa after three and seven day's growth. There was a sharp decline in root length and root number down stream. Moreover, the squash preparations showed significant abnormalities; at the cellular level, cell shape and sizes show undesirable changes. At nuclear level binucleate cells, lobulated nuclei, micronuclei at site 3, 4, and 7 were recorded. The chromosomal abnormalities included chromosomal bridges, chromosomal loss, and abnormal orientation at different sites. This report is a cause for significant concern as the River Yamuna is Delhi's primary source of water supply for domestic, agricultural, industrial, energy, and many other purposes.

scholarly journals Genotoxic Effect of Heavy Metals Cr, Cu, Pb and Zn using Allium cepa L.

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 1181-1186 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.N. Abubacker ◽  
C. Sathya
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Allium Cepa ◽  
Chromosomal Abnormalities ◽  
Root Tip ◽  
Chromosome Loss ◽  
Chromosome Break ◽  
Root Tips ◽  
Lead And Zinc ◽  
Chromosome Bridge ◽  
Copper Lead

ABSTRACT: Angiosperms are recognized as appropriate genetic models to detect heavy metal based environmental mutagens and are used in monitoring studies. Allium cepa (onion) has been used to evaluate DNA damages like chromosome aberrations and abnormalities in the mitotic cycle. The aim of the present study is to analyze the cytotoxic effects of chromium, copper, lead and zinc in A. cepa root tip squash mitotic cell divisions. The root tips were treated with three concentrations, viz. 5, 10 and 20 mg/100 ml of chromium, copper, lead and zinc at room temperature for 24 h. Mitotic indices and chromosomal abnormalities were calculated. It was observed that these heavy metals induced different types of chromosomal abnormalities comprising of Chromosome break, Chromosome bridge, C-mitosis, Vagrant, Delayed Anaphase and Vagrant, Chromosome Loss, Polyploidy and Chromosome Bridge, Chromosome Loss and Loculated Nucles, Stickiness, Multipolarity and Polyploid prophase along with the increasing doses. The effect of chromium and lead at 20 mg/100 ml concentration was found to be more toxic rather than copper and zinc to the root meristem of A. cepa. The ranking of cytotoxic potentials was in the descending order: lead > chromium > copper > zinc.

scholarly journals Screening of Asa River water in Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria for available pollutants and its effects on mitosis and chromosomes morphology in Allium cepa cells

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
AKEEM AKINBORO ◽  
Nike Peter Aina ◽  
Mohammed Akinlabi Rufai ◽  
Asiata Omotayo Ibrahim
Keyword(s):  
Water Sample ◽  
Mitotic Index ◽  
Allium Cepa ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Volatile Organic Pollutants ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectroscopy ◽  
Index Value ◽  
Poly Aromatic Hydrocarbons

Abstract Improper disposal of wastes as an environmental problem is common in African and other developing countries of the world, and it raises concerns due to its potential threats to the life of organisms in both terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. In this study, Asa River in Ilorin, Nigeria was evaluated for cytogenotoxicity at 25.0 %, 50.0 %, 100.0 % following the Allium cepa assay. Water samples were collected from three points tagged A, B, C, and each point was 500 m apart from each other. The water samples were used to grow A . cepa for microscopic and macroscopic toxicities screenings. Heavy metals and volatile organic pollutants in the water were elucidated following the Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy. The Water samples induced higher mitotic index values, except the sample C which induced smaller mitotic index value than the negative control. Root growth in the exposed A . cepa was significantly promoted at 25.0 % of the water samples, while significant reduction was obtained at 50.0 % and 100.0 % of the sample C, and 100.0 % of the sample A. The absolute water sample A induced highest percentage chromosomal aberrations, as the water samples B and C induced higher percentage chromosomal aberration than the negative control. Cadmium was detected at a concentration higher than its permissible limit in drinking water unlike Zinc, Iron, Manganase. Poly aromatic hydrocarbons, Aromatic amines, Acridine dye, Phenolic and Polychlorinated compounds were detected in the water sample. These pollutants may be responsible for the observed proliferative, inhibitory, cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of the water samples on A . cepa cells. Our results suggest that Asa River is polluted, having potential to inflict different adverse effects on human, animals and plants utilizing it along its course.

