scholarly journals Deformation and damage to buildings caused by ground movements in mining areas (case study)

2021 ◽  
pp. 52-63
Author(s):  
Lucyna FLORKOWSKA ◽  
Izabela BRYT-NITARSKA ◽  
Janusz KRUCZKOWSKI
Keyword(s):  
Underground Mining ◽  
Ground Deformation ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Mining Area ◽  
Ground Movement ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Mining Areas ◽  
Mining Works ◽  
Masonry Tower ◽  
The Impact

Human activity causes transformations in the near-surface layers of the rock mass, which result in long-term impacts on buildings and engineering infrastructure. Mining activities are particularly disadvantageous in this context, as they trigger severe deformation processes that reach the soil surface as a result of the excavation of deposits. The prevention of accidents and disasters caused by these impacts is based on knowledge derived from observation. Therefore, the aim of this study was to acquire and update knowledge on the impact of mining-related ground deformation and tremors on buildings.  The paper presents the results of measurements carried out on a group of buildings located in an underground mining area. The buildings have been affected by mining impacts since their construction in the 1980s. Despite the implementation of appropriate structural protection, the structures have been suffering deformation and damage. For the purposes of the study, two two-axis inclinometers were installed on the 15.2 m high bell tower, taking measurements at 6-hour intervals. Over a period of 10 months, changes in the leaning of the tower were measured and the condition of the other buildings observed.The study resulted in obtaining: values for the change in tilt of the two perpendicular walls of the tower (over a period of 10 months), correlation of the results with tremors measurements and periodic surveying measurements of the inclination of the vertical edge of the tower, image of damage to buildings caused by mining deformation of the ground. On the basis of an analysis of the location and timing of minefields excavation, the occurrence of real ground movement in the mining areas, continuing even after the end of mining works, was confirmed and irregular deformation of the originally perpendicular walls of the masonry tower building was demonstrated. The tower did not behave as a rigid body; its horizontal profile was deformed.

scholarly journals Influence of Soil Deformation Caused by Mining on Sewage Pipelines Built Using The Pipe Jacking Method

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-153
Author(s):  
Piotr Kalisz ◽  
Magdalena Zięba
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Underground Mining ◽  
Ground Deformation ◽  
Soil Deformation ◽  
Mining Operations ◽  
Expansion Joints ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Mining Areas ◽  
Pipe Joints ◽  
Pipe Jacking

AbstractThis paper discusses the issues associated with the influence of underground mining operations on sewage pipelines built using the pipe jacking method. At present, to build sewage pipelines, especially in urban areas and deep embedment, trenchless technologies are employed. Mainly in these technologies, pipes are jacked into a bored tunnel using hydraulic jacks. These methods are also applied in mining areas.The aim of this paper is to analyse the influence of ground deformation, caused by mining operations, on sewage pipelines built using the pipe jacking method. The type of pipelines discussed here is built with butted sections, which cannot compensate the influences of mining operations in pipe joints if horizontal compression occurs in the near-surface layer of soil. Pipelines embedded in trenches in the mining areas are secured against the influence of mining operations with expansion joints, which compensate for ground deformation. Hence, in the analysis of the influence of soil deformation caused by mining on sewage pipelines built using jacking method, special attention was paid to the performance of pipe joints. Pipelines of the type are subjected to additional loads and displacements, caused by soil deformations like horizontal strains, horizontal soil displacements and surface curvatures. We propose a way to consider the influence of mining operations on sewage pipelines built using the pipe jacking method.

scholarly journals Investigation on Mining Subsidence Based on Sentinel-1A Data by SBAS-InSAR technology—Case Study of Ningdong Coalfield, China

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 373-386
Author(s):  
Fei Ma ◽  
Lichun Sui
Keyword(s):  
Deformation Rate ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Underground Mining ◽  
Ground Deformation ◽  
Mining Area ◽  
Mining Subsidence ◽  
Maximum Deformation ◽  
Mining Areas ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Sbas Insar

Ground deformation characterization was difficult to obtain over large spatial areas before the invention of the Satellite radar interferometry (InSAR) technique. Especially underground mining in the Loess Plateau of China, it causes large-scale ground damage within a short period of time. A small baseline subset (SBAS) algorithm can overcome some limitations of InSAR technology, such as temporal decorrelation, spatial decorrelation, and atmospheric delay. In this study, SBAS-InSAR technology was applied to process 19 scenes of Sentinel-1A data in Ningdong Coalfield, China. We investigated and analyzed the mining subsidence status from March 2015 to June 2016. There are 6 ground deformation areas in the cumulative subsidence maps, and the maximum cumulative subsidence value is -178cm distributed in the Renjiazhuang mining area during this period. The deformation rate map shows that the maximum deformation rate was -117cm/year. GPS data above the working tunnel was collected in six mining areas in Shigouyi. The subsidence value of SBAS data is consistent with GPS observation station data. The results reveal the evolution process of subsidence in mining subsidence and are helpful to the early warning of the mine disaster.

Tracking the Land Use/Land Cover Change in an Area with Underground Mining and Reforestation via Continuous Landsat Classification

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (14) ◽  
pp. 1719 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiaxin Mi ◽  
Yongjun Yang ◽  
Shaoliang Zhang ◽  
Shi An ◽  
Huping Hou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Random Forest ◽  
Land Cover ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Underground Mining ◽  
Mining Area ◽  
Random Forest Classifier ◽  
Land Use Land Cover ◽  
Lulc Change ◽  
Mining Areas

Understanding the changes in a land use/land cover (LULC) is important for environmental assessment and land management. However, tracking the dynamic of LULC has proved difficult, especially in large-scale underground mining areas with extensive LULC heterogeneity and a history of multiple disturbances. Additional research related to the methods in this field is still needed. In this study, we tracked the LULC change in the Nanjiao mining area, Shanxi Province, China between 1987 and 2017 via random forest classifier and continuous Landsat imagery, where years of underground mining and reforestation projects have occurred. We applied a Savitzky–Golay filter and a normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI)-based approach to detect the temporal and spatial change, respectively. The accuracy assessment shows that the random forest classifier has a good performance in this heterogeneous area, with an accuracy ranging from 81.92% to 86.6%, which is also higher than that via support vector machine (SVM), neural network (NN), and maximum likelihood (ML) algorithm. LULC classification results reveal that cultivated forest in the mining area increased significantly after 2004, while the spatial extent of natural forest, buildings, and farmland decreased significantly after 2007. The areas where vegetation was significantly reduced were mainly because of the transformation from natural forest and shrubs into grasslands and bare lands, respectively, whereas the areas with an obvious increase in NDVI were mainly because of the conversion from grasslands and buildings into cultivated forest, especially when villages were abandoned after mining subsidence. A partial correlation analysis demonstrated that the extent of LULC change was significantly related to coal production and reforestation, which indicated the effects of underground mining and reforestation projects on LULC changes. This study suggests that continuous Landsat classification via random forest classifier could be effective in monitoring the long-term dynamics of LULC changes, and provide crucial information and data for the understanding of the driving forces of LULC change, environmental impact assessment, and ecological protection planning in large-scale mining areas.

Analysis on Ground Subsidence in Underground Mining

2011 ◽  
Vol 383-390 ◽  
pp. 2201-2205
Author(s):  
Xin Xi Liu ◽  
Xue Zhi Wang
Keyword(s):  
Underground Mining ◽  
Ground Deformation ◽  
Coal Pillar ◽  
Mining Area ◽  
Ground Subsidence ◽  
Recovery Coefficient ◽  
Mining Width ◽  
Movement And Deformation ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Analysis on the characters of ground subsidence of Yangjiaping mining area, with same excavation depth and recovery coefficient, the numerical simulations to nonlinear large deformation using finite-difference method(FLAC) are achieved on the different strip extraction schemes that adopted different mining and reservation width. The result indicates that the subsidence values and horizontal deformation increases with the increasing of the strip extraction width on condition of the same recovery rate. Based on probability density function (PDF) method, the relationship of the coal pillar width, the mining width and ground deformation is acquired, which is some useful reference for using the strip extraction method to control the surface movement and deformation.

