scholarly journals Classification of brown earths based on field and laboratory properties: Problematic issues and proposition of their solution

2019 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 225
Author(s):  
Karolina Woźnica ◽  
Agnieszka Józefowska ◽  
Justyna Sokołowska ◽  
Ryszard Mazurek ◽  
Tomasz Zaleski
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Main Parameter ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Soil Classification ◽  
Base Saturation ◽  
Carbonate Content ◽  
Field Guide ◽  
Content Determination

<p class="Default">In this paper, the current problems associated with the classification of brown earths, are presented. According to the Polish Soil Classification (PSC) (1989, 2011), base saturation is the main parameter for identifying eutrophic and dystrophic brown soils. In practice, however, it is not possible to determine the base saturation value in the field. Therefore, the aim of this study was to estimate the base saturation using a regression equation and create a field guide for brown earths, based on the pH value, measured using a Hellige indicator, and the calcium carbonate content. Determination of the pH ranges enabled the classification of brown earth types in the field. These results suggest that pH can be used as a proxy for base saturation especially in the field. A change in the hierarchy of soil (sub)types is proposed for the new Polish Soil Classification.</p>

scholarly journals Relationships between soil pH and base saturation – conclusions for Polish and international soil classifications

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 206-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cezary Kabała ◽  
Beata Łabaz
Keyword(s):  
Soil Ph ◽  
Soil Classification ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Base Saturation ◽  
Control Section ◽  
Soil Units ◽  
Mineral Soils ◽  
Diagnostic Horizons ◽  
Soil Groups

Abstract Taking into account the fact that (a) measurement of the cation exchange capacity and base saturation is practically unavailable in the field, that formally makes impossible the reliable field classification of many soils, (b) base saturation is measured or calculated by various methods those results significantly differ, (c) base saturation and soil pH are highly positively correlated, it is suggested to replace the base saturation with pHw (measured in distilled/deionized water suspension) in the classification criteria for diagnostic horizons and soil units/subunits, both in the Polish Soil Classification and FAO-WRB. Based on statistical analysis of 4500 soil samples, the following pHw values are recommended instead of 50% base saturation: pHw <5.5 for umbric and pHw ≥5.5 for the mollic horizon, and for Chernozems, Kastanozems, Phaeozems (directly) and Umbrisols (indirectly). Furthermore, the pHw <4.7 may feature the Dystric qualifier in mineral soils and respective Reference Soil Groups of WRB; while the pHw ≥4.7 may feature the Eutric qualifier. The distinction between subtypes of the brown soils in the Polish Soil Classification may base on the pHw 4.7 or 5.0, but using different requirements of pH distribution in the depth control section. The replacement of the base saturation with pH refers to the formal soil classification only, and does not exclude the use of base saturation for professional soil characteristics.

A source of error in the estimation of the organic matter content of samples containing calcium carbonate

1972 ◽  
Vol 79 (3) ◽  
pp. 541-542 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. D. DeB. Hovell ◽  
E. R. Ørskov
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Carbonate Content ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
High Calcium ◽  
The Difference

The conventional method for the determination of the organic matter content of diets and faeces is by ashing the sample at 550 °C (A.O.A.C, 1965)Organic matter (O.M.) = dry matter (D.M.)–ash.If the sample contains calcium carbonate, then some of this carbonate will be converted to oxide (Vogel, 1951) and the weight of carbon dioxide evolved will be calculated as organic matter. The amount of carbonate converted will be dependent upon the temperature at which the sample is ashed and the duration of the ashing process. We have found (Ørskov, Hovell & Allen, 1966; Hovell & Greenhalgh, 1972) that when calcium salts of volatile fatty acids are included in diets given to sheep, most of the calcium is excreted in the faeces as carbonate, and since apparent digestibility is the difference between the amounts of nutrient ingested and excreted, the estimation of the apparent digestibility of organic matter will be in error if no correction is made for the high calcium carbonate content of the faeces. For example, a diet which contained 9·2% of calcium acetate had a true organic matterapparent digestibility of 86·8%. Had no correction been made this would have been estimated as 84·9%.

scholarly journals Is there a Technique for the Determination of Sedimentation Rates based on Calcium Carbonate Content? A Comparative Study on the Southeastern Brazilian Shelf

2007 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 649-656 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rubens Cesar Lopes Figueira ◽  
Moyses Gonsalez Tessler ◽  
Michel Michaelovitch De Mahiques ◽  
Marina M. Fukumoto
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Carbonate Content ◽  
Sedimentation Rates ◽  
Calcium Carbonate Content

scholarly journals Properties and classification of heavily eroded post-chernozem soils in Proszowice Plateau (southern Poland)

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 225-233
Author(s):  
Marek Drewnik ◽  
Marcin Żyła
Keyword(s):  
Soil Classification ◽  
Parent Material ◽  
Carbonate Content ◽  
Soil Taxonomy ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Erosion Processes ◽  
Chernozem Soils ◽  
Material Texture ◽  
Strong Erosion

Abstract The morphology and properties of heavily eroded soils found in chernozems in the upland landscape of the Proszowice Plateau (southern part of Poland) was presented. The issue of classification of these soils was also discussed. Taking into account the terrain context, it should have been assumed that these soils were formed as a result of strong erosion (truncation) of chernozems. These (post-chernozem) soils were relatively young, in which only the development of humus horizon can be documented. However, the accumulation of humus was hampered by constantly intense erosion processes. Evidence of the occurrence of the illuviation process as well as formation of cambic horizon is not visible macroscopically and microscopically. These soils are often classified as weakly developed soils though despite the poor development of the soil profile, they are characterized by potentially high productivity, which results both from the properties of their parent material (texture, porosity) and from their youthfulness (carbonate content both in fine earths and in nodules, high pH in whole profile). Therefore, the name proposed in Polish Soil Classification, 6th edition (‘pararędzina’) seems to be justified. These soils would be classified as Entisols according to USDA Soil Taxonomy and as Regosols according to WRB.

scholarly journals Determination of the Atterberg Limits of Eemian Gyttja on Samples with Different Composition

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 168-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Goławska ◽  
Zbigniew Lechowicz ◽  
Władysław Matusiewicz ◽  
Maria Jolanta Sulewska
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Liquid Limit ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Carbonate Content ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Plastic Limit ◽  
Calcium Carbonate Content

AbstractThe paper presents the results of laboratory tests of plastic limit wP and liquid limit wL of Eemian gyttja characterized by different organic matter content Iom and calcium carbonate content CaCO3. Comparison of the liquid limit wL determined with the use of the Casagrande apparatus wLC and a cone penetrometer with cones having apex angles of 60° wL60 and 30° wL30 is shown. Based on statistical analysis of the test results, single- and two-factor empirical relationships for evaluating the plastic limit wP and liquid limit wL of Eemian gyttja depending on the organic matter content Iom and/or calcium carbonate content CaCO3 are presented in this study.

Features of determination of native carbon in carbon-containing rocks on the analyzer of carbon and water

2021 ◽  
Vol 87 (7) ◽  
pp. 23-29
Author(s):  
N. A. Feoktistov ◽  
V. Р. Chernov ◽  
К. G. Pivovarova ◽  
Т. В. Ponamareva ◽  
I. V. Mikhalkina
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Bound Water ◽  
Magnesium Carbonate ◽  
Carbonate Content ◽  
South Urals ◽  
Temperature Range ◽  
Burn Out ◽  
Carbon Determination ◽  
Ir Spectroscopic

The largest deposits of graphite in the Russian Federation are located in the Middle and South Urals. However, several manifestations, e.g., «Opytnyi» sector, which have not yet been placed under production, require substantiation of the strategies for their integrated development, which, in turn, requires gaining the reliable data on the content of graphite in carbon-containing rocks. A method for simultaneous determination of organic and native carbon in carbon-containing rocks using an ELTRA CW MULTIPHASE carbon and water analyzer is proposed. The method is based on the combustion of organic carbon (coal, shale) in a stream of oxygen at 550°C and native carbon (graphite) in the temperature range 550 – 1000°C with subsequent IR-spectroscopic determination of the content of gaseous carbon dioxide. The interfering effect of magnesium carbonate and calcium carbonate on the determination of organic and native carbon was taken into account in the calculations. The carbonate content was determined using a separate sample in a nitrogen flow by decomposition of magnesium carbonate at 550°C and calcium carbonate within a temperature range of 550 – 1000°C. The content of chemically bound water in the composition of the minerals of carbon-containing rocks, was determined simultaneously with carbon. The only one type of carbon — graphite — was observed in the studied samples of the carbon-containing rock from «Opytnyi». The different combustion capacity of graphite was revealed: some of the crystals almost completely burn out at a temperature below 800°C and others above 800°C, which suggests the presence of cryptocrystalline and explicit crystalline graphite in the rocks. The developed method is rapid and corresponds in accuracy to the method for native carbon determination ±0.27 C % – 0.01 C % developed and approved by the Research Council for Analytical Methods of Research (NSAM).

scholarly journals Characterization and Classification of Soils of Bharuch Taluka in Bharuch District of Gujarat

Agropedology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abhishek Jangir ◽  
◽  
R. P. Sharma ◽  
G. Tiwari ◽  
B. Dash ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Carbon Content ◽  
Soil Survey ◽  
Base Saturation ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Alkaline Ph ◽  
Soil Series ◽  
High Base

A detailed soil survey was undertaken at 1:10000 scale to describe, characterize, classify and evaluate the soils of Bharuch taluka, Bharuch district, Gujarat. Old and recent basaltic alluvial plains are the major landforms of the area. A total of 74 pedons, representing old (41 pedons) and recent (33 pedons) alluvial plains were studied. The soils were correlated and three soil series viz. Umraj, Derol and Singdot were identified. The Umraj belong to a very fine, smectitic Typic Haplusterts covers 30,839 ha (48.5 %) area, whereas Derol and Singdot a fine, smectitic Vertic Haplustepts and fine, mixed, Typic Haplustepts covers 20,604 ha (32.5 %) and 4,164 ha (6.6 %) area, respectively. The sand, silt and clay in the soils varied from 8 to 31, 24 to 49 and 23 to 67 per cent, respectively. The soils were very deep, neutral to slightly alkaline (pH 7.3 to 8.4) with low to medium in organic carbon content (0.14 to 0.58 %), low to high in calcium carbonate (1.9 to 16.5 %) with medium to high CEC [39.4 to 62.0 cmol (p+) kg-1] and high base saturation (67.4 to 92.0 %). Soils were assessed as highly to moderately suitable for major crops (cotton, pigeonpea, maize, sugarcane, wheat and chickpea).

scholarly journals Method for Estimation of Calcium Carbonate in Soils from Iraq

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jabbar K Kassim
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Quantitative Determination ◽  
Carbonate Content ◽  
Acid Neutralization ◽  
Calcium Carbonates ◽  
Acid Method ◽  
Proton Adsorption ◽  
Soil Carbonates

Attempts have been made to evaluate four methods of quantitative determination of soil carbonates. Calcium carbonates equivalent were determined by the acid neutralization, calcimeter and acetic acid methods. Also, it obtains by the fourth methods when the acid neutralization method is corrected against proton adsorption. The acid neutralization method gave significantly higher estimates of total carbonates and different from each of the others. The calcimeter method gave the lower estimates of CaCO3 equivalent. The results showed that the corrected values of CaCO3 equivalent did not differ significantly from other three methods but the overall mean tended to be higher than the acetic acid and calcimeter methods. It may be concluded that the acetic acid method is simple, can reasonably estimate the carbonate content and requires only a pH meter. It can be used for routine determination of soil carbonate. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ije.v1i1.8524   International Journal of Environment Vol.1(1) 2013: 9-19

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