Soil carbon dioxide efflux determined from large undisturbed soil cores collected in different soil management systems

Biologia ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eszter Tóth ◽  
Sándor Koós ◽  
Csilla Farkas
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Water Content ◽  
Soil Management ◽  
Measuring Method ◽  
Soil Co2 Efflux ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Co2 Efflux ◽  
Soil Co2 ◽  
Undisturbed Soil

AbstractThe aim of this study was to evaluate a measuring technique for determining soil CO2 efflux from large soil samples having undisturbed structure under controlled laboratory conditions. Further objectives were to use the developed measuring method for comparing soil CO2 efflux from samples, collected in three different soil management systems at various soil water content values. The experimental technique was tested and optimised for timing of sampling by taking air samples after 1, 3 and 6 hours of incubation. Based on the results, the incubation time was set to three hours. The CO2 efflux measured for different soil management systems was the highest in the no-till and the lowest in the ploughing treatment, which was in accordance with measurements on accessible organic carbon for microbes. An increase in CO2 efflux with increasing soil water content was found in the studied soil water content range. Our results indicate that soil respiration rates, measured directly after tillage operations, can highly differ from those measured long after.

scholarly journals Soil CO2 efflux in a beech forest: dependence on soil temperature and soil water content

1999 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 221-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Epron ◽  
Lætitia Farque ◽  
Éric Lucot ◽  
Pierre-Marie Badot
Keyword(s):  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Water Content ◽  
Beech Forest ◽  
Soil Co2 Efflux ◽  
Co2 Efflux ◽  
Soil Co2 ◽  
Forest Dependence

scholarly journals Soil CO<sub>2</sub> efflux in an old-growth southern conifer forests (<i>Agathis australis</i>) – magnitude, components, and controls

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luitgard Schwendenmann ◽  
Cate Macinnis-Ng
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Water Content ◽  
Root Biomass ◽  
Soil Co2 Efflux ◽  
Co2 Efflux ◽  
Soil Co2 ◽  
Total Soil

Abstract. Total soil CO2 efflux and its component fluxes, autotrophic and heterotrophic respiration, were measured in a native forest in northern Aotearoa-New Zealand. The forest is dominated by Agathis australis (kauri) and is on an acidic, clay rich soil. Soil CO2 efflux, volumentric soil water content and soil temperature were measured bi-weekly to monthly at 42 locations over 18 months. Trenching and regression analysis was used to partition the total soil CO2 efflux. The effect of tree structure was investigated by calculating an index of local contribution (Ic, based on tree size and distance to the measurement location) followed by correlation analysis between Ic and soil CO2 efflux, root biomass, litterfall and soil characteristics. The mean total soil CO2 efflux was 3.47 μmol m−2 s−1. Using uni- and bivariate models showed that soil temperature (< 40 %) and volumetric soil water content (< 20 %) were poor predictors of the temporal variation in total soil CO2 efflux. In contrast, a stronger temperature sensitivity (around 57 %) was found for heterotrophic respiration. Autotrophic respiration accounted for 25 (trenching) or 28 % (regression analysis) of total soil CO2 efflux. We found significant positive relationships between kauri tree size distribution (Ic) and soil CO2 efflux, root biomass and mineral soil CN ratio within 5–6 m of the measurement points. Using multiple regression analysis revealed that 97 % of the spatial variability in soil CO2 efflux in this kauri dominated stand was explained by root biomass and soil temperature. Our findings highlight the need to consider tree species effects and spatial patterns in soil carbon related studies.

scholarly journals An empirical model for describing the influence of water content and concentration of sulfamethoxazole (antibiotic) in soil on the total net CO2 efflux

2020 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 351-358
Author(s):  
Miroslav Fér ◽  
Radka Kodešová ◽  
Barbora Kalkušová ◽  
Aleš Klement ◽  
Antonín Nikodem
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Water Content ◽  
Solution Treatment ◽  
Soil Microbial Activity ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Co2 Efflux ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Water Contents ◽  
Soil Water Contents

