scholarly journals Overview of the Implementation of the EU Youth Strategy in the Field of Employment

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-24
Author(s):  
Siyka Kovacheva
Keyword(s):  
Market Integration ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Young Generation ◽  
Policy Documents ◽  
Policy Initiatives ◽  
Academic Literature ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Shared Awareness ◽  
Local Levels ◽  
The Eu

Abstract This paper provides an overview of the implementation of the EU Youth Strategy for the promotion of youth employment and entrepreneurship in the EU Member States and four non-EU states: Croatia2, Montenegro, Norway and Switzerland. It relies upon the National Reports (NRs) presenting the policy initiatives designed and accomplished during the first cycle (2010-2012) in these countries and submitted in response to a questionnaire developed by the European Commission (EC) and an examination of policy documents, academic literature and statistical data. The comparative analysis reveals a shared awareness of the gravity of the problems accumulated in the labour market integration of young people and attests to the enormous efforts put forward on European, national, regional and local levels for overcoming youth disadvantage. It also highlights the opportunities created by sharing good practices and fostering of cooperation among all policy actors for supporting the young generation to make a successful entry in the world of work.

Ceci n’est pas un Capital Markets Union: Re-establishing EU-led financialization

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 248-267
Author(s):  
Nina Haerter
Keyword(s):  
Financial Markets ◽  
Capital Markets ◽  
Market Integration ◽  
Policy Documents ◽  
Policy Initiatives ◽  
Financial Products ◽  
Capital Markets Union ◽  
The Many ◽  
Integration Project ◽  
The Eu

In the 11 years since the outbreak of the financial crisis, the EU has introduced many policy initiatives directed at the financial sector, the most recent one being the Capital Markets Union. The official aim is to integrate Europe’s financial markets, fulfilling decades-old wishes for a Single Market for capital. Some scholars have already voiced concerns about different elements of Capital Markets Union since its inception in 2015, but the extent to which this critique was generalizable remained unclear. Through an analysis of policy documents and interview data inspired by the ‘What’s the Problem Represented to be?’-approach, this paper reveals two common threads among the many Capital Markets Union proposals, which are not explicitly acknowledged: a reduction of prudential rules and various forms of incentivizing financial products with public funds. It is therefore argued that Capital Markets Union is not a market integration project (as its name and official narrative suggest), as much as it is the re-establishment of EU-led financialization, following a long tradition of asymmetrical integration in the Union.

scholarly journals EQUALITY OF OPPORTUNITY BETWEEN MEN AND WOMEN ON THE LABOUR MARKET – THE GENDER PAY GAP WITHIN THE EU MEMBER STATES

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oana Ancuţa Stângaciu
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Equality Of Opportunity ◽  
Gender Pay Gap ◽  
Pay Gap ◽  
Member States ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Indirect Discrimination ◽  
The Eu

The actions taken for the promotion of the equality of opportunity between men and women and for eliminating the direct or the indirect discrimination apply to the field of employment as well as to the field of education, health, culture, information and the participation in the decision making process. Starting from one of the objectives of the Strategy for the equality of opportunity, being aware of the real situation of women participation compared to men participation to the economical and social life, this analysis offers a perspective on the equality of opportunity between men and women in the field of employment, seen based on the statistical data. Thus, in order to quantify this phenomenon using methods specific to the statistical analysis, we used the gender pay gap indicator pertaining to the EU member states per total economy, as well as per economical activities, and the research results show that on the EU level there are still significant gender pay gaps.

scholarly journals European Green Deal as a matter of security

2021 ◽  
Vol 900 (1) ◽  
pp. 012035
Author(s):  
P Polko
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Energy Transport ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Member States ◽  
Policy Initiatives ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Particular Solutions ◽  
The Eu

Abstract The European Green Deal (EGD) is a set of policy initiatives by the European Union with the overarching and ambitious aim of making Europe climate neutral in 2050. Being world’s first ‘climate-neutral bloc’ and fulfilling other goals extending to many different sectors, including construction, biodiversity, energy, transport, food and others has also an impact on different sectors of security. The implementation of the tasks set out in the EGD requires taking into account the necessity of sustainability in reaching the goals, including not violating sectoral security in the EU Member States. Nexus approach might be useful in the processes of finding and implementation of particular solutions.

