Kaji Pengaruh Penggunaan Tipe Busi Terhadap Kinerja Sepeda Motor Sebagai Sarana Transportasi

Abstrak. Busi merupakan salah satu komponen dalam system pengapian berperan sebagai penghasil api. Busi terdiri dari berbagai varian yang dalam penggunannya membakar campuran udara dan bahan bakar dalam ruang yang kemudian memberikan pengaruh terhadap peningkatan maupun penuruan kinerja dari mesin. Untuk itu penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penggunaan tipe busi terhadap kinerja sepeda motor empat langkah 135cc. Metode penelitian dilakukan dengan pendekatan eksperimental menggunakan kendaraan Jupiter MX 135 cc, pengujian dilakukan secara statis dengan menggunakan alat bantu dynamometer type prony brake. Data yang diukur berupa putaran di poros engkol dan putaran dari prony brake pada berbagai variasi beban prony sebesar 3kg, 4kg, 5kg dan 6kg (beban diletakan pada pedal rem cakram belakang) yang kemudian dikonversikan ke dalam satuan Newton untuk dua tipe busi masing – masing yakni busi standar dan busi platinum. Berdasarkan data-data tersebut dihitung torsi pada prony brake, torsi motor, dan daya efektif. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa torsi maksimum dan daya maksimum kendaraan untuk penggunaan busi standar dicapai pada reduction gear 4 sebesar 10,74 Nm dan 5813,11 W dibandingkan dengan reduction gear 1, 2 dan 3. Begitu juga dengan tipe busi Platinum menghasilkan torsi maksimum dan daya maksimum pada reduction gear 4 sebesar 8,24 Nm dan 4684,22 W lebih rendah dibandingkan busi Standar. Dari hasil pengujian dapat dilihat busi platinum harus digunakan pada kendaraan yang mengutamakan kecepatan tinggi namun hanya menerima sedikit pembebanan (torsi kecil) sedangkan busi lebih di khususkan pada kendaraan harian yang mengutamakan torsi yang besar namun tidak membutuhkan kecepatan tinggi.

Simulasi Graphical User Interface Analisis Termodinamika Mesin Turboprop Menggunakan Perangkat Lunak Matlab R2020a

A turboprop engine is a hybrid engine that delivers thrust or jet thrust and also drives the propeller. This is basically similar to a turbojet except the turbine works through the main shaft which is connected to the reduction gear to rotate the propeller in front of the engine. This research was conducted to determine the development of engine performance in thermodynamic analysis so as to know the value of each parameter on a engine that has been developing for 20 to 50 years with different engine manufacturing. So that in this study a comparison of the thermodynamic analysis of the TPE-331, PT6A-42 and H85-200 engines was carried out. In the TPE331-10, PT6A-42, and H85-200 turboprop engines the value of fuel to air ratio and shaft work increases with increasing altitude while compressor work, fuel flow rate, shaft power, propeller thrust, jet thrust, total thrust, equivalent engine power and ESFC decrease with increasing altitude. Furthermore, the turbine's working value is relatively stable as the altitude increases. After that, the value of compressor work and turbine work on the PT6A-42 engine was greater than that of the TPE331-10, and H85-200 engines. However, the value of the fuel to air ratio, fuel flow rate, shaft power, jet thrust, equivalent engine power and ESFC on the H85-200 engine was greater than the TPE331-10 and PT6A engines. Furthermore, at sea level, the value of the axle, propeller thrust, and total thrust on the H85-200 engine is greater than that of the TPE331-10 and PT6A-42 engines but at an altitude of 25,000 ft, the PT6A-4 engine has a greater value than that of the TPE331-10 and PT6A-42 engines. TPE331-10, and H85-200 engines.

Analisa Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Uap Skala Laboratorium Dengan Bahan Bakar LPG

The steam turbine is an initial drive that converts the potential energy of steam into kinetic energy and is subsequently converted into mechanical energy in the form of a turbine shaft rotation, directly or with the help of a reduction gear, connected to the mechanism to be driven. In research to analyze the performance of a steam turbine using LPG gas as fuel. Where in this study using the results of wet steam to move the turbine shaft with variations in pressure (7Bar, 6Bar, 5Bar and 4Bar). So that the maximum result is 7 Bar, the steam mass obtained is 0.09 with a time of 1.5 hours by heating 15 liters of water, the steam power produced is 25.6 Watts, the shaft power is 18.01 Watts and the maximum electrical power produced is 20 Watts. the turbine work efficiency is 78.12% and the result is a generator efficiency of 25%.

MODELING OF MECHANICAL TRANSMISSION TAKING INTO ACCOUNT FREQUENCY OF TOOTH-ENGAGEMENT

At present time, in control systems, an electromechanical drive, which includes a reduction gear, is widely used. To ensure the quality of the output movement of the drive, it is not enough synthesize it according to the criteria of performance and accuracy. With increasing requirements for drives, the need arose for such an indicator of the quality of dynamics as smoothness [1], which is mainly influenced by the quality of the mechanical transmission production. The article provides an example of modeling a reduction gear taking into account multi-massage, the number of teeth, geometric errors of tooth-engagement, imbalance of the engine rotor. The spectrum of speed fluctuations of the output link is obtained, which characterizes the smoothness of the reduction gear operation. A conclusion is made about the prospect of using a model approach to diagnose the smooth operation of reduction gears.

Sensor-Less and Control-Less Underactuated Grippers With Pull-In Mechanisms for Grasping Various Objects

This paper proposes an underactuated grippers mechanism that grasps and pulls in different types of objects. These two movements are generated by only a single actuator while two independent actuators are used in conventional grippers. To demonstrate this principle, we have developed two kinds of gripper by different driving systems: one is driven by a DC motor with planetary gear reducers and another is driven by pneumatic actuators with branch tubes as a differential. Each pulling-in mechanism in the former one and the latter one is achieved by a belt-driven finger surface and a linear slider with an air cylinder, respectively. The motor-driven gripper with planetary gear reducers can pull-up the object after grasping. However, the object tends to fall when placing because it opens the finger before pushing out the object during the reversed movement. In addition, the closing speed and the picking-up speed of the fingers are slow due to the high reduction gear. To solve these drawbacks, a new pneumatic gripper by combining three valves, a speed control valve, a relief valve, and non-return valves, is proposed. The proposed pneumatic gripper is superior in the sense that it can perform pulling-up after grasping the object and opening the fingers after pushing-out the object. In the present paper, a design methodology of the different underactuated grippers that can not only grasp but also pull up objects is discussed. Then, to examine the performance of the grippers, experiments were conducted using various objects with different rigidity, shapes, size, and mass, which may be potentially available in real applications.