Simulation of Oxygen and Nitrogen Removal from Steel by Means of Titanium and Aluminum

2011 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 635-644 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Iwanciw ◽  
D. Podorska ◽  
J. Wypartowicz
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Computer Program ◽  
Titanium Oxide ◽  
Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Liquid Steel ◽  
Variable Temperature ◽  
Metallic Phase ◽  
Parallel Analysis ◽  
Titanium Nitrides ◽  
Steel Refining

Simulation of Oxygen and Nitrogen Removal from Steel by Means of Titanium and Aluminum Authors' computer program was employed in the simulation of the course of steel refining by means of simultaneously used aluminium and titanium. The mass and chemical composition of liquid steel and non-metallic precipitates, were calculated at constant or variable temperature. The influence of assumed nitrides form on the results of simulation was determined. Nitrides may be considered either as separate phases or as the components of non-metallic solution. The stoichiometry of titanium oxide obtained also influences the results of simulation. Parallel analysis of steel refining was carried out with the use of FactSage program. As a result of calculations the subsequent states of equilibrium between steel and non-metallic phase were determined. It was found that aluminium and titanium nitrides may exist only as the components of oxide-nitride solution, not as separate phases.

The Influence of Slenderness Ratios of Multi-Hole Ceramic Filters from SF - 1.67 to SF - 8.36 of Filter Surface on Efficiency of Liquid Steel Refining from Non-Metallic Phase

2013 ◽  
Vol 212 ◽  
pp. 205-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krystian Janiszewski ◽  
Bożena Gajdzik ◽  
Andrzej Wyciślik
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Steel ◽  
Slenderness Ratio ◽  
Filter Material ◽  
Metallic Phase ◽  
Ceramic Filter ◽  
Process Efficiency ◽  
Ceramic Filters ◽  
Filter Surface ◽  
Theoretical Assumptions ◽  
Steel Refining

We propose in this publication the introduction of new, additional definition describing the multiple orifice ceramic filters used in research works on the liquid steel filtrations, calling this the filter slenderness ratio. In order to confirm the theoretical assumptions we have performed a series of the laboratory scale experiments (for the filter slenderness ratio SF - 1.67 to SF - 8.36). The influence of the filter slenderness on the filtration process efficiency has been determined through variations in quantities and surface shares of the non-metallic phase in the filtrated steel in relation to the non-filtered steel. We present also the results of researches on the separating surfaces between the liquid steel and the ceramic filter material, which in form of photos and scanning microscope microanalyses are put together in the publication.

scholarly journals Selection of the chemical composition of steels and their thermal hardening mode using a computer program

2021 ◽  
pp. 59-65
Author(s):  
D. M. Berdiev ◽  
M. A. Uмаrоvа ◽  
A. A. Yusupov
Keyword(s):  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Computer Program ◽  
Sliding Friction ◽  
Thermal Hardening ◽  
Abrasive Particles ◽  
Density Of Dislocations ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Final Tempering ◽  
Selection Of

The relationships between the parameters of the structure of heat‑treated steels and their abrasive wear resistance are established. At all temperatures of the final tempering of hardened steel, there is a direct relationship between its structure parameters (the number of elements in a solid solution, the density of dislocations, the size of cementite particles and the intercementite distance) and wear resistance when sliding friction against loose abrasive particles. A computer program has been developed to select the chemical composition of the steel grade and methods of thermal hardening in order to ensure the required wear resistance.

Thermodynamic Analysis of Liquid Steel Refining by Complex La–Ce–Al-Based Alloy

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 234-242
Author(s):  
G. G. Mikhailov ◽  
L. A. Makrovets ◽  
O. V. Samoilova
Keyword(s):  
Thermodynamic Analysis ◽  
Liquid Steel ◽  
Steel Refining

scholarly journals Analysis Of Separation Mechanism Of The Metallic Phase Of Slag In The Direct-To-Blister Process

2015 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 2347-2353 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.W. Bydałek ◽  
W. Wołczyński ◽  
A. Bydałek ◽  
P. Schlafka ◽  
P. Kwapisiński
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Liquid State ◽  
Metallic Phase ◽  
Separation Mechanism

AbstractThe article discusses the structure of the slag in the liquid state, the properties and interactions within the slag. The analysis of structures occurring in slag suspension were presented with regard to differences in chemical composition in micro-areas. Two different mechanisms for formation of precipitates in Cu-Fe-Pb alloys during extraction were showed.

