scholarly journals Relationships between soil pH and base saturation – conclusions for Polish and international soil classifications

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 206-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cezary Kabała ◽  
Beata Łabaz
Keyword(s):  
Soil Ph ◽  
Soil Classification ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Base Saturation ◽  
Control Section ◽  
Soil Units ◽  
Mineral Soils ◽  
Diagnostic Horizons ◽  
Soil Groups

Abstract Taking into account the fact that (a) measurement of the cation exchange capacity and base saturation is practically unavailable in the field, that formally makes impossible the reliable field classification of many soils, (b) base saturation is measured or calculated by various methods those results significantly differ, (c) base saturation and soil pH are highly positively correlated, it is suggested to replace the base saturation with pHw (measured in distilled/deionized water suspension) in the classification criteria for diagnostic horizons and soil units/subunits, both in the Polish Soil Classification and FAO-WRB. Based on statistical analysis of 4500 soil samples, the following pHw values are recommended instead of 50% base saturation: pHw <5.5 for umbric and pHw ≥5.5 for the mollic horizon, and for Chernozems, Kastanozems, Phaeozems (directly) and Umbrisols (indirectly). Furthermore, the pHw <4.7 may feature the Dystric qualifier in mineral soils and respective Reference Soil Groups of WRB; while the pHw ≥4.7 may feature the Eutric qualifier. The distinction between subtypes of the brown soils in the Polish Soil Classification may base on the pHw 4.7 or 5.0, but using different requirements of pH distribution in the depth control section. The replacement of the base saturation with pH refers to the formal soil classification only, and does not exclude the use of base saturation for professional soil characteristics.

scholarly journals Classification of brown earths based on field and laboratory properties: Problematic issues and proposition of their solution

2019 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 225
Author(s):  
Karolina Woźnica ◽  
Agnieszka Józefowska ◽  
Justyna Sokołowska ◽  
Ryszard Mazurek ◽  
Tomasz Zaleski
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Main Parameter ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Soil Classification ◽  
Base Saturation ◽  
Carbonate Content ◽  
Field Guide ◽  
Content Determination

<p class="Default">In this paper, the current problems associated with the classification of brown earths, are presented. According to the Polish Soil Classification (PSC) (1989, 2011), base saturation is the main parameter for identifying eutrophic and dystrophic brown soils. In practice, however, it is not possible to determine the base saturation value in the field. Therefore, the aim of this study was to estimate the base saturation using a regression equation and create a field guide for brown earths, based on the pH value, measured using a Hellige indicator, and the calcium carbonate content. Determination of the pH ranges enabled the classification of brown earth types in the field. These results suggest that pH can be used as a proxy for base saturation especially in the field. A change in the hierarchy of soil (sub)types is proposed for the new Polish Soil Classification.</p>

ETUDE SUR LA VALEUR DES CRITERES CHIMIQUES PROPOSES PAR LA COMMISSION PEDOLOGIQUE DU CANADA POUR LA CLASSIFICATION TAXONOMIQUE DES SOLS DU QUEBEC

1977 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 233-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
ROGER W. BARIL ◽  
THI SEN TRAN
Keyword(s):  
Cation Exchange ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Classification System ◽  
Cation Exchange Capacity ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Taxonomic Classification ◽  
Single Test ◽  
Ph Dependent ◽  
Extractable Al

Correlations were made among chemical criteria used for taxonomic soil classificaton. The compared tests were: oxalate Δ (Fe + Al), pyrophosphate-extractable (Fe + Al), oxalate-extractable Al, pH-dependent cation exchange capacity (ΔCEC), ratios of pyrophosphate-extractable (Fe + Al) over clay or over dithionite-extractable (Fe + Al), and finally soil pH measured in 1 M NaF. Significant correlations were found among various measured parameters. However, no single test was found to be reliable as a single criterion when applied to the taxonomic classification of Quebec soils. The two chemical tests, pyrophosphate-extractable (Fe + Al) and its ratio over clay, combined with morphologic criteria appeared useful for classifying Quebec Podzols. A few soils, which presented discrepancies from chemical criteria were found difficult to classify, thus suggesting the possibility of establishing new sub-groups in the Canadain soil taxonomic classification system.

scholarly journals Soil types specified in the bonitation classification and their analogues in the sixth edition of the Polish Soil Classification

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-136
Author(s):  
Bożena Smreczak ◽  
Andrzej Łachacz
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Soil Classification ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Arable Soils ◽  
Sixth Edition ◽  
Quality Classification ◽  
Modern Soil ◽  
Soil Units ◽  
Uniform Manner

Abstract The aim of the paper was to present the correlation between soil types specified in the sixth edition of the Polish Soil Classification (SGP6 2019) and Polish bonitation classification. The comparisons included two categories of agricultural land: arable soils and soils of permanent grasslands. In Poland bonitation maps are one of the oldest documentations regarding soil cover. They were elaborated in an uniform manner and based on the field examination of soil profiles. Soil information reflected specific rules adopted in the soil quality classification, including identification of soil types based on genetic criteria and recognition of appropriate sequence of specific horizons in the soil profile. Publication of the sixth edition of the Polish Soil Classification enabled the attempt to adjust soil units (soil types) specified in both systems. Despite the distinction of new soil units in the Soil Classification of Poland (SGP6 2019), the usage of bonitation maps and classification protocols should not pose major difficulties in reinterpretation of soil types. This indicates on the possibility to introduce, similarly to year 2012, the terminology adapted to the requirements of modern soil science knowledge without causing significant changes in the soil-valuation table.

scholarly journals Grey forest soils in the different classification systems

2017 ◽  
pp. 120-134
Author(s):  
Halyna Ivanyuk
Keyword(s):  
Forest Soils ◽  
Soil Classification ◽  
Classification Systems ◽  
Soil Taxonomy ◽  
Podzolic Soils ◽  
Urgent Task ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Diagnostic Horizons

According to various data, the area of grey forest soils in the world is 94–120.2 million ha, in Ukraine – 4.7–5.5 million ha (about 9 % of the country’s territory). The diversity of conditions for the formation of these soils, discussions about their genesis are the causes of different approaches to the classification of grey forest soils. The history of the classification of grey forest soils is analysed; the most common variants of their classification in Ukraine are presented. Seeking to find approximate equivalents, an attempt to find grey forest soils in the classification systems of different countries (Russia, Moldova, Bulgaria, Romania, Czech Republic, Poland, USA, Canada), as well as in the legend of the FAO-UNESCO map and the WRB has been made. To establish exact analogues of soils practically it is impossible due to different principles of classification’s construction. Modern soil classifications of different countries are as close as possible to WRB and “Soil Taxonomy”. The following names of grey forest soils are identified as the most grounded: light grey forest, grey forest and dark grey podzolic. The following equivalents of the WRB nomenclature (2014) for sub-types of grey forest soils are offered: light grey forest – Albic Luvisols, grey forest – Haplic Luvisols, dark grey podzolic – Luvic Greyzemic Phaeozems. To the names of analogues of these soils with gleyic properties, the qualifier “Gleyic” should be added before the name of the reference soil group. The urgent task for soil scientists of Ukraine is to create a new soil classification that would preserve the acquisitions of genetic soil science but took into account the world trends: the allocation of diagnostic horizons and features that have clearly defined quantitative boundaries. In the new classification, it is proposed to combine the light grey and grey forest soils by a separate group, dark grey podzolic soils to be grouped together in a group with podzolic chernozems. The need for such selection is confirmed by the study of the dark grey soils position in different classification systems of the world, most of which these soils are in the chernozemic type group (Mollisols, Phaeozems and Chernozems). Key words: classification, grey forest soils, Greyzems, Luvisols, Mollisols, Phaeozems.

scholarly journals Land use capacity and environment services

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 1712
Author(s):  
Lucas Emanuel Servidoni ◽  
Joaquim Ernesto Bernardes Ayer ◽  
Marx Leandro Naves Silva ◽  
Velibor Spalevic ◽  
Ronaldo Luiz Mincato
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Base Saturation ◽  
Natural Fertility ◽  
Soil Parameters ◽  
Effective Depth ◽  
Aluminum Saturation ◽  
Increasing Demand ◽  
Cationic Exchange

The increasing demand for food resulting from demographic growth has required more productive agropastoral practices. Consequently, new areas were selected for agropastoral production in an arbitrary way, disregarding land use capacity. This ends up in acceleration of degradation processes, mainly those related to water erosion. In this context, the system of land use capacity proposes the classification of maximum use allowed for land of a rural property or of a hydrographic sub-basin, in an attempt to make sustainable plans of use and management of natural resources. Concerning current use of land, the system indicates the sites where there are conflicts in use in relation to their use capacity. Thus, it is possible to propose measures to adapt land use to its use capacity. Therefore, in this study, the classes of land use capacity at the hydrographic sub-basin of Córrego Pedra Branca, in Alfenas, in the state of Minas Gerais, were evaluated. For that purpose, the following soil parameters were evaluated: effective depth, water permeability, texture, declivity, erosion class, base saturation, effective and potential cationic exchange capacity, and aluminum saturation. Soil analyses presented values of base saturation and of low capacity of effective and potential cationic exchange, which illustrate the low natural fertility of these soils, as well as aluminum saturation level harmful to most cultures. Thus, land use would be restricted to low impact, permanent crops, silvicultures, associated agrosilvipastoral system with conservationist management techniques, as, for example, direct seeding, soil correction and fertilization, and reforestation of permanent preservation areas

SOIL ANALYSIS AND NUMERICAL CLASSIFICATION OF THE LANORAIE DELTA, QUEBEC

1987 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 417-432 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. LAMONTAGNE ◽  
C. CAMIRE
Keyword(s):  
Ecological Study ◽  
Soil Analysis ◽  
Soil Classification ◽  
Numerical Classification ◽  
Soil Water Regime ◽  
Forest Sites ◽  
Soil Distribution ◽  
Genetic Development ◽  
Soil Groups

Analysis and numerical classification of Lanoraie Delta soils were performed as part of an ecological study. After stratification, using detailed soil maps, 84 forest sites were randomly sampled. Eighteen soil descriptors, mainly morphologic, were retained for numerical analysis. Gower's similarity coefficient between profiles was used for the principal coordinate analysis (PCA) which brought out the most probable factors governing soil distribution. The first two axes of the PCA represented 15.5 and 6.2% of the total variance. Soil distribution was along two gradients: soil water regime (Xeric-Hydric) and genetic development (Gleysolic-Podzolic). Cluster analysis by complete linkage created five soil groups which were composed of 23, 9, 17, 25 and 10 soil individuals, respectively. The interpretation of these soil groups utilized the superposition of clusters onto the first two axes of the PCA. Each group was classified into a taxonomic subgroup (Canadian System of Soil Classification) and defined by a typical humus form. Key words: Lanoraie Delta, multivariate analysis, soil classification

scholarly journals Effect of manure, clay, charcoal, zeolite, and calcium oxide on some properties of soil contaminated with cobalt

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 149-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milena Kosiorek ◽  
Mirosław Wyszkowski
Keyword(s):  
Soil Contamination ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Calcium Oxide ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Cation Exchange Capacity ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Base Saturation ◽  
Exchangeable Bases ◽  
Properties Of Soil ◽  
Hydrolytic Acidity

Abstract The study has been undertaken in order to determine the influence of different substances (manure, clay, charcoal, zeolite and calcium oxide) on soil pH, hydrolytic acidity, total exchangeable bases, cation exchange capacity, the base saturation of soil contaminated with cobalt (0, 20, 40, 80, 160, 320 mg·kg−1 of soil). The analysed properties of soil proved to be dependent on the cobalt contamination and the kind of substances. In the series without substances soil contamination with the highest doses of cobalt raised the soil’s hydrolytic acidity but depressed its pH, total exchangeable bases and base saturation. Among the substances applied to soil in order to neutralize the effect of contamination with cobalt, calcium oxide had the strongest influence on the soil’s properties. In the series with calcium oxide application the hydrolytic acidity was decreased and other soil properties were increased. Manure addition to soil had positive but weaker effect on analysed soil properties.

scholarly journals Development of the basic soil classification of Vladimir Fridland in the classification of soils of Russia 2004/2008

2020 ◽  
pp. 5-20
Author(s):  
M. I. Gerasimova ◽  
N. B. Khitrov ◽  
I. I. Lebedeva
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Classification System ◽  
Soil Classification ◽  
Genetic Component ◽  
The World ◽  
Conceptual Background ◽  
Diagnostic Horizons

The basic three-component classification system of soils of the world was published by V.M. Fridland in 1982, and its profile-genetic component was taken as a basis for the classification of soils of Russia (1997– 2004–2008). Unlike the former systems, in that of Fridland the priority is given to soil properties, and this conceptual background is transferred into the new Russian system. The substantive-genetic principles of both systems are implemented in diagnostic horizons and genetic properties; both systems have similar hierarchy of taxa, nomenclature, keys. Changes introduced in the classification of soils of Russia derive either of proposals forwarded in the course of its application, or of information accumulated. They concern the improvement of definitions and introduction of new diagnostic elements; however, the main principles are preserved in the existing and forthcoming versions.  

scholarly journals Characterization and classification of soils in the Taquari river basin - Pantanal region, state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil

2012 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 697-708 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jolimar Antonio Schiavo ◽  
Antonino Hypólito Dias Neto ◽  
Marcos Gervasio Pereira ◽  
Jean Sérgio Rosset ◽  
Mateus Luiz Secretti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Soil Classification ◽  
Base Saturation ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
High Sodium ◽  
Bay Area ◽  
Subsurface Layers ◽  
Mato Grosso Do Sul

Among the soils in the Mato Grosso do Sul, stand out in the Pantanal biome, the Spodosols. Despite being recorded in considerable extensions, few studies aiming to characterize and classify these soils were performed. The purpose of this study was to characterize and classify soils in three areas of two physiographic types in the Taquari river basin: bay and flooded fields. Two trenches were opened in the bay area (P1 and P2) and two in the flooded field (P3 and P4). The third area (saline) with high sodium levels was sampled for further studies. In the soils in both areas the sand fraction was predominant and the texture from sand to sandy loam, with the main constituent quartz. In the bay area, the soil organic carbon in the surface layer (P1) was (OC) > 80 g kg-1, being diagnosed as Histic epipedon. In the other profiles the surface horizons had low OC levels which, associated with other properties, classified them as Ochric epipedons. In the soils of the bay area (P1 and P2), the pH ranged from 5.0 to 7.5, associated with dominance of Ca2+ and Mg2+, with base saturation above 50 % in some horizons. In the flooded fields (P3 and P4) the soil pH ranged from 4.9 to 5.9, H+ contents were high in the surface horizons (0.8-10.5 cmol c kg-1 ), Ca2+ and Mg² contents ranged from 0.4 to 0.8 cmol c kg-1 and base saturation was < 50 %. In the soils of the bay area (P1 and P2) iron was accumulated (extracted by dithionite - Fed) and OC in the spodic horizon; in the P3 and P4 soils only Fed was accumulated (in the subsurface layers). According to the criteria adopted by the Brazilian System of Soil Classification (SiBCS) at the subgroup level, the soils were classified as: P1: Organic Hydromorphic Ferrohumiluvic Spodosol. P2: Typical Orthic Ferrohumiluvic Spodosol. P3: Typical Hydromorphic Ferroluvic Spodosol. P4: Arenic Orthic Ferroluvic Spodosol.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document