scholarly journals Influence of Soil Deformation Caused by Mining on Sewage Pipelines Built Using The Pipe Jacking Method

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-153
Author(s):  
Piotr Kalisz ◽  
Magdalena Zięba
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Underground Mining ◽  
Ground Deformation ◽  
Soil Deformation ◽  
Mining Operations ◽  
Expansion Joints ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Mining Areas ◽  
Pipe Joints ◽  
Pipe Jacking

AbstractThis paper discusses the issues associated with the influence of underground mining operations on sewage pipelines built using the pipe jacking method. At present, to build sewage pipelines, especially in urban areas and deep embedment, trenchless technologies are employed. Mainly in these technologies, pipes are jacked into a bored tunnel using hydraulic jacks. These methods are also applied in mining areas.The aim of this paper is to analyse the influence of ground deformation, caused by mining operations, on sewage pipelines built using the pipe jacking method. The type of pipelines discussed here is built with butted sections, which cannot compensate the influences of mining operations in pipe joints if horizontal compression occurs in the near-surface layer of soil. Pipelines embedded in trenches in the mining areas are secured against the influence of mining operations with expansion joints, which compensate for ground deformation. Hence, in the analysis of the influence of soil deformation caused by mining on sewage pipelines built using jacking method, special attention was paid to the performance of pipe joints. Pipelines of the type are subjected to additional loads and displacements, caused by soil deformations like horizontal strains, horizontal soil displacements and surface curvatures. We propose a way to consider the influence of mining operations on sewage pipelines built using the pipe jacking method.

scholarly journals Deformation and damage to buildings caused by ground movements in mining areas (case study)

2021 ◽  
pp. 52-63
Author(s):  
Lucyna FLORKOWSKA ◽  
Izabela BRYT-NITARSKA ◽  
Janusz KRUCZKOWSKI
Keyword(s):  
Underground Mining ◽  
Ground Deformation ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Mining Area ◽  
Ground Movement ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Mining Areas ◽  
Mining Works ◽  
Masonry Tower ◽  
The Impact

Human activity causes transformations in the near-surface layers of the rock mass, which result in long-term impacts on buildings and engineering infrastructure. Mining activities are particularly disadvantageous in this context, as they trigger severe deformation processes that reach the soil surface as a result of the excavation of deposits. The prevention of accidents and disasters caused by these impacts is based on knowledge derived from observation. Therefore, the aim of this study was to acquire and update knowledge on the impact of mining-related ground deformation and tremors on buildings.  The paper presents the results of measurements carried out on a group of buildings located in an underground mining area. The buildings have been affected by mining impacts since their construction in the 1980s. Despite the implementation of appropriate structural protection, the structures have been suffering deformation and damage. For the purposes of the study, two two-axis inclinometers were installed on the 15.2 m high bell tower, taking measurements at 6-hour intervals. Over a period of 10 months, changes in the leaning of the tower were measured and the condition of the other buildings observed.The study resulted in obtaining: values for the change in tilt of the two perpendicular walls of the tower (over a period of 10 months), correlation of the results with tremors measurements and periodic surveying measurements of the inclination of the vertical edge of the tower, image of damage to buildings caused by mining deformation of the ground. On the basis of an analysis of the location and timing of minefields excavation, the occurrence of real ground movement in the mining areas, continuing even after the end of mining works, was confirmed and irregular deformation of the originally perpendicular walls of the masonry tower building was demonstrated. The tower did not behave as a rigid body; its horizontal profile was deformed.

APPLICATION OF GEOMORPHOMETRIC METHODS IN MINING-RELATED GROUND DEFORMATION ANALYSIS – AN EXAMPLE OF THE “NOWY KOŚCIÓŁ” COPPER MINE (“THE OLD COPPER BASIN”, NORTH-SUDETIC SYNCLINORIUM)

2016 ◽  
pp. 0-0
Author(s):  
Aleksander KOWALSKI ◽  
Krzysztof MACIEJAK
Keyword(s):  
Surface Deformation ◽  
Underground Mining ◽  
Ground Deformation ◽  
Digital Terrain Model ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Mining Area ◽  
Deformation Analysis ◽  
Mining Operations ◽  
Terrain Model ◽  
Digital Elevation

During mapping work carried out since October 2015 in the Nowy Kościół area in the Kaczawskie Foothills, Western Sudetes, a number of morphological forms were identified and catalogued. They indicate surface transformation due to ceased mining activity. Several depressions and grabens were recognized during the digital terrain model and satellite images analysis. The range of deformation has been determined, and their spatial parameters and the maximal depression of the ground level within the mining area have been estimated and described. Such ground level depressions have not been examined in detail before. The main aim of the studies was to determine the usefulness of geomorphometric methods based on LiDAR digital elevation models (DEM) for the purposes of high quality description of surface deformation caused by underground mining operations.

scholarly journals MONITORING OF THE UNDERMINED TERRITORIES OF KARAGANDA COAL BASIN ON THE BASIS OF SATELLITE RADAR INTERFEROMETRY

2016 ◽  
Vol III-6 ◽  
pp. 37-40
Author(s):  
S. B. Ozhigina ◽  
D. V. Mozer ◽  
D. S Ozhigin ◽  
S. G. Ozhigin ◽  
O. G. Bessimbayeva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rock Mass ◽  
Underground Mining ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Radar Interferometry ◽  
Coal Basin ◽  
Mining Operations ◽  
Mining Areas ◽  
Close Proximity ◽  
Satellite Radar ◽  
Karaganda Coal

In the Karaganda coal basin, mines are located in close proximity to each other and to the city of Karaganda and ongoing mining operations are accompanied by a dangerous process of settling the earth's surface and monitoring are essential for the region's econ-omy. Underground mining leads to the formation of voids in the rock mass, which cause displacement of the earth surface. This paper demonstrates an innovative use of the integrated approach for monitoring on the example of Karaganda coal basin, which includes estimation of the rock mass displacement using leveling profile lines and satellite radar interferometry. It is proved that satellite radar interferometry provides reliable results of surface subsidence measurements in mining areas and can be used for con-sidered sort of monitoring.

scholarly journals Effect of Assumed Boundary Conditions in Numerical Model of Road Pavement-Mining Subsoil System on Criterial Values Used in Design Using Mechanistic Methods

2021 ◽  
Vol 1203 (3) ◽  
pp. 032021
Author(s):  
Beata Parkasiewicz ◽  
Marta Kadela
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Conditions ◽  
Design Process ◽  
Underground Mining ◽  
Ground Surface ◽  
Mining Area ◽  
Mining Operations ◽  
Wheel Load ◽  
The Road ◽  
Mining Areas ◽  
Road Pavement

Abstract Underground mining brings benefits in the form of the extracted mineral. The negative effects of mining exploration are deformations of the rock mass, which also cause deformations on the ground surface. There are continuous deformations, discontinuous deformations and mining-induced tremors. Recommendations regarding the protection of the structure of cubature building against the negative effect of mining operations are discussed in detail, for example, in the recommendation published by the Building Research Institute (ITB) in Warsaw. In the case of road structures, the situation is different. Firstly, there are no general rules that would provide clear guidelines for the procedure for designing road pavement in mining areas, similarly to cubature buildings. Secondly, in the computer programs used for the individual design of road pavement, it is not possible to assign additional actions, including mining impact. Therefore, in order to analyze the behavior of the pavement-mining subsoil system, an advanced numerical analyze should be carried out. In this case, the subsoil thickness, the boundary conditions and the constitutive relationships of the materials of the road pavement layers and subsoil should be determined. This paper presents an attempt to select kinematic boundary conditions for the FEM model of the road pavement-mining subsoil system, analogically to the model of the building-mining subsoil system. The paper is aimed at assessment of the influence of kinematic boundary conditions selection on the criterial values that are taken into account during the design process of road pavement using mechanistic methods. For this purpose, three cases were considered: (i) horizontal mining strain (εdesign ), (ii) curvature of surface (Kdesign ), (iii) combined impact of these actions. In these cases, each time vehicle wheel load was assumed. Based on the analyzes, the computational horizontal strain of the mining area εcomp is decisive when assessing the criterial values taken into account in the design process of road pavement structures.

scholarly journals Investigation on Mining Subsidence Based on Sentinel-1A Data by SBAS-InSAR technology—Case Study of Ningdong Coalfield, China

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 373-386
Author(s):  
Fei Ma ◽  
Lichun Sui
Keyword(s):  
Deformation Rate ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Underground Mining ◽  
Ground Deformation ◽  
Mining Area ◽  
Mining Subsidence ◽  
Maximum Deformation ◽  
Mining Areas ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Sbas Insar

Ground deformation characterization was difficult to obtain over large spatial areas before the invention of the Satellite radar interferometry (InSAR) technique. Especially underground mining in the Loess Plateau of China, it causes large-scale ground damage within a short period of time. A small baseline subset (SBAS) algorithm can overcome some limitations of InSAR technology, such as temporal decorrelation, spatial decorrelation, and atmospheric delay. In this study, SBAS-InSAR technology was applied to process 19 scenes of Sentinel-1A data in Ningdong Coalfield, China. We investigated and analyzed the mining subsidence status from March 2015 to June 2016. There are 6 ground deformation areas in the cumulative subsidence maps, and the maximum cumulative subsidence value is -178cm distributed in the Renjiazhuang mining area during this period. The deformation rate map shows that the maximum deformation rate was -117cm/year. GPS data above the working tunnel was collected in six mining areas in Shigouyi. The subsidence value of SBAS data is consistent with GPS observation station data. The results reveal the evolution process of subsidence in mining subsidence and are helpful to the early warning of the mine disaster.

scholarly journals Occurrence of Linear Discontinuous Deformations in Upper Silesia (Poland) in Conditions of Intensive Mining Extraction—Case Study

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 1897
Author(s):  
Piotr Strzałkowski ◽  
Katarzyna Szafulera
Keyword(s):  
Rock Mass ◽  
Underground Mining ◽  
Building Structures ◽  
Tectonic Structure ◽  
Mining Operations ◽  
Mining Areas ◽  
Tectonic Faults ◽  
Mining Conditions ◽  
The Subject

Currently, linear discontinuous deformations in mining areas are an important issue, both due to the frequency of their occurrence and the threat they pose to general safety. This paper presents a case study of an occurrence of such a deformation. The analyses of the geological and mining conditions, as well as the conducted calculations presented herein, indicate that the cause of the deformation was the occurrence of high-value horizontal tensile strains. It was triggered by mining exploitation carried out with caving in three seams at depths between 200 and 545 m. An additional factor conductive to the creation of the deformation was the tectonic structure of the rock mass. The subject matter of the paper is significant given the growing number of discontinuous linear deformations occurring on the surface due to underground mining—even if the mining was conducted at great depths. They were formed as a result of intensive underground mining operations and the occurrence of high-value deformations. These deformations were particularly dangerous to building structures on the surface, which were often damaged. For this reason, it was worthwhile to make arrangements regarding the correlation between the occurrence of the deformations and the values and the distribution of continuous deformations caused by underground extraction, as well as the existence of tectonic faults.

scholarly journals Linear discontinuous deformations in the light of investigations performed with ERT method

2018 ◽  
Vol 66 ◽  
pp. 01006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piotr Strzałkowski ◽  
Roman Ścigała ◽  
Katarzyna Szafulera ◽  
Marek Kruczkowski
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Resistivity ◽  
Rock Mass ◽  
Electrical Resistivity Tomography ◽  
Underground Mining ◽  
Mining Area ◽  
Geological Structure ◽  
Mining Operations ◽  
Resistivity Tomography ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Geophysical Surveys

The article presents an example of using the electrical resistivity tomography method to assess the condition of shallow rock mass layers in the area of linear discontinuous deformations created in the past due to underground mining activity. The research concerned the mining area of one of the Upper Silesian Coal Basin mines, where intensive mining operations have been conducted for several decades. In the considered area, linear discontinuous deformations were created in the form of ground steps. Their location is related to characteristic layout of deposit accessing roadways and extraction fronts in several coal seams. The article analyzes the geological structure of the deposit and the state of deformation of the rock mass caused by mining operations. In order to evaluate the hitherto impacts, appropriate calculations of the extraction influence were performed, assuming different views on the summation of horizontal strain in long time intervals. The calculations were carried out using the theory of W.Budryk - S. Knothe. Theoretical considerations were supplemented with geophysical surveys performed with using electrical resistivity tomography. Obtained results of the near-surface layers ERT imaging in the form of resistivity profiles confirm the existence of rock loosening zones in the areas of discontinuous deformations occurrence.

Methods for evaluating ground dislocations in mining areas / Metoda oceny przemieszczeń budowli na terenie górniczym

2012 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 487-496 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Kanciruk
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Electronic Device ◽  
Underground Mining ◽  
Ground Surface ◽  
Hard Coal ◽  
Vibrating Wire ◽  
Mining Operations ◽  
Vibration Period ◽  
Reference Direction ◽  
Mining Areas

Abstract Underground exploitation of natural resources results in disturbance of the original equilibrium in the strata and leads to the emergence of the so-called subsidence troughs on the ground surface (Florkowska, 2010). Due to ground distortion, buildings located in these areas suffer damages and deformations, including angular tilts. An instrument for measuring constructions’ angles of slope is known as an inclinometer. The prototypical vibrating wire inclinometer discussed in the present paper has three wires (each of them cooperating with one electromagnet) on which a weight - attached to an arm - is suspended. Thanks to this, it comes of use in a range of procedures, such as measuring object inclines, or determining the angle between the plane of the incline and the assumed reference direction. As any other vibrating wire transducer, an inclinometer cooperates with a proper electronic device which makes it possible to measure the vibration period for each wire separately. The device is also used for the inclinometer’s calibration. Additionally, the paper provides an example of an inclinometer’s use in measuring the angular tilt of a historical church tower located in the area affected by underground mining operations connected with exploitation of hard coal.

scholarly journals MONITORING OF THE UNDERMINED TERRITORIES OF KARAGANDA COAL BASIN ON THE BASIS OF SATELLITE RADAR INTERFEROMETRY

2016 ◽  
Vol III-6 ◽  
pp. 37-40
Author(s):  
S. B. Ozhigina ◽  
D. V. Mozer ◽  
D. S Ozhigin ◽  
S. G. Ozhigin ◽  
O. G. Bessimbayeva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rock Mass ◽  
Underground Mining ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Radar Interferometry ◽  
Coal Basin ◽  
Mining Operations ◽  
Mining Areas ◽  
Close Proximity ◽  
Satellite Radar ◽  
Karaganda Coal

In the Karaganda coal basin, mines are located in close proximity to each other and to the city of Karaganda and ongoing mining operations are accompanied by a dangerous process of settling the earth's surface and monitoring are essential for the region's econ-omy. Underground mining leads to the formation of voids in the rock mass, which cause displacement of the earth surface. This paper demonstrates an innovative use of the integrated approach for monitoring on the example of Karaganda coal basin, which includes estimation of the rock mass displacement using leveling profile lines and satellite radar interferometry. It is proved that satellite radar interferometry provides reliable results of surface subsidence measurements in mining areas and can be used for con-sidered sort of monitoring.

scholarly journals Geological CO2 quantified by high-temporal resolution stable isotope monitoring in a salt mine

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander H. Frank ◽  
Robert van Geldern ◽  
Anssi Myrttinen ◽  
Martin Zimmer ◽  
Johannes A. C. Barth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Resolution ◽  
Underground Mining ◽  
Stable Carbon Isotope ◽  
Underground Mines ◽  
Background Concentration ◽  
High Temporal Resolution ◽  
Salt Mine ◽  
Gas Migration ◽  
Mining Operations ◽  
Anthropogenic Contributions

AbstractThe relevance of CO2 emissions from geological sources to the atmospheric carbon budget is becoming increasingly recognized. Although geogenic gas migration along faults and in volcanic zones is generally well studied, short-term dynamics of diffusive geogenic CO2 emissions are mostly unknown. While geogenic CO2 is considered a challenging threat for underground mining operations, mines provide an extraordinary opportunity to observe geogenic degassing and dynamics close to its source. Stable carbon isotope monitoring of CO2 allows partitioning geogenic from anthropogenic contributions. High temporal-resolution enables the recognition of temporal and interdependent dynamics, easily missed by discrete sampling. Here, data is presented from an active underground salt mine in central Germany, collected on-site utilizing a field-deployed laser isotope spectrometer. Throughout the 34-day measurement period, total CO2 concentrations varied between 805 ppmV (5th percentile) and 1370 ppmV (95th percentile). With a 400-ppm atmospheric background concentration, an isotope mixing model allows the separation of geogenic (16–27%) from highly dynamic anthropogenic combustion-related contributions (21–54%). The geogenic fraction is inversely correlated to established CO2 concentrations that were driven by anthropogenic CO2 emissions within the mine. The described approach is applicable to other environments, including different types of underground mines, natural caves, and soils.

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