scholarly journals Character Metaphors in George Orwell’s Animal Farm

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 81
Author(s):  
Dian Fajrina
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
Karl Marx ◽  
George Orwell ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Communist Manifesto ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Union Leaders ◽  
Other Information ◽  
Animal Farm

Animal Farm was written by George Orwell in 1944 to criticize the Soviet Union leaders and their administration represented by animal characters. The objective of this study was to find out the resemblances between the character of Soviet Union leaders at the time the novel was written and those depicted in the novel. In analysing the objective of this study, content analysis was used. The data are the dialogues and other information in the novel concerning the metaphors of characters between the Soviet Union leaders of the 20th century and those in Animal Farm. The writer finds out that Jones metaphors Nicholas II, the last Tsar of Russian Monarchy, Old Major with his speech metaphors Karl Marx with his Communist Manifesto, Napