scholarly journals Forward-Looking Model Dedicated to the Study of Electric Vehicle Range Considering Drive Cycles

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-59
Author(s):  
Khaled Atamnia ◽  
Abdesselam Lebaroud ◽  
Saikat Adikari
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Forward Modeling ◽  
Motor Power ◽  
General Motor ◽  
Driving Cycles ◽  
Battery Capacity ◽  
Driving Range ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Forward Looking

Abstract This paper deals with the forward-looking model of an electric vehicle (EV). Various simulation tests have been conducted to investigate the effects of the environmental conditions and powertrain design on the EV driving range. The simulation results show the importance of the forward modeling approach in selecting the EV components such as the battery capacity, the power and torque limits of the electric motor, and the impact of this selection on the EV performance during different driving cycles. The simulation results manifest that the forward model is useful when scaling the battery pack to determine the maximum capacity and selecting the suitable motor power and its size. The characteristics of the General Motor EV1 model have been selected in this study to verify the proposed approach.

scholarly journals The Impact of HVAC on the Development of Autonomous and Electric Vehicle Concepts

Energies ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 441
Author(s):  
Adrian König ◽  
Sebastian Mayer ◽  
Lorenzo Nicoletti ◽  
Stephan Tumphart ◽  
Markus Lienkamp
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Concept Development ◽  
Vehicle Concept ◽  
Driving Cycles ◽  
Driving Range ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Vehicle Size ◽  
Weather Scenario

Automation and electrification are changing vehicles and mobility. Whereas electrification is mainly changing the powertrain, automation enables the rethinking of the vehicle and its applications. The actual driving range is an important requirement for the design of automated and electric vehicles, especially if they are part of a fleet. To size the battery accordingly, not only the consumption of the powertrain has to be estimated, but also that of the auxiliary users. Heating Ventilation and Air Conditioning (HVAC) is one of the biggest auxiliary consumers. Thus, a variable HVAC model for vehicles with electric powertrain was developed to estimate the consumption depending on vehicle size and weather scenario. After integrating the model into a tool for autonomous and electric vehicle concept development, various vehicle concepts were simulated in different weather scenarios and driving cycles with the HVAC consumption considered for battery sizing. The results indicate that the battery must be resized significantly depending on the weather scenario to achieve the same driving ranges. Furthermore, the percentage of HVAC consumption is in some cases higher than that of the powertrain for urban driving cycles, due to lower average speeds. Thus, the HVAC and its energy demand should especially be considered in the development of autonomous and electric vehicles that are primarily used in cities.

Transmission Ratio Optimization of Electric Vehicle Powertrain

2013 ◽  
Vol 397-400 ◽  
pp. 987-992 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Ming Wang ◽  
Chang Qing Du ◽  
Xia Nan Li ◽  
Fu Wu Yan
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Transmission System ◽  
Transmission Ratio ◽  
Reduction Gear ◽  
Vehicle Performance ◽  
Driving Range ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Ratio Optimization

Improving the driving range and driving performance are critical for pure electric vehicles (EV). Transmission ratios directly affects drivability and economy of EV. This paper analyzed the impact of various transmission ratios on the performance of EV, verified the vehicle performance with different transmission ratios by simulation with models built with GT-drive software, and based on EV performance requests, optimized the EV transmission ratios, presents single reduction gear and multi-speed transmission ratio scheme respectively, compared the EV performance with these two transmission schemes respectively, simulation results show that multi-speed transmission system can improve the performance of electric vehicle on dynamic and economy.

Design of Powertrain of Electric Vehicle with Requirement of Performance Indexes

2012 ◽  
Vol 512-515 ◽  
pp. 2629-2632
Author(s):  
Jun Wei Li ◽  
Jing Chen ◽  
Yu Hai Wang
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Electric Motor ◽  
Performance Parameters ◽  
Vehicle Dynamic ◽  
Design Requirement ◽  
Vehicle Performance ◽  
Performance Indexes ◽  
Driving Range ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Vehicle Dynamic Model

Based on the vehicle dynamic model and it’s parameters, the drive train arrangement is chosen composed of power batteries, an electric motor and transmission, and the components’ performance parameters are determined according to the design requirement of performance indexes. The model of the electric vehicle is built, and the simulation and analysis of vehicle performance indexes, such as the ability to accelerate, top speed, climbing performance and the driving range, are conducted. The simulation results show that the performance index of the electric vehicle can fully meet the design requirement.

Ambient Temperature Effects on Battery Electric Vehicle

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yiqun Liu ◽  
Y. Gene Liao ◽  
Ming-Chia Lai
Keyword(s):  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Fuel Economy ◽  
Battery Pack ◽  
Battery Electric Vehicle ◽  
Vehicle Performance ◽  
Production Type ◽  
Battery Capacity ◽  
Equivalent Fuel ◽  
Driving Range

Abstract The driving range of an electric vehicle depends on the vehicle weight, road load conditions, battery capacity, and battery performance. The battery rated capacity and its characteristics could be heavily affected by the ambient temperature. This paper investigates the effects of ambient temperature on the electric vehicle driving range, equivalent fuel economy, and performance. A production-type battery electric vehicle is modeled and simulated in the AVL-Cruise platform using semi-empirical data. The modeled vehicle battery pack consists of 20Ah Lithium-Nickel-Manganese-Cobalt-Oxide (LiNiMnCoO2) cells. The battery cell characteristics are experimentally measured to build the battery pack model. The simulated driving range and equivalent fuel economy are correlated with the published information as vehicle model validation. Series of simulations on driving cycles (UDDS, HWFET, US06, and WLTP) with across a broad range of ambient temperatures are conducted to investigate the quantified effects of ambient temperature on driving range, equivalent fuel economy, and vehicle performance. Simulation results show that driving range and fuel economy are much reduced to 70% at low ambient temperature. Driving range and fuel economy are almost not affected by high ambient temperature, such as 50 C, since this model does not include accessory load of thermal management. The vehicle performance is almost not affected by the ambient temperature.

Study the Impact of Driver’s Behavior on the Energy Efficiency of Hybrid Electric Vehicles

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Feng ◽  
Bo Chen
Keyword(s):  
Energy Loss ◽  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Simulation Study ◽  
Fuel Economy ◽  
Hybrid Electric Vehicle ◽  
Fuel Efficiency ◽  
Aggressive Driving ◽  
Driving Cycles ◽  
Hybrid Electric ◽  
The Impact

This paper investigates the impact of driver’s behavior on the fuel efficiency of a hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) and its powertrain components, including engine, motor, and battery. The simulation study focuses on the investigation of power request, power output, energy loss, and operating region of powertrain components with the change of driver’s behavior. It is well known that a noticeable difference between the sticker number fuel economy and actual fuel economy will happen when a driver drives aggressively. To simulate aggressive driving, the input driving cycles are scaled from the baseline driving cycles to increase the level of acceleration/deceleration. With scaled aggressive driving cycles, the simulation result shows a significant change of HEV equivalent fuel economy. In addition, the high power demands of aggressive driving cause engine to operate within a higher fuel rate region. Furthermore, the engine is started and shut down frequently due to the large instantaneous power request peaks, which result in high energy loss. The simulation study of the impact of aggressive driving on the HEV fuel efficiency is conducted for a power-split hybrid electric vehicle using powertrain simulation and analysis software Autonomie developed by Argonne National Laboratory. The performance of the major powertrain components is analyzed when the HEV operates at different level of aggressiveness. The simulation results provide useful information to identify the major factors that need to be included in the vehicle control design to improve the fuel efficiency of HEVs under aggressive driving.

A Study on Parameter Design of Powertrain for Extended-Range Electric Vehicle

2012 ◽  
Vol 215-216 ◽  
pp. 1318-1322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chun Hua Xu
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Management Strategy ◽  
Parameter Design ◽  
Energy Management Strategy ◽  
Efficient Operation ◽  
Range Extender ◽  
Extended Range ◽  
Driving Range ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Avl Cruise

The motivation for this development is to establish a new method of powertrain structural analysis and parameters matching of extended-range electric vehicle. For the main drawback of pure electric vehicle, which driving distance is short, the new powertrain will achieve efficient operation of range extender and extend the driving range effectually. The innovative technique is based on a co-simulation platform of AVL-Cruise and Simulink. A thermostat energy management strategy is adopted to verify the parameters of powertrain. Finally, the simulation results demonstrate that the system design and parameters matching of the whole vehicle powertrain are reasonable.

scholarly journals Research into the Impacts of Driving Cycles and Load Weight on the Operation of a Light Commercial Electric Vehicle

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (24) ◽  
pp. 13872
Author(s):  
Tomáš Settey ◽  
Jozef Gnap ◽  
František Synák ◽  
Tomáš Skrúcaný ◽  
Marek Dočkalik
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Driving Cycle ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Driving Cycles ◽  
Sustainable Logistics ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Load Weight

The European Parliament has adopted Directive 2019/1161 on the promotion of environmentally friendly and energy-efficient road transport vehicles, which also defines the obligations and forms of support for the procurement of environmentally friendly vehicles in urban logistics. The increase in the number of shipments delivered within e-commerce, which is also the result of the COVID-19 pandemic, requires a transition to a sustainable logistics system. New research questions are being raised in the preparation of new projects for the introduction of small electric commercial vehicles in particular. One of the main research questions about deployment itself is whether light commercial electric vehicles are able to fully replace conventionally powered vehicles. What operating conditions are optimal for the operation of them? How does load weight affect the energy efficiency of operating a light commercial electric vehicle? The authors decided to carry out research into the impacts of weight and the nature of a driving cycle under laboratory conditions to eliminate all external factors that could distort individual measurements and their results. In order to simulate driving cycles, an urban driving cycle was designed on the basis of the course of speed, acceleration, deceleration and slope conditions of roads in the selected regional city of Žilina (Slovakia). In the case of the operation of an electrically powered light commercial vehicle, the impact of load weight on the range of the vehicle is low, and is below the level of the theoretical maximum range of the vehicle in urban logistics applications. The operation of electrically powered vehicles in hilly terrains with relatively longer gradients and steeper slopes increases electricity consumption and, thereby, reduces their range.

Parameter Matching and Simulation Study of Powertrain for Extended-Range Electric Vehicle

2014 ◽  
Vol 926-930 ◽  
pp. 1387-1391 ◽  
Author(s):  
De Jun Wu ◽  
Ting Yong Lu ◽  
Li Jun Zhang ◽  
Xian Wu Gong
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Algorithm ◽  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Power Performance ◽  
Power Requirement ◽  
Range Extender ◽  
Extended Range ◽  
Parameter Matching ◽  
Driving Range ◽  
Design Requirements ◽  
Simulation Results

A method of parameter matching for extended-range electric vehicle (E-REV) was discussed to meet the requirements given, then using a model and genetic algorithm to optimize the transmission ratio of E-REV. The parameters of the battery and range extender (RE) are designed by driving range and power requirement. The simulation results shows that the parameter matching is reasonable, and the power performance and driving range could meet the design requirements.

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