scholarly journals The impact of faults on the hydrogeological conditions in the Roer Valley Rift System: an overview

2003 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
V.F. Bense ◽  
R.T. Van Balen ◽  
J.J. De Vries
Keyword(s):  
Groundwater Flow ◽  
Hydraulic Properties ◽  
Great Influence ◽  
Hydraulic Head ◽  
Transport Processes ◽  
Rift System ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Mining Areas ◽  
Vertical Permeability ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThe hydrogeology of the Roer Valley Rift System is strongly influenced by the hydraulic properties of faults. The hydrogeological impact of faults is illustrated by examples from the SE Netherlands and the adjacent lignite mining areas within the Roer Valley Rift System, near Bonn in Germany. Hydraulic head discontinuities over the main faults in the latter area can be up to tens of meters as a result of extremely large groundwater extractions in combination with the relatively low conductivity of the main faults. Within the Netherlands, outside the mining areas, such large groundwater extractions do not take place, and groundwater fluxes are smaller. In this situation natural hydraulic head differences over the main faults are limited to several meters. Hydraulic head profiles over faults provide a first estimate of fault hydraulic properties that can be quantified using simple analytical solutions. The impact of faults on near surface processes is reflected in vegetation patterns and the structure of drainage networks, aquifer structure and hydraulic head patterns. Faults can thus be of great influence on transport processes in the subsurface as well as on water-related phenomena at the surface, and should accordingly be taken into consideration in studies related to water-management, contamination and environmental impact. Faults that have an enhanced vertical permeability are difficult to detect when horizontal groundwater flow is studied, which is probably the main reason why they are rarely described. Though, these faults may form important preferential paths to vertical groundwater flow.

scholarly journals THE IMPACT OF THE 2000 LAND REFORM PROGRAMME ON THE CAPITAL BLOCK, POPULARLY KNOWN AS THE ‘NEW MALAWI’

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-25
Author(s):  
Calvin Phiri ◽  
Njabulo Bruce Khumalo ◽  
Mehluli Masuku
Keyword(s):  
Land Reform ◽  
Qualitative Methodology ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Mining Area ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Mining Areas ◽  
Reform Programme ◽  
Foreign Origin ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

The 2000 land reform programme implemented by the government of Zimbabwe came with an initiative of acquiring enormous hectares of white-owned farmland and distributing it on a massive scale to small-scale farmers. Indeed the greater part of the land was taken from the white commercial farmers and distributed to the majority black Zimbabweans, leaving only a small share of the farmland in the hands of the whites. The land reform programme, undoubtedly, benefited Zimbabweans. In Zimbabwe, especially in mining areas, there are classes of Zimbabweans, those who originate from Zimbabwe, as well as those who are of foreign origin, but are Zimbabweans by birth. Zimbabweans by birth who are of foreign origin occupied an allocated A2 farm, Capital Block, located near a cement mining area, Colleen Bawn. Most of them were of Malawian origin, and the area is now popularly known as ‘New Malawi’. This study sought to investigate how Zimbabweans of foreign origin benefited from the 2000 land reform programme. The article further sought to reveal the diverse farming systems as well as Indigenous Knowledge (IK), which were passed on from the forefathers who were born in Malawi, but migrated to Zimbabwe’s mining areas in search for employment in the then Rhodesia around 1960. A qualitative methodology was used in this research, in which oral history interviews were conducted with the people living in the area of the ‘New Malawi’. The study revealed that most of the land was being used for farming purposes. Beneficiaries of the programme had become self-dependent. The study further revealed that there was knowledge sharing among the beneficiaries of different foreign origins including Zambia, Malawi, Mozambique, Botswana and those of Zimbabwean origin. Based on the findings of the study, it was concluded that the programme benefited a number of people of foreign origins who were now Zimbabweans by birth and Zimbabweans by both birth and origin were happy with these people benefiting, a situation which shows the extent to which Zimbabweans are tolerant of foreigners.

