Molecular Epidemiology of Salmonella Enterica Serovar Saintpaul Isolated from Animals, Food, and Humans in 12 European Countries

Abstract The molecular epidemiological relationship among isolates of Salmonella enterica serovar (S.) Saintpaul, which was identified in animals, food, and humans in several EU countries, was investigated. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) revealed a high degree of genetic diversity (82 XbaI PFGE profiles with 42.6% similarity) among 159 S. Saintpaul isolates from animals (n=91), food of animal origin (n=29), and humans (n=36) in 12 European countries during 2005 to 2009. Most frequent profiles (n=12) comprised almost 50% of the tested isolates. Profiles obtained in isolates from a single source within a particular geographical region or particular period of time were indistinguishable or closely related. Turkeys were confirmed as the major reservoir for S. Saintpaul. Indistinguishable PFGE profiles were identified in up to 19 isolates from turkey breeding and fattening flocks and food over the study period. Other animals, including food and pets, may also contribute to S. Saintpaul spread. International trade of animals and food, as well as travelling contributes to the spread of a specific clone to different geographical areas. Although control programmes in breeding turkey flocks, together with improved biosecurity, may interrupt the major transmission routes, it was concluded that S. Saintpaul will continue to represent a potential threat to human health.

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Typing of Salmonella enterica Serotype Paratyphi C Isolates from Various Countries by Plasmid Profiles and Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis

Journal of Clinical Microbiology ◽

10.1128/jcm.37.6.2058-2060.1999 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 37 (6) ◽

pp. 2058-2060 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

S. Kariuki ◽

J. Cheesbrough ◽

A. K. Mavridis ◽

C. A. Hart

Keyword(s):

Restriction Endonuclease ◽

Gel Electrophoresis ◽

Salmonella Enterica ◽

Multidrug Resistant ◽

Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽

Pulsed Field ◽

Plasmid Profiles ◽

Similar Restriction ◽

Restriction Endonuclease Digest ◽

Pfge Profiles

Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) of 61 Salmonella enterica serotype Paratyphi C isolates from six countries gave five distinct clusters. Twenty-four isolates from five countries were susceptible to 10 antimicrobials tested and gave similar restriction endonuclease digest patterns of the 38-MDa plasmid. In contrast, plasmid and PFGE profiles of 37 multidrug-resistant isolates from Zaire were different from those from other countries.

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Molecular Analyses of Salmonellaenterica Isolates from Fish Feed Factories and Fish Feed Ingredients

Applied and Environmental Microbiology ◽

10.1128/aem.69.2.1075-1081.2003 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 69 (2) ◽

pp. 1075-1081 ◽

Cited By ~ 36

Author(s):

Live L. Nesse ◽

Kerstin Nordby ◽

Even Heir ◽

Bjarne Bergsjoe ◽

Traute Vardund ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gel Electrophoresis ◽

Salmonella Enterica ◽

Profile Analysis ◽

Plasmid Profile ◽

Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽

Fish Feed ◽

Molecular Analyses ◽

Feed Ingredients ◽

Pulsed Field ◽

Salmonella Serovars

ABSTRACT Isolates of the most commonly observed salmonella serovars in Norwegian fish feed factories from 1998 to 2000 (Salmonella enterica serovar Agona, S. enterica serovar Montevideo, S. enterica serovar Senftenberg, and S. enterica serovar Kentucky) were studied by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and plasmid profile analysis and compared to isolates of the same serovars from fish feed ingredients, humans, and other sources (a total of 112 isolates). Within each serovar, a variety of distinct PFGE types (with similarity levels less than 90%) were observed in the feed ingredients and other sources, while only two distinct types of each serovar were identified in the factories. The combined results of PFGE and plasmid analyses showed that each factory harbored only a few S. enterica clones. Some of these clones persisted for at least 3 years in the factories, indicating that there was long-lasting contamination probably due to inadequate decontamination procedures.