A new and versatile computer program for correcting EPMA data

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 1658-1659
Author(s):  
I Farthing ◽  
G Love ◽  
VD Scott ◽  
CT Walker
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Computer Program ◽  
Programming Language ◽  
Atomic Number ◽  
Processing Speed ◽  
Electron Probe Microanalysis ◽  
Electron Probe ◽  
Epma Data ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Absorption

A new computer program has been developed to convert electron probe microanalysis data into accurate measurements of chemical composition. It is menu-based and designed to operate off-line using any IBM PC compatible computer. As shown in the flowchart, fig. 1, the architecture is modular and the programming language adopted is a compilable version of BASIC which possesses much of the processing speed associated with FORTRAN or C. Specimens containing up to fifteen elements, with 4 ≤ Z ≤ 96, can be handled and all the major x-ray lines (Kα, Kβ, Lα, L(β, Mα and Mβ) are available for analysis purposes.The procedure itself is based upon the classical ZAF approach in which corrections for atomic number (Z), x-ray absorption (A), characteristic fluorescence (Fl) and continuum fluorescence (F2) are treated independently. The factors dealing with fluorescence are essentially those of Reed (characteristic) and Springer (continuum) although both contain minor updates. However, the atomic number and absorption factors are the authors' own and the latter, developed from a quadrilateral representation of the x-ray distribution with depth in a solid, distinguishes this program from others.

Pressure-induced metallic phase transition in gallium arsenide up to 24.3 GPa under hydrostatic conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 35 (28) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinyu Zhang ◽  
Lidong Dai ◽  
Haiying Hu ◽  
Meiling Hong
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transition ◽  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Gallium Arsenide ◽  
Raman Scattering ◽  
Electrical Transport ◽  
Variable Temperature ◽  
Metallic Phase ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
Metallic Behavior ◽  
Recovered Sample

A series of experiments of structural, vibrational and electrical transport characterization of gallium arsenide (GaAs) have been performed up to 24.3 GPa under hydrostatic conditions in a diamond anvil cell (DAC) in conjunction with in situ Raman scattering spectroscopy, electrical conductivity measurements, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Upon compression, a phase transition from the zinc-blende (zb) to the orthorhombic (Cmcm) structure of GaAs was observed at 12.2 GPa through the discontinuous variations of the Raman shifts, Raman full-width at half-maximum values and electrical conductivity. Furthermore, the results of variable temperature electrical conductivity experiments confirmed that the high-pressure phase (Cmcm) exhibited one obvious metallic behavior. Upon decompression, the Raman scattering results of the recovered sample under ambient conditions indicated that the phase transition was reversible under hydrostatic conditions. The reversibility of the phase transition was further verified by HRTEM and AFM images for the recovered sample.

Influence of liquid steel cooling rate during directional solidification on titanium oxide precipitation

2009 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. G. Li ◽  
S. B. Zheng ◽  
S. J. Xie ◽  
L. W. Wang ◽  
Q. Zheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Directional Solidification ◽  
Cooling Rate ◽  
Titanium Oxide ◽  
Liquid Steel

Thermodyanmics of CaO in Slag Reduced by Carbon during VD Process of Hollow Steel 95CrMo and its Effect on Inclusions

2014 ◽  
Vol 788 ◽  
pp. 289-297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chuan Jie Cai ◽  
Shao Bo Zheng ◽  
Jing Chen ◽  
Zhi Yang Ye ◽  
Hui Gai Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Aluminate ◽  
Liquid Steel ◽  
Treatment Process ◽  
Regular Solution Model ◽  
Slag Basicity ◽  
Smelting Process ◽  
Steel Temperature ◽  
Vacuum Degree ◽  
Thermodynamic Conditions ◽  
Steel Refining

With the help of thermodynamics calculation and kinetic model, the generation mechanism of calcium aluminate inclusions in hollow steel 95CrMo was analyzed. The steel was produced in a certain steelmaking factory whose smelting process is EAF-LF-VD-CC and the micreostructure of the hollow steel 95CrMo samples have been investigated by SEM and EDS. Based on Lumsden’s regular solution model to molten slags, the possibility of CaO in slags reduced by carbon during hollow steel refining in VD furnace was calculated. The influence of furnace vacuum, slag basicity and liquid steel temperature on the reduction of CaO in slag by carbon was discussed. It was showed that the carbon dissolving in liquid steel might reduce CaO in slags to dissolved calcium which could also react with Al2O3 and turn into dot calcium-aluminate inclusions in the steel. The calcium-aluminate existing in the hollow steel easily turned into dot inclusions, which would decrease the fatigue life of the hollow steel. According to the thermodynamic conditions of dot calcium-aluminate inclusions, the influence of slag basicity, temperature of liquid steel, vacuum degree and the Ca treatment process on the quantity of dot inclusions in hollow steel 95CrMo was analyzed.

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