A review of biological research in the Vistula Lagoon

Author(s):  
Ewa Paturej ◽  
Agnieszka Gutkowska ◽  
Joanna Mierzejewska

AbstractThe Vistula Lagoon, a brackish water body that offers unique living conditions to aquatic organisms, is an interesting object of hydrobiological investigations. This paper presents a review of biological research conducted on the Vistula Lagoon, from simple floristic and faunistic analyses to satellite-based comprehensive environmental analyses. Changes that occurred in the studied aquatic ecosystem due to human pressure over the last century are discussed. Innovative research technologies determined what measures should be taken to preserve the unique biocenoses in the Vistula Lagoon.

Author(s):  
Andrei Sokolov ◽  
Andrei Sokolov ◽  
Boris Chubarenko ◽  
Boris Chubarenko

Three dumping sites located at the south-eastern part of the Baltic Sea (Kaliningrad Oblast) at shallow depths are considered. The first one is located to the south of the Vistula Lagoon inlet in front of a permanently eroded open marine shore segment. The second one is located to the north of the Vistula Lagoon inlet, and is used now for disposing of dredged material extracted from the Kaliningrad Seaway Canal. The third dumping site is located near the northern shore of the Sambian Peninsula to the east of the Cape Gvardeijski and assigned for disposing the dredged material extracted from the fairway to the Pionerskij Port located nearby. The last site is planned to be used for disposing of dredged material from the future port that should be constructed there before the beginning of the FIFA World Cup 2018. All three dumping sites are located not far from the eroded segments of the shore. The question behind the study is: would it possible that disposed material will naturally transported from the damping site to the shore and accumulate there to protect it from erosion? A numerical hydrodynamic-transport 3D model (MIKE) was used to model sediment transport under different wind actions. The winds with the speed stronger than 15 m/s complete wash out disposed material from the dumping site and spreading it over the wide area with a negligible layer thickness. Winds of about 7-10 m/s transport material along the shore at a distance of few kilometers that may be useful for shore protection. The first location of the dumping site (to the south of the Vistula Lagoon inlet) looks very ineffective for potential protection the shore nearby. At the other hand, the second and especially the third locations are favorable for transport of disposed material to the shore, the most favorable conditions are at onshore or alongshore currents.


Author(s):  
Andrei Sokolov ◽  
Andrei Sokolov ◽  
Boris Chubarenko ◽  
Boris Chubarenko

Three dumping sites located at the south-eastern part of the Baltic Sea (Kaliningrad Oblast) at shallow depths are considered. The first one is located to the south of the Vistula Lagoon inlet in front of a permanently eroded open marine shore segment. The second one is located to the north of the Vistula Lagoon inlet, and is used now for disposing of dredged material extracted from the Kaliningrad Seaway Canal. The third dumping site is located near the northern shore of the Sambian Peninsula to the east of the Cape Gvardeijski and assigned for disposing the dredged material extracted from the fairway to the Pionerskij Port located nearby. The last site is planned to be used for disposing of dredged material from the future port that should be constructed there before the beginning of the FIFA World Cup 2018. All three dumping sites are located not far from the eroded segments of the shore. The question behind the study is: would it possible that disposed material will naturally transported from the damping site to the shore and accumulate there to protect it from erosion? A numerical hydrodynamic-transport 3D model (MIKE) was used to model sediment transport under different wind actions. The winds with the speed stronger than 15 m/s complete wash out disposed material from the dumping site and spreading it over the wide area with a negligible layer thickness. Winds of about 7-10 m/s transport material along the shore at a distance of few kilometers that may be useful for shore protection. The first location of the dumping site (to the south of the Vistula Lagoon inlet) looks very ineffective for potential protection the shore nearby. At the other hand, the second and especially the third locations are favorable for transport of disposed material to the shore, the most favorable conditions are at onshore or alongshore currents.


Author(s):  
Vladimir Chechko ◽  
Vladimir Chechko ◽  
Boris Chubarenko ◽  
Boris Chubarenko

Vistula Lagoon is the second largest lagoon in the Baltic Sea with maximum depth 5.2 m and average depth 2.7 m. Water volume and area are 2.3 km3 and 838 km2. Lagoon is connected with the Baltic Sea by single inlet 400 m wide and 10-12 m deep. Sediment budget estimation were made using literature sources, results of field measurements (hydrology, suspended sediment content, upper layer sediment structure, direct measurements of sedimentation in summer and winter conditions). The budget for terrigene and biogenic components of sediments were made, considering their contributions from the rivers, inflow from the Baltic Sea, coastal erosion and aerial flux, biological production within the lagoon, totally - ca. 730 thousands ton per year. Nearly half of total gain is washed out (105 and 244 thousands ton per year of terrigene and biogenic components), another half is dissolved and mineralized (biogenic component), and only 10% is deposited on the bottom, resulting in rather low sedimentation rate - 0.4 mm/year during last 100 years. Paper explain the reason of difference with estimation made in (Chubarenko&Chubarenko, 2002) and concludes that the clarification of estimates of the amounts of sediments transported from the lagoon to the Baltic Sea is a critical element for understanding the evolution of the Vistula Lagoon as a sedimentation system.


Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 1328
Author(s):  
Michał Szydłowski ◽  
Wojciech Artichowicz ◽  
Piotr Zima

The Vistula Lagoon is located in both Poland and Russia along the southern coast of the Baltic Sea. It is connected to the Baltic Sea in the Russian part by the Strait of Baltiysk. The purpose of the paper is to identify the dominant factors underlying the water level variation mechanism at Tolkmicko in the Vistula Lagoon, revealed by a statistical analysis of the measured data and a discussion on the inflow and outflow transport variation through the strait, estimated by numerical modeling. Seawater transport is exceptionally valuable in terms of the hydrological water balance in the lagoon. Historical research on the hydrology of the lagoon shows that the water exchange in the lagoon is quite complex due to the presence of several different sources of water balance, such as seawater inflow, river inflow, groundwater inflow, precipitation, and evaporation. Unfortunately, there are no current data on seawater inflow and outflow through the Strait of Baltiysk due to the lack of continuous flow measurements in the strait. A novelty of the current work is an in-depth statistical analysis of the water level variation in the Polish part of the lagoon over a long time period and an estimation of water transport through the Strait of Baltiysk by use of a numerical model. The model reproduces well the water level variation responding to variations in the sea level outside the lagoon and the wind action over the lagoon. The years 2008–2017 were chosen as the analysis period. A two-dimensional free surface shallow water numerical model of the lagoon was adapted to simulate the water level variation in view of the wind over the lagoon and the sea level variation at one open boundary. Finally, it was concluded that the water level variation on the Polish side of the Vistula Lagoon is dominated by two factors: the water level in the Gulf of Gdańsk and the wind over the lagoon. The average annual marine water inflow into the Vistula Lagoon was estimated to be equal to 15.87 km3.


2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Adam Weintrit ◽  
Jacek Pietraszkiewicz ◽  
Wiesław Piotrzkowski ◽  
Wojciech Tycholiz

Abstract In recent years the transition of marine navigation to the digital era has been gaining momentum. Implementation of e-Navigation solutions varies from country to country in terms of their priorities, goals, levels and effects. Maritime authorities in Poland have been setting the pace in this transition process, not only in Poland but also in general as a global solution. The most recent example is the planned deployment of a variety of e-Navigation tools in the Vistula Lagoon: from GNSS-RTK Ground-Based Augmentation System, to virtual and synthetic aids to navigation, high-resolution bathymetry and advanced navigational software for piloting. The major objectives of this paper are, first, to summarise recent dynamics in the e-Navigation field, and second, to present a practical implementation of the e-Navigation concept in the Vistula Lagoon area.


Author(s):  
Э.Б. Зальцман

В работе характеризуются новые материалы, полученные в ходе исследований неолитических (по прибалтийской периодизации) поселений побережья Вислинского залива. Данные древности, по всем признакам, относятся к культуре воронковидных кубков, памятники которой ранее в регионе были неизвестны. Все материалы КВК выявлены на поселениях, основные культурные комплексы с которых относятся к приморской культуре шнуровой керамики (рис. 1). Незначительные по размерам стоянки КВК существовали здесь до прихода населения приморской культуры. В Ушаково 3 керамика КВК найдена в культурном слое в восточной части раскопа, где она залегала в основном отдельно от керамики приморской культуры (рис. 2–4). В Прибрежном кроме керамических материалов зафиксированы следы 2 построек с двухрядной столбовой конструкцией стен (рис. 5). Постройки наземного типа, удлиненной формы, шириной не более 3,2 м. Технологические и морфологические характеристики фрагментов керамики, обнаруженной в пределах построек, не оставляют сомнений в том, что эти комплексы принадлежат КВК (рис. 6: 1, 13). Кроме того, здесь же выявлены две амфоры с типичными чертами баденизации в КВК (рис. 6: 14, 15). Керамика КВК встречалась также и в культурном слое поселения (рис. 7: 1, 3, 4, 6, 7, 10, 12). Все материалы КВК с поселений Ушаково 3 и Прибрежное датируются в диапазоне 3500–3100 гг. CalBC (Приложение 1). Наиболее вероятно, что небольшие по численности группы населения КВК проникли в прибрежную зону около середины IV тыс. до н. э., когда на этой территории уже продолжительное время существовали местные сообщества цедмарской неолитической культуры. The paper characterizes new materials obtained during the excavations of Neolithic sites (according to the Baltic periodization) in the Vistula Lagoon coast. These antiquities are attributed to the Funnel Beaker culture the sites of which have not been discovered in this region before. All FBC materials were identified at settlements where the main cultural assemblages are attributed to the Primorskaya Corded Ware Culture (Fig. 1). Small FBC sites had existed in this area before the arrival of the Primorskaya culture population. Ushakovo 3 revealed FBC ceramics in the occupation layer located in the eastern part of the excavation trench where, in most cases, these artifacts were lying separately from the Primorskaya culture ceramics (Fig. 2–4). Traces of two constructions with a double-row pillar wall structure (Fig. 5) were recorded at Pribrezhnoye. Technological and morphological characteristics of the ceramics discovered in the constructions leave no doubt that these assemblages belong to the FBC (Fig. 6: 1, 13). Two amphorae with typical features of «badenization» in the FBC were discovered at this site as well (Fig. 6: 14, 15). The FBC ceramics also occurred in the occupation layer of the site (Fig. 7: 1, 3, 4, 6, 7, 10, 12). All FBC materials from Ushakovo 3 and Pribrezhnoye fall within 3500–3100 CalBC (Appendix 1). Most likely, around mid 4th millennium BC small FBC population groups reached the coastal area which had been already inhabited by local Zedmar Neolithic communities for a long time.


2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-80
Author(s):  
Tamara Zalewska ◽  
Paulina Brzeska-Roszczyk ◽  
Beata Danowska ◽  
Mariusz Pełechaty

AbstractThe paper presents the first data on the concentrations of heavy metals (Cd, Pb, Zn, Cu, Ni, Cr, Mn) and 137Cs and their contamination ratios (CR) in the most abundant species of macrophytes in the Vistula Lagoon. No significant differences in the concentrations of heavy metals and 137Cs between macrophyte taxa or the influence of rivers flowing into the Vistula Lagoon on heavy metal concentrations in the area were found. The concentrations of heavy metals in macrophyte taxa varied in the following ranges: Cd – 0.1–0.7 mg kg−1 d.w.; Pb – 0.5–5.0 mg kg-1 d.w.; Zn – 29–390 mg kg-1 d.w.; Cu – 2.5–8.3 mg kg-1 d.w.; Ni – 0.4–6.8 mg kg−1 d.w.; Cr – 0.5–2.8 mg kg−1 d.w.; Mn – 380–8500 mg kg−1 d.w. Since the 1990s, a decline or stable state of heavy metal concentrations in bottom sediments has been observed, reflecting changes in the environment of the Vistula Lagoon. The linear sedimentation rate in the Vistula Lagoon was 3.3 mm y−1. The results presented in the paper can serve as a baseline for assessing changes in the environmental status of the Vistula Lagoon, which may occur as a result of future investments, including building a new navigable canal through the Vistula Spit.


2020 ◽  
Vol 103 (2) ◽  
pp. 439-448
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Kaleniecka ◽  
Paweł K Zarzycki

Abstract Background: This research reports a multivariate experiment enabling observation of the potential application of macrocyclic compound [β-cyclodextrin (β-CD)] and/or duckweed organisms as the active factors for elimination of selected bisphenols A, B, and S from water samples. Objective: Target bisphenols selection was based on observation that such components can be present in food or environmental samples (e.g., vegetable/fruit juices, milk, drinking water, or treated wastewater). Methods: Biological research was carried out using aquatic organisms containing chlorophyll, particularly duckweed (Lemna minor L), that may work as an active biomass for the elimination or extraction of bisphenols micropollutants from water. Using such a system, we studied the potential encapsulation effect and removal efficiency of nontoxic macrocyclic oligosaccharide (β-cyclodextrin) acting as an encapsulation reagent to promote the removal of selected bisphenols from liquid phase both with and without the presence of duckweed biomass. Results: Experimental data have revealed that β-CD or combined β-CD/duckweed system has an effect on bisphenols elimination from water. The initial data set obtained from this preliminary experiment (and combined with supramolecular complex formation data calculated from chromatographic experiments, published previously) enables designing of further experiments focusing on the development of green chemistry technology. Conclusions: It is hoped that this may be used for the efficient removal of low-molecular-mass micropollutants using classical technological wastewater treatment processes modified by biomass and macrocyclic additives. This process needs to be optimized, but the results presented have revealed that such green chemistry technology, if successful, may be an interesting alternative for the selective removal of the micropollutants investigated from wastewater using classical adsorbents (e.g., carbons and carbon-related nanomaterials), particularly in terms of the worldwide problem with microplastic pollutants in the environment and food products.


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