MIGRATIONS - JOURNEYS OF THE BROKERS - IN THE CONTEXT OF CONTEMPORARY AND FUTURE THREATS TO THE SECURITY OF 21ST CENTURY EUROPE

2021 ◽  
Vol XV - Wydanie specjalne ◽  
pp. 223-238
Author(s):  
Anna Piotrowska ◽  
Marian Kopczewski ◽  
Julia Nowicka ◽  
Zbigniew Ciekanowski
Keyword(s):  
21St Century ◽  
Security Policy ◽  
Third World ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Illegal Immigration ◽  
Syrian Refugees ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Migration Crisis ◽  
The Eu

Contemporary and future threats to Europe in the 21st century constitute an important element of the European Union's security policy. Ongoing wars, terrorism, religious fanaticism and extreme poverty in third world countries led to a drastic wave of refugees that flooded Europe. The article presents the problem of threats related to the increasing migration, as well as the activities of the European Union aimed at preventing the migration crisis. The issue of Syrian refugees fleeing in desperation to Europe, a Europe that does not necessarily welcome them with open arms, was raised. The aim of the presented study is to analyze the situation of contemporary Europe in the context of threats related to the phenomenon of migration. Statistical data published by the most important institutions of the EU Member States, including data related to crimes committed by citizens who are not indigenous people of Europe, were thoroughly analyzed. Eurostat research, data disseminated by the Federal Criminal Police Office in Germany or statistics published by the Italian Istat were used. The conclusions from the above research allowed to verify the hypothesis that the migration crisis is a factor in the multifaceted destabilization of contemporary Europe, and the phenomenon of migration should be considered in this context. Due to the limited volume of the article, the author of the publication presented the most important legal bases regulating legal and illegal immigration, which will facilitate the understanding of the European Union's operation on the issue of interest to us.

Unia Rynków Kapitałowych – ewolucja czy rewolucja europejskiego modelu rynku kapitałowego?

2019 ◽  
Vol 76 ◽  
pp. 153-170
Author(s):  
Michał Czykierda
Keyword(s):  
Capital Markets ◽  
Market Integration ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Investment Funds ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Capital Markets Union ◽  
History Of ◽  
Rate Environment ◽  
The Eu

In September 2015, the European Commission announced the first actions of its plan to build a Capital Markets Union in Europe. The undertaken restructuring of the financing model is designed to make a shift in the main channel through which enterprises raise investment funds, from loans to capital, and – as a result – contribute to more dynamic growth in the EU Member States. I describe the key features of the Commission’s plan and discuss the economic rationale behind it. The plan has many strengths but also some weaknesses, such as limited ambition in the supervision and enforcement of securities regulations. Other challenges to the development of European capital markets include the financial transactions tax, the low-interest-rate environment, cultural reasons, and potential political opposition. My paper deals first of all with highlighting the structure of the financial sector in the European Union. It provides a overview of the role of the different financial and no financial sectors in offering capital funds to accomplish the needs of households, companies, governments, etc.. I also describe the history of capital market integration in the EU. The paper also analyses some important aspects of the implementation of the Capital Markets Union, which will be a key step in completing the EU Single Market. I concluded that the integration of the capital markets will be a strong step in supporting economic growth and competitiveness in the EU in the long run.

scholarly journals PROBLEMS IN THE FORMATION OF COMMON EUSOCIAL POLICY

Ekonomika ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 87 ◽  
pp. 107-123
Author(s):  
Lina Rutkauskienė
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Social Policy ◽  
Member State ◽  
Academic Literature ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Open Method Of Coordination ◽  
Policy Models ◽  
History Of ◽  
Popular Subject ◽  
The Eu