scholarly journals Allium cepa Bio Assay to Assess the Water and Sediment Cytogenotoxicity in a Tropical Stream Subjected to Multiple Point and Nonpoint Source Pollutants

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. M. Dimuthu Nilmini Wijeyaratne ◽  
L. G. Y. J. G. Wadasinghe
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Allium Cepa ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Root Tip ◽  
Sediment Samples ◽  
Water And Sediment ◽  
Sediment Elutriates ◽  
Tip Cells ◽  
Root Tip Cells ◽  
Water And Sediment Samples

The present study was conducted to assess the cytotoxicity of water and sediments of an industrial effluent receiving water body in the western province of Sri Lanka using Allium cepa bioassay. Six sampling sites (Site A: Urban; B: Industrial; C: Water intake for public water supply; D: Industrial; E: Agricultural; F: Reference) were selected from the study area. Ten replicate water and sediment samples were collected from each site, and physical and chemical parameters were measured using standard analytical methods. Cytotoxicity of water and sediment elutriates were measured using Allium cepa bioassay. Despite the significant spatial variations, the overall water and sediment quality parameters of the study sites were in accordance with the standard ambient environment parameters to sustain a healthy aquatic life. In the A. cepa bulbs exposed to water samples, significant root growth variations were not observed within 48 hours of exposure. However, significant root length variations were observed in A. cepa bulbs exposed to sediment elutriates within the 48-hour exposure and the percentage root growth inhibition increased with increase of exposure time. Similar trend was observed in mitotic activity indicating significantly lower mitotic indices (compared to that of the reference site) in A. cepa root tip cells exposed to sediment elutriates than those exposed to water samples. Further, the highest number of nuclear abnormalities was recorded from root tip cells of A. cepa exposed to water and sediment samples from sites B, C, and D. Therefore, it is of extreme importance to identify the composition and speciation of these cytogenotoxic compounds in the tropical climatic conditions and to propose possible clean-up or treatment solutions to overcome this environmental and public health risk associated problem.

scholarly journals Cytogenetic effect of crude aqueous extract from leaf of Lycium barbarum on root tip of Allium cepa L.

2008 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 492-499
Author(s):  
Baghdad Science Journal
Keyword(s):  
Mitotic Index ◽  
Chromosome Aberration ◽  
Allium Cepa ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Sublethal Effect ◽  
Root Tip ◽  
Lycium Barbarum ◽  
Phase Index ◽  
Allium Cepa L ◽  
Crude Aqueous Extract

This study was carried out to investigate the cytogenetic effects of crude aqueous extract of Lycium barbarum on the roots tip of Allium cepa Using three concentration 125, 25, 50 mg/ ml for 2, 4, 6 hours treatment periods.This study were included some cytogenetic analysis such as mitotic index , phase index and chromosome aberration. The data showed that the treatment with 50mg/ml for 6huors led to reduce the mitotic index less than 50% . This reduction considered to have toxic and sublethal effect . These results revealed mutagenic potency by inducing differents type of chromosome aberration.

scholarly journals Possible protective effects of trans-resveratrol against 1,4-dioxane  induced toxicity in meristematic cells of plant bioassays

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deniz Kurt ◽  
Emine Yalçın ◽  
Kültiğin Çavuşoğlu
Keyword(s):  
Mitotic Index ◽  
Allium Cepa ◽  
Chromosomal Abnormalities ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Wall Thickening ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Allium Test ◽  
Meristematic Cells ◽  
Dose Dependent