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Isolation and Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis Typing of Listeria monocytogenes from Modified Atmosphere Packaged Fresh-Cut Vegetables Collected in Ireland

Journal of Food Protection ◽

10.4315/0362-028x-69.10.2524 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 69 (10) ◽

pp. 2524-2528 ◽

Cited By ~ 28

Author(s):

GILLIAN A. FRANCIS ◽

DAVID O'BEIRNE

Keyword(s):

Listeria Monocytogenes ◽

Gel Electrophoresis ◽

Fruits And Vegetables ◽

Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽

Leafy Vegetables ◽

Modified Atmosphere ◽

Pulsed Field ◽

Fruit Samples ◽

Fresh Cut ◽

Pfge Profiles

The incidence of Listeria monocytogenes in modified atmosphere packaged fresh-cut fruits and vegetables from chill cabinets of a supermarket in Ireland was investigated over a 2-year period. Overall, 9.58% of fresh-cut produce was contaminated with Listeria spp. Various species of Listeria were isolated from samples, including L. monocytogenes, L. seeligeri, L. innocua, L. welshimeri, and L. ivanovii. No fruit samples contained detectable L. monocytogenes. Overall, a total of 21 L. monocytogenes isolates (2.9% of samples) were recovered from a range of products, including dry coleslaw mix (80% shredded cabbage and 20% shredded carrot), bean sprouts, and leafy vegetables such iceberg, romaine, and radicchio lettuce and mixed salad leaves (curly endive, escarole, and radicchio leaves). Dry coleslaw mix appeared to have the highest incidence of Listeria contamination (20%) compared with other products. Listeria contamination was more frequent (P < 0.05) during the summer and autumn months than during the winter and spring months. The 21 L. monocytogenes isolates were subsequently subtyped by genomic macrorestriction techniques using ApaI with pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). PFGE of digested DNA produced bands of 79 to 518 kb. Four PFGE profiles were identified, and approximately 50% of the isolates were associated with profile 1. This study indicates that fresh-cut vegetables packaged under a modified atmosphere can support growth of numerous species of Listeria, including L. monocytogenes.

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Outbreaks of monophasic Salmonella enterica serovar 4,[5],12:i:- in Luxembourg, 2006

Eurosurveillance ◽

10.2807/esm.12.06.00719-en ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 12 (6) ◽

pp. 11-12 ◽

Cited By ~ 61

Author(s):

J Mossong ◽

P Marques ◽

C Ragimbeau ◽

P Huberty-Krau ◽

S Losch ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Gel Electrophoresis ◽

Salmonella Enterica ◽

Phage Type ◽

The Elderly ◽

Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽

Pork Meat ◽

Outbreak Strain ◽

Day Care Centers ◽

Antibiotic Resistance Profile

A monophasic Salmonella enterica serovar 4,[5],12:i:- phage type DT193 emerged as the dominant serovar in Luxembourg in 2006, when it caused two major outbreaks involving 133 laboratory-confirmed human cases, 24 hospitalisations, and one death. The outbreak strain had an uncommon pulsed-field gel electrophoresis pattern STYMXB.0031 and antibiotic resistance profile ASSuT. A high proportion of cases were clustered in institutions for the elderly and in day-care centers. Strains identical to the outbreak strain were recovered from two control meals, a nappy changing table, retail sausages and caecal porcine samples at an abattoir. Locally produced pork meat is strongly suspected to have been the vehicle for the outbreaks, although the precise mechanisms remain unclear.

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Citrobacter braakii Yield False-Positive Identification as Salmonella, a Note of Caution

Foods ◽

10.3390/foods10092177 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (9) ◽

pp. 2177

Author(s):

Joanna Pławińska-Czarnak ◽

Karolina Wódz ◽

Magdalena Kizerwetter-Świda ◽

Tomasz Nowak ◽

Janusz Bogdan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

False Positive ◽

Salmonella Enterica ◽

Meat Products ◽

Animal Origin ◽

Biochemical Tests ◽

Salmonella Spp ◽

Isolation And Identification ◽

False Positive Identification ◽

Food Of Animal Origin ◽

Meat Samples

Background: Globally, Salmonella enterica is one of the leading causes of foodborne illness in humans. Food of animal origin is obligatorily tested for the presence of this pathogen. Unfortunately, in meat and meat products, this is often hampered by the presence of background microbiota, which may present as false-positive Salmonella. Methods: For the identification of Salmonella spp. from meat samples of beef, pork, and poultry, the authorized detection method is PN-EN ISO 6579-1:2017-04 with the White–Kauffmann–Le Minor scheme, two biochemical tests: API 20E and VITEK II, and a real-time PCR-based technique. Results: Out of 42 presumptive strains of Salmonella, 83.3% Salmonella enterica spp. enterica, 14.3% Citrobacter braakii, and 12.4% Proteus mirabilis were detected from 180 meat samples. Conclusions: Presumptive strains of Salmonella should be identified based on genotypic properties such as DNA-based methods. The aim of this study was the isolation and identification of Salmonella spp. from miscellaneous meat sorts: beef, pork, and poultry.