European Union social policy is a popular subject of research in the academic circles and is an important topic for its every member state and its citizens. The formation of a common social policy in the EU has an interesting history and related issues, thus this article is an attempt to find out why certain difficulties are encountered in the integration of social affairs, and to offer certain l suggestions for their l improvement. The aim of this study is to reveal the problems encountered in the formation of common EU social policy in the context of its development. The article presents some analysis of the history of the development of the European Community to determine the position of the goal to have a common social policy in the integration processes and the attention is given to the examination of the variety of social policy models in the EU member states as one of the problems of the integration of social policy. Furthermore, using an analysis of the academic literature, this article evaluates the main social policy management-coordination measure – the Open Method of Coordination, and presents the arguments highlighting its inefficiency , comments on its structure and organisation, and suggests the ways of improving this method.p>

scholarly journals Governing of young people ‘at risk’ with the alliance of employability and precariousness in the EU youth policy steering

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 240-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katariina Mertanen ◽  
Karen Pashby ◽  
Kristiina Brunila
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
European Union ◽  
Financial Crisis ◽  
Young People ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Youth Policy ◽  
Policy Documents ◽  
Policy Initiatives ◽  
Political Rationality ◽  
The Eu

This article focuses on neoliberal governing by the European Union of cross-sectoral youth policies directed at young people ‘at risk’. The aim is to show how the alliance of discourses of employability and precariousness in these policies has emerged and how these discourses operate in policy. In the article, we analyse European Council and European Commission policy documents from 2000 to 2016 by drawing on the idea of discourses and governing with neoliberal political rationality. Our results show that the financial crisis and policy initiatives launched to mitigate its consequences made it possible to mainstream the neoliberal rationality of individual competition and flexibility as an inseparable part of youth policy steering.

scholarly journals Asylum-seekers and refugees within Europe and labour market integration

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-24
Author(s):  
Johanna K Schenner ◽  
Anders Neergaard
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Asylum Seekers ◽  
Market Integration ◽  
Market Access ◽  
Labour Markets ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Labour Market Integration ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Asylum Seekers And Refugees ◽  
The Eu

This special issue seeks to investigate and understand the various experiences of asylum-seekers, beneficiaries of subsidiary protection and refugees in accessing labour markets across the EU and EEA countries. The first section of this introduction provides an overview of the three groups of people who are the focus of this special issue and their relationship to the labour markets in the EU Member States and EEA countries. The second section provides insights into how the essential features of their labour market integration may be understood by using Levitas’ discourse analysis. The third section explores a range of different labour market access dimensions by focusing not only on the human capital aspects of migration in general but also on the contextual factors of civic stratification; the broader societal context, including public opinion and civil society; the background and situation of earlier migrants, especially asylum-seekers and refugees with respect to national/federal laws; and the countries of origin of migrants as well as demographic trends across the EU. The fourth and final section explains and justifies the focus of this special issue and emphasises the relevance of this topic.

scholarly journals The Role of Regions in EU-China Relations

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Regional Level ◽  
Academic Literature ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Academic Exchange ◽  
Present Book ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Regional Partnerships ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
The Eu

More and more regions are cooperating with their Chinese counterparts in many different areas: economy, environment, culture, academic exchange. Although the subnational dimension has started to be a visibly important element of EU-China relations, this trend is not reflected in the academic literature on EU-China relations. Until now, we have not known what the network of contacts with China at the regional level looks like and what the determinants and institutional forms of inter-regional partnerships there are. The present book maps Sino-European relations at the regional level and presents a detailed analysis of subnational contacts in the six analysed EU member states, illustrated by case studies of interesting regions from each country. It shows the rising role of non-state actors in international relations, the growing importance of paradiplomacy, as well as the necessity to look at the EU-China relations as a multi-layer phenomenon, engaging different types of actors on different levels.

scholarly journals Application of DEA for Evaluating the Efficiency of Economic Policy as Exemplified by EU Agriculture

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 163-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucyna Błażejczyk-Majka
Keyword(s):  
Economic Policy ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Macro Level ◽  
Economic Instruments ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Applied Approach ◽  
The Eu

Abstract The article presents how DEA is used to develop agricultural production efficiency rankings in the EU member states, which can be used as the starting point for evaluating the performance of currently used instruments of economic policy. In the article, statistical data from the FADN were used. Agricultural production was compared for three types of output and four types of input involved. The performed study demonstrated that in 18 out of 28 states, agricultural production had been run efficiently on a macro level. The applied approach also allowed for identifying the causes of inefficiency in the remaining ten states, providing indications for recommended changes in in the way economic instruments are used.

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