AbstractThe aim of the study was to describe the impact of the soil water content and sulfamethoxazole, SUL, (antibiotic) concentration in soil on the net CO2 efflux. Soil samples were taken from topsoils of a Haplic Fluvisol and Haplic Chernozem. Soil samples were packed into the steel cylinders. The net CO2 efflux was measured from these soil columns after application of fresh water or SUL solution at different soil water contents. The experiments were carried out in dark at 20°C. The trends in the net CO2 efflux varied for different treatments. While initially high values for water treatment exponentially decreased in time, values for solution treatment increased during the first 250–650 minutes and then decreased. The total net CO2 effluxes measured for 20 hours related to the soil water content followed the second order polynomial functions. The maximal values were measured for the soil water content of 0.15 cm3 cm−3 (Haplic Fluvisol with water or solution, Haplic Chernozem with solution) and 0.11 cm3 cm−3 (Haplic Chernozem with water). The ratios between values measured for solution and water at the same soil water contents exponentially increased with increasing SUL concentration in soils. This proved the increasing stimulative influence of SUL on soil microbial activity.

Influence of soil-water content on CO2 efflux within the elevation transect heavily impacted by erosion

Ecohydrology ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. e1989 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miroslav Fér ◽  
Radka Kodešová ◽  
Antonín Nikodem ◽  
Klára Jelenová ◽  
Aleš Klement
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Water Content ◽  
Co2 Efflux

scholarly journals Soil Structure and Texture Effects on the Precision of Soil Water Content Measurements with a Capacitance- Based Electromagnetic Sensor

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 141-152
Author(s):  
Jasreman Singh ◽  
Derek M. Heeren ◽  
Daran R. Rudnick ◽  
Wayne E. Woldt ◽  
Geng Bai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Water Content ◽  
Sensor Calibration ◽  
Soil Water Depletion ◽  
Undisturbed Soil ◽  
Water Depletion ◽  
Soil Moisture Sensors ◽  
Electromagnetic Sensor

HighlightsCapacitance-based electromagnetic soil moisture sensors were tested in disturbed and undisturbed soils.The uncertainty in estimation of soil water depth was lower using the undisturbed soil sample calibrations.The uncertainty in estimation of soil water depletion was lower than the uncertainty in volumetric water content.Undisturbed calibration of water depletion quantifies water demand with better precision and avoids over-watering.Abstract. The physical properties of soil, such as structure and texture, can affect the performance of an electromagnetic sensor in measuring soil water content. Historically, calibrations have been performed on repacked samples in the laboratory and on soils in the field, but little research has been done on laboratory calibrations with intact (undisturbed) soil cores. In this study, three replications each of disturbed and undisturbed soil samples were collected from two soil texture classes (Yutan silty clay loam and Fillmore silt loam) at a field site in eastern Nebraska to investigate the effects of soil structure and texture on the precision of a METER Group GS-1 capacitance-based sensor calibration. In addition, GS-1 sensors were installed in the field near the soil collection sites at three depths (0.15, 0.46, and 0.76 m). The soil moisture sensor had higher precision in the undisturbed laboratory setup, as the undisturbed calibration had a better correlation [slope closer to one, R2undisturbed (0.89) &gt; R2disturbed (0.73)] than the disturbed calibrations for the Yutan and Fillmore texture classes, and the root mean square difference using the laboratory calibration (RMSDL) was higher for pooled disturbed samples (0.053 m3 m-3) in comparison to pooled undisturbed samples (0.023 m3 m-3). The uncertainty in determination of volumetric water content (?v) was higher using the factory calibration (RMSDF) in comparison to the laboratory calibration (RMSDL) for the different soil structures and texture classes. In general, the uncertainty in estimation of soil water depth was greater than the uncertainty in estimation of soil water depletion by the sensors installed in the field, and the uncertainties in estimation of depth and depletion were lower using the calibration developed from the undisturbed soil samples. The undisturbed calibration of soil water depletion would determine water demand with better precision and potentially avoid over-watering, offering relief from water shortages. Further investigation of sensor calibration techniques is required to enhance the applicability of soil moisture sensors for efficient irrigation management. Keywords: Calibration, Capacitance, Depletion, Irrigation, Precision, Sensor, Soil water content, Structure, Uncertainty.

Effects of Soil Water Content on Oxadiazon Dissipation

Weed Science ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 697-701 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael R. Barrett ◽  
Terry L. Lavy
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Water Content ◽  
Laboratory Study ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Silt Loam

In a Crowley silt loam, between 30 kPa, continuous flood, and alternate flood laboratory treatments at 25 C, dissipation of incorporated oxadiazon [2-tert-butyl-4(2,4-dichloro-5-isopropoxyphenyl)-Δ2-1,3,4-oxadiazolin-5-one] varied little, with an average of 59% remaining after 20 weeks. In the greenhouse, subsurface application of oxadiazon reduced its phytotoxicity but increased its persistence up to four times more than with surface-applied oxadiazon. In the field, 50% of the surface-applied oxadiazon dissipated from the soil within 6 to 11 days when the soil was flush irrigated and then flooded, compared to 15 to 17 days when the soil was irrigated but not flooded in two rice (Oryza sativaL.) management systems. Oxadiazon dissipation in the field was greater during the first 2 or 3 weeks after application than in the laboratory study. This is explained at least partially by the lack of herbicide incorporation in the field.

scholarly journals Drought stress tolerance of two wheat genotypes

2008 ◽  
Vol 3 (Special Issue No. 1) ◽  
pp. S95-S104 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Lukács ◽  
G. Pártay ◽  
T. Németh ◽  
S. Csorba ◽  
C. Farkas
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Water Balance ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Water Content ◽  
Soil Columns ◽  
Undisturbed Soil ◽  
Wheat Genotypes

Biotic and abiotic stress effects can limit the productivity of plants to great extent. In Hungary, drought is one of the most important constrains of biomass production, even at the present climatic conditions. The climate change scenarios, developed for the Carpathian basin for the nearest future predict further decrease in surface water resources. Consequently, it is essential to develop drought stress tolerant wheat genotypes to ensure sustainable and productive wheat production under changed climate conditions. The aim of the present study was to compare the stress tolerance of two winter wheat genotypes at two different scales. Soil water regime and development of plants, grown in a pot experiment and in large undisturbed soil columns were evaluated. The pot experiments were carried out in a climatic room in three replicates. GK Élet wheat genotype was planted in six, and Mv Emese in other six pots. Two pots were left without plant for evaporation studies. Based on the mass of the soil columns without plant the evaporation from the bare soil surface was calculated in order to distinguish the evaporation and the transpiration with appropriate precision. A complex stress diagnosis system was developed to monitor the water balance elements. ECH<sub>2</sub>O type capacitive soil moisture probes were installed in each of the pots to perform soil water content measurements four times a day. The irrigation demand was determined according to the hydrolimits, derived from soil hydrophysical properties. In case of both genotypes three plants were provided with the optimum water supply, while the other three ones were drought-stressed. In the undisturbed soil columns, the same wheat genotypes were sawn in one replicate. Similar watering strategy was applied. TDR soil moisture probes were installed in the soil at various depths to monitor changes in soil water content. In order to study the drought stress reaction of the wheat plants, microsensors of 1.6 mm diameter were implanted into the stems and connected to a quadrupole mass spectrometer for gas analysis. The stress status was indicated in the plants grown on partly non-irrigated soil columns by the lower CO<sub>2</sub> level at both genotypes. It was concluded that the developed stress diagnosis system could be used for soil water balance elements calculations. This enables more precise estimation of plant water consumption in order to evaluate the drought sensitivity of different wheat genotypes.

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