scholarly journals Situation of the R&D Sector in Poland in the Face of the Current Crisis

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 409-424
Author(s):  
Kinga Karpińska
Keyword(s):  
Great Depression ◽  
Financial Resources ◽  
International Studies ◽  
Current Crisis ◽  
Market Incentives ◽  
The Great Depression ◽  
The Face ◽  
Economic Upturn

Abstract How has the current crisis caused by the COVID-19 pandemic affected R&D and innovation in Poland? Numerous international studies conducted after the Great Depression in 2008–2010 show a strong procyclicality of investments in R&D and innovation in companies: investments rise during the economic upturn and fall sharply during the crisis. This procyclicality is driven within firms both by internal financial resources and by differences in market incentives to innovate. It seems likely that the COVID-19 crisis caused financial weakness for many actors, having the most significant impact on the willingness or ability of smaller firms to support R&D and innovation. However, where firms are able to sustain these investments, evidence from the crisis a decade ago suggests that they will be more likely to survive, grow more strongly, and have higher profitability. Based on the analysis of the literature and macroeconomic data, this paper presents several recommendations that, if implemented by R&D actors, could help increase the efficiency of operations, even in times of crisis.

The Workplace and Economic Crisis: Canadian Textile Firms, 1929–1935

2009 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 498-528
Author(s):  
Robert Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Great Depression ◽  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Product Line ◽  
Scientific Management ◽  
State Regulations ◽  
The Great Depression ◽  
Managerial Authority ◽  
The Face ◽  
Production Practices ◽  
Industrial State

The devastating conditions of the Great Depression forced manufacturers to rethink their approach to workplace control, economic policy, and production practices. Although we know a great deal about how industries responded to the depression, we know very little about the changes implemented by firms. This is unfortunate as firms in the same industry face quite different problems, possess dissimilar work cultures, construct an array of production formats, and have access to a range of financial resources. Based on a literature that documents the variety of strategies devised by industries and firms, this paper shows how four Canadian textile firms—two cotton and two hosiery and knitting—reacted to the economic crisis of the Great Depression. In the face of a different array of conditions, each firm devised different restructuring strategies. The large cotton corporations responded by combining mechanization, product line change, and a new division of labor. The smaller, more competitive hosiery and knitting firms, on the other hand, imposed either a harsh regime of scientific management or conservative, piecemeal changes. In the midst of restructuring the workplace, manufacturers reasserted their prerogatives of managerial authority, selectively took advantage of the opportunities opened up by economic crisis, and created a new regime of industrial-state regulations.

EUROPEAN SOCIAL ORDER IN THE FACE OF CHALLENGES OF GLOBAL CRISIS

2012 ◽  
Vol 164 (2) ◽  
pp. 144-156
Author(s):  
Jerzy BESTRY
Keyword(s):  
Great Depression ◽  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Social Order ◽  
Economic Recession ◽  
Traumatic Experiences ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Great Depression ◽  
Current Economic Crisis ◽  
The World ◽  
The Face

The world is on the eve of change. Current economic recession surprisingly resembles the ”Great Depression” of 1929. The time will show whether the global society has drawn conclusions from the traumatic experiences of the last century. Historia magistra vitae est. In this article, the author makes a prediction concerning European social order based on the analysis of present-day socio-economic events and the circumstances preceding both the current economic crisis and the past one.

scholarly journals The Great Depression and the current crisis: brand-related attitudes

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cosmin Ichim
Keyword(s):  
Consumer Behavior ◽  
Great Depression ◽  
Unemployment Rate ◽  
Purchasing Power ◽  
Current Crisis ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Great Depression ◽  
Brand Strategies ◽  
The Way ◽  
Brand Creation

History should prevent us from repeating the mistakes of the past. This article focuses on the analysis and interpretation of the branding and promotion events that occurred during the Great Depression (1929-1933), projected on the decision of the marketing and management specialists of our times. The economic manifestations, such as: the unemployment rate, the decrease of the purchasing power, the crediting related difficulties, etc., specific to both periods of recession, revolve around the consumer and the way he modifies his consumer behavior. This paper tries to find an answer to the following question: given the decisions made by the managers in the 30’s, what brand strategies are recommended for this period? The answers to the question above are the object of the conclusions of this article. The recommendations provided herein invite us to meditate upon the depression from the previous century and to take a critical look at various marketing related attitudes, such as the disregard for rebranding or brand creation and the diminution of the promotion budgets.

scholarly journals An Evaluation of the Treasury Plan for Banking Reform

1992 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 133-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederic S Mishkin
Keyword(s):  
Great Depression ◽  
Banking Industry ◽  
Banking System ◽  
Financial System ◽  
Regulatory System ◽  
Current Crisis ◽  
Banking Reform ◽  
The Great Depression ◽  
Stated Purpose ◽  
The U.S

The Treasury plan for banking reform--Modernizing the Financial System: Recommendations for Safer More Competitive Banks--was released on February 5, 1991 (U.S. Treasury, 1991), and has a stated purpose of promoting a safe, sound, and competitive banking system. It contains recommendations for the most thorough overhaul of the banking regulatory system since the Great Depression. This paper provides a framework for understanding the U.S. banking regulatory system and how it has produced the current crisis in the banking industry, and uses this analysis to evaluate the Treasury plan.

How Workers and the Government Have Dealt with Economic Crisis and Industrial Decline

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward Montgomery
Keyword(s):  
Great Depression ◽  
Great Recession ◽  
The Great Recession ◽  
The Great Depression ◽  
Industrial Decline ◽  
The Face ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Near Term ◽  
The Government

This chapter begins with a brief review of the evidence on the causes of the Great Depression and its impact on workers and their families. It examines some of the similarities and differences in the causes of the Great Recession and its impact on workers. It briefly summarizes some of the different policies that presidents Roosevelt and Obama enacted to shorten the crisis and ease the burden on workers. It argues that while presidents Roosevelt and Obama were both called “socialist” by critics, their similarities are limited, and both the short- and long-term impacts of the policies they enacted during these crises are quite different for workers. While the near-term impact of the Great Recession was dwarfed by the Great Depression, the Great Recession exacerbated long-term structural trends that may well leave workers facing far more uncertain futures. Workers' own relative passivity in the face of these dynamics contrasts sharply with their grandparents' generation during the Great Depression. Absent a revival of their activism, we may well see the continued erosion, or even the end, of the New Deal social contract.

scholarly journals R&D and innovation after COVID-19: What can we expect? A review of prior research and data trends after the great financial crisis

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 504-514
Author(s):  
Stephen Roper ◽  
Joanne Turner
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Financial Crisis ◽  
Small And Medium Enterprises ◽  
Financial Resources ◽  
International Studies ◽  
Market Incentives ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Support For Innovation ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Medium Enterprises

How did the great financial crisis (GFC) of 2008–2010 impact on R&D and innovation in the United Kingdom and internationally? What can we learn about the likely innovation effects of the COVID-19 crisis on small and medium enterprises (SME) innovation? Numerous international studies suggest the strong procyclicality of R&D and innovation investments in firms: investment rises in recovery and falls sharply in times of crisis. This procyclicality is driven in firms by both internal financial resources or slack and varying market incentives for innovation. Cash constraints, in particular, may impact most strongly on R&D and innovation investments by smaller firms. In the United Kingdom, the proportion of innovating firms fell by around a third during the GFC and took around four to six years to recover. Recovery was also uneven – notably weaker in some sectors and regions. The COVID-19 crisis seems likely to leave many firms financially weaker, with the most significant impacts on the willingness or ability of SMEs to sustain R&D and innovation. Where firms are able to sustain these investments, however, the evidence from the GFC suggests that they will lead to better survival chances, stronger growth and higher profitability. Some additional financial support for innovation has been announced by the UK government. Whether this will be sufficient to sustain SME levels of innovative activity, however, remains to be seen.

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