Abstract Background In this study, the protective effects of trans-resveratrol against 1,4-dioxane induced toxicity in meristematic cells were investigated. For this purpose, Allium test which is a reliable test was used and the alterations in all experimental groups were examined by using physiological, cytogenetic, biochemical and anatomical parameters.Results As a result of the analysis, it has been determined that 1,4-dioxane causes serious abnormalities in Allium cepa meristematic cells. It was determined that in 1,4-dioxane treated group germination percentage regressed 1.6-times, root length reduced 12.7-times and weight gain decreased 7.7-times compared to control group. It has been observed that trans-resveratrol administration with 1,4-dioxane causes improvement in physiological parameters and reduces the damage rate from 0.4 to 0.16. Mitotic index, micronucleus and chromosomal abnormality frequency were investigated as cytogenetic parameters. It was determined that mitotic index decreased, chromosomal abnormalities and micronucleus frequency increased in 1,4-dioxane treated group. Trans-resveratrol treatment was found to cause a dose dependent improvement in genotoxic effects induced by 1,4-dioxane. Changes in the antioxidant system in all experimental groups were determined by measuring malondialdehyde, glutathione, superoxide dismutase and catalase enzyme levels. It was determined that 1,4-dioxane administration caused an increase in malondialdehyde level, decreased glutathion rate and induced antioxidant enzyme activity. Trans-resveratrol application was found to cause improvement in these alterations induced by 1,4-dioxane. It was observed that the 200 mg/mL trans-resveratrol+1,4-dioxane treatment caused a 1.9-fold decrease in malondialdehyde level which is indicator of lipid peroxidation compared to only 1,4-dioxane treated group. The abnormalities caused by 1,4-dioxane application in the meristematic cells are also found in the anatomical structure. In 1,4-dioxane treatment group, anatomical changes such as cell deformation and cortex wall thickening were observed. The frequency of these changes decreased with trans-resveratrol administration.Conclusions As a result, it was determined that 1,4-dioxane caused a versatile toxicity in Allium cepa meristematic cells, while trans-resveratrol was found to have a dose-dependent protective feature against 1,4-dioxane-induced toxicity.

Anti-mitotic and anti-genotoxic effects of Plantago lanceolata aqueous extract on Allium cepa root tip meristem cells

Biologia ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 61 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tülay Aşkin Çelik ◽  
Özlem Aslantürk
Keyword(s):  
Traditional Medicine ◽  
Allium Cepa ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Plantago Lanceolata ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Root Tip ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Genotoxic Effects ◽  
H2o2 Treatment ◽  
Onion Bulbs

AbstractPlantago is the most important genus of Plantaginaceae family and is used in traditional medicine around the world for different purposes. Plantago coronopus L., Plantago major L., Plantago media L. and Plantago lanceolata L. are most commonly used species of Plantago in traditional medicine in Turkey. The main goal of this study was to investigate the eventual anti-mitotic and anti-genotoxic effects of P. lanceolata L. leaf aqueous extracts (15 g/L and 30 g/L) on Allium cepa L. root tip meristem cells which were treated with 0.7% hydrogen peroxide. For this purpose, two different experiments were performed under the same conditions. In the first experiment, Allium cepa onion bulbs were treated with 0.7% H2O2 for 1 h. After the H2O2 treatment, the onion bulbs were treated with two different concentrations (15 g/L and 30 g/L) of P. lanceolata extracts for 24 h. In the second experiment, A. cepa onion bulbs were treated with two different extract concentrations (15 g/L and 30 g/L) for 24 h and then with 0.7% H2O2 for 1 h. The test concentrations were determined according to doses which are recommended in alternative medicinal usage by people. As positive and negative control 0.7% H2O2 and tap water was used, respectively. As a result, it was determined that aqueous extracts reduced mitotic index and chromosome aberrations in treatment groups in comparison with controls. These results showed that P. lanceolata aqueous extracts have anti-mitotic and anti-genotoxic effects.

scholarly journals Effects of L-lysine on cytogenetical and physiological parameters in Allium cepa L. under salt stress