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Outbreak of Salmonella enterica serotype Muenster infections associated with goat's cheese, France, March 2008

Eurosurveillance ◽

10.2807/ese.14.31.19290-en ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 14 (31) ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

D van Cauteren ◽

N Jourdan-da Silva ◽

F X Weill ◽

L King ◽

A Brisabois ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Food Consumption ◽

Gel Electrophoresis ◽

Salmonella Enterica ◽

Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽

Gastrointestinal Illness ◽

Pulsed Field

Salmonella enterica serotype Muenster (hereafter referred to as S. Muenster) is rare in France and in Europe. In France, a nationwide outbreak of gastrointestinal illness due to S. Muenster occurred during March and April 2008. Twenty-five laboratory-confirmed cases of S. Muenster were documented by telephone using a trawling questionnaire. Four patients were admitted to hospital and no death was recorded. Among the 21 interviewed cases, 16 reported consumption of goat's cheese in the days prior to symptoms. The investigation incriminated goat's cheese from producer X as being the most likely source of the outbreak. S. Muenster was isolated from both cases and the incriminated goat's cheese. The pulsed-field gel electrophoresis profiles of the food isolates of producer X and the isolates from cases were indistinguishable. Following the withdrawal of the contaminated batch of cheese, the number of cases decreased to its usual level. To our knowledge, this is the first published outbreak of S. Muenster associated with food consumption in Europe.

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Molecular typing of Escherichia coli O157[ratio ]H7 (H−) isolates from cattle in Japan

Epidemiology and Infection ◽

10.1017/s0950268899002198 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 122 (2) ◽

pp. 337-341 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

M. AKIBA ◽

T. MASUDA ◽

T. SAMESHIMA ◽

K. KATSUDA ◽

M. NAKAZAWA

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Molecular Typing ◽

Gel Electrophoresis ◽

Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽

Escherichia Coli O157 ◽

Outbreak Strain ◽

Pulsed Field ◽

E Coli ◽

Biological Methods ◽

Pfge Profiles

A total of 77 Escherichia coli O157[ratio ]H7 (H−) isolates from cattle in Japan were investigated by molecular biological methods. Most of these isolates (43 isolates) possessed the stx2 gene, but not stx1. Fifteen bacteriophage types and 50 pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) profiles were observed. One isolate was indistinguishable from the human outbreak strain by these methods. This indicates that cattle must be considered as a possible source of human E. coli O157[ratio ]H7 infection in Japan.

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Salmonella Genomic Island 1 (SGI1) and genetic characteristics of animal and food isolates of Salmonella Typhimurium DT104 in Hungary

Acta Veterinaria Hungarica ◽

10.1556/avet.56.2008.1.2 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 56 (1) ◽

pp. 5-11 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Péter Fekete ◽

Béla Nagy

Keyword(s):

Salmonella Typhimurium ◽

Gel Electrophoresis ◽

Animal Species ◽

Genomic Island ◽

Phage Type ◽

Geographic Origin ◽

Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽

Animal Origin ◽

Genetic Characteristics ◽

First Time

To study the genetic characteristics of DT104 strains of Salmonella Typhimurium and the prevalence of Salmonella Genomic Island (SGI1) in Hungary, 140 recent Salmonella strains of food and animal origin were examined. For the first time in Hungary, the SGI1 was found in 17 out of 59 S . Typhimurium isolates (all proven to be DT104 phage type). These 17 strains were then subtyped by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) into 6 pulsotypes which were less correlated with the geographic origin than with the animal species of origin.

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Nontyphoidal Salmonellae in United Kingdom Badgers: Prevalence and Spatial Distribution

Applied and Environmental Microbiology ◽

10.1128/aem.69.7.4312-4315.2003 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 69 (7) ◽

pp. 4312-4315 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

J. Sian Wilson ◽

Sarah M. Hazel ◽

Nicola J. Williams ◽

Amos Phiri ◽

Nigel P. French ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Spatial Distribution ◽

United Kingdom ◽

Gel Electrophoresis ◽

Salmonella Enterica ◽

Social Groups ◽

Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽

Pulsed Field

ABSTRACT Eighteen (72%) of 25 badger social groups were found to excrete Salmonella enterica serovar Ried, S. enterica serovar Binza, S. enterica serovar Agama, or S. enterica serovar Lomita. Each serovar was susceptible to a panel of antimicrobials. Based on results of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, the S. enterica serovar Agama and S. enterica serovar Binza isolates were very similar, but two clones each of S. enterica serovar Lomita and S. enterica serovar Ried were found. Badgers excreting S. enterica serovar Agama were spatially clustered.

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