scholarly journals Slope ranking and geohazards correlation analysis for combined open-underground mining area

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhang Jin
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Analysis ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Underground Mining ◽  
Mining Area ◽  
Open Pit ◽  
Ground Subsidence ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Mining Areas ◽  
Factor Data

Geohazards in mining areas are mainly ground subsidence, slope landslides and ground cracks, surface cover degradation and environmental ecological pattern destruction. The classification and rank of terrain slope and the feature area extraction of the slope are the important content for the correlation analysis with the geohazards. The slope classification and rank index system for soil and water conservation, land use and man-made ground disasters was analyzed. According to the characteristics of open pit and underground associated mining area, we comprehensively analyzed the spatial correlation between different ground disaster and terrain features and landform types, and propose a new slope ranking index, dividing slope zones and forming slope classification map. Especially slope area of 35-45 degrees and more than 45 degrees was extracted, and the relationship between regional geohazards and slope zone was analyzed. The application of terrestrial laser scanning technology to establish open-pit high precision digital elevation model, extraction of slope, slope type, gully density characteristic factor, topography factor data sets are established, and correlation analysis, to enhance disaster information content.

scholarly journals InSAR monitoring surface deformation induced by underground mining using Sentinel-1 images

2020 ◽  
Vol 382 ◽  
pp. 237-240
Author(s):  
Ling Zhang ◽  
Daqing Ge ◽  
Xiaofang Guo ◽  
Bin Liu ◽  
Man Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Subsidence ◽  
Surface Deformation ◽  
Underground Mining ◽  
Deformation Gradient ◽  
Mining Area ◽  
Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar ◽  
Mining Areas ◽  
Temporal Decorrelation ◽  
Land Deformation ◽  
Small Baseline

Abstract. Land subsidence can be caused by underground mining activities. Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) has became an economic, effective and accurate technique for land deformation survey and monitoring. In mining areas, there may be several factors to overcome for the succsessful application of InSAR, such as temporal decorrelation and detectable deformation gradient, that limit the ability of InSAR to monitoring rapid land subsidence. In this paper, images obtained by the Sentinel-1 satellite with 6 or 12 d revisiting time are used to improve the ability to detect a deformation gradient, and reduce the influence of temporal decorrelation. By combining Small Baseline Subsets (SBAS) and Interferometric Point Target Analysis (IPTA) methods, using the Nanhu mining area in Tangshan as an example, the spatial continuous results of land subsidence in this mining area are obtained with a 70 cm per year maximum rate, which clearly characterizes the deformation field and its deformation process. The results show that InSAR is a useful way to monitor land subsidence in a mining area and provides further data for environment mine restoration.

APPLICATION OF GEOMORPHOMETRIC METHODS IN MINING-RELATED GROUND DEFORMATION ANALYSIS – AN EXAMPLE OF THE “NOWY KOŚCIÓŁ” COPPER MINE (“THE OLD COPPER BASIN”, NORTH-SUDETIC SYNCLINORIUM)

2016 ◽  
pp. 0-0
Author(s):  
Aleksander KOWALSKI ◽  
Krzysztof MACIEJAK
Keyword(s):  
Surface Deformation ◽  
Underground Mining ◽  
Ground Deformation ◽  
Digital Terrain Model ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Mining Area ◽  
Deformation Analysis ◽  
Mining Operations ◽  
Terrain Model ◽  
Digital Elevation

During mapping work carried out since October 2015 in the Nowy Kościół area in the Kaczawskie Foothills, Western Sudetes, a number of morphological forms were identified and catalogued. They indicate surface transformation due to ceased mining activity. Several depressions and grabens were recognized during the digital terrain model and satellite images analysis. The range of deformation has been determined, and their spatial parameters and the maximal depression of the ground level within the mining area have been estimated and described. Such ground level depressions have not been examined in detail before. The main aim of the studies was to determine the usefulness of geomorphometric methods based on LiDAR digital elevation models (DEM) for the purposes of high quality description of surface deformation caused by underground mining operations.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document