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 625-632
Author(s):  
Dilek Çavuşoğlu
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Allium Cepa ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Chromosomal Abnormalities ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Nacl Stress ◽  
Physiological Parameters ◽  
Root Tip ◽  
Allium Cepa L

The role of L-lysine (Lys) on some cytogenetic and physiological parameters in Allium cepa L. seeds exposed to salt was evaluated. NaCl stress on the other hand showed a significantly inhibitory effect on the seedling growth and seed germination of Allium cepa. Besides, it significantly reduced the mitotic index in the root tip meristems of seeds and increased micronuclei which are the most effective and simplest indicator of cytological damage and chromosomal abnormalities. However, the effects of salinity on chromosomal aberrations, seedling growth, seed germination and mitotic activity have decreased significantly with Lys application.

scholarly journals Effect of Chemical Mutagens on Chromosomal behavior of Allium cepa L

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 2202
Author(s):  
Jyotirmoy Sharma ◽  
Jinu Devi Rajkumari ◽  
Ingtipi W. ◽  
Rakesh Boro ◽  
Shivani Das
Keyword(s):  
Mitotic Index ◽  
Allium Cepa ◽  
Chromosomal Abnormalities ◽  
Root Tips ◽  
Duration Of Treatment ◽  
Chemical Mutagens ◽  
Increase With Increase ◽  
Allium Cepa L ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Multinuclear Cells

Effect of chemical mutagens was studied in mitotic cells of Allium cepa L. For this purpose root tips were treated with saturated solution of peradichloro benzene, 0.2% EMS and 0.2 % freshly prepared colchicines for 4hours to 9hours.The studies revealed a wide range of chromosomal abnormalities such as stickiness, laggards, chromosomal bridge, unequal separation, nuclear budding, multinuclear cells etc.The parentage of chromosomal abnormalities in different mitotic stages were calculated on mitotic index, frequency of phases and percentage of abnormalities in mitosis. The chromosomal abnormalities increase with increase duration of treatment. The results showed that in colchicines and EMS more than 50% abnormalities ware observed after 8 hrs of treatment, while in PDB it takes 6 hours treatment. Minimum MI was recorded as 65% in controlled cells. In colchicines and EMS treated cells 0.9.5%, 20% MI ware observed after 8hrs of treatment. Whereas in PDB maximum 23% MI was recorded in cells treated for 6hrs.

Acanthamoeba Species in Tap Water, Egypt

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad Z Al-Herrawy ◽  
Mohamed A Marouf ◽  
Mahmoud A. Gad
Keyword(s):  
Water Samples ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Pulmonary Infections ◽  
Clinical Syndromes ◽  
Acanthamoeba Species ◽  
Amebic Encephalitis ◽  
Acanthamoeba Culbertsoni ◽  
Autumn And Winter

Genus Acanthamoeba causes 3 clinical syndromes amebic keratitis, granulomatous amebic encephalitis and disseminated granulomatous amebic disease (eg, sinus, skin and pulmonary infections). A total of 144 tap water samples were collected from Giza governorate, Egypt. Samples were processed for detection of Acanthamoeba species using non-nutrient agar (NNA) and were incubated at 30oC. The isolates of Acanthamoeba were identified to species level based on the morphologic criteria. Molecular characterization of the Acanthamoeba isolates to genus level was performed by using PCR. The obtained results showed that the highest occurrence percentage of Acanthamoeba species in water samples was observed in summer season (38.9%), then it decreased to be 30.6% in spring and 25% in each of autumn and winter. PCR analysis showed that 100% of 43 Acanthamoeba morphologically positive samples were positive by genus specific primer. In the present study eight species of Acanthamoeba can be morphologically recognized namely Acanthamoeba triangularis, Acanthamoeba echinulata, Acanthamoeba astronyxis, Acanthamoeba comandoni, Acanthamoeba griffini, Acanthamoeba culbertsoni, Acanthamoeba quina and Acanthamoeba lenticulata. In conclusion, the most common Acanthamoeba species in tap water was Acanthamoeba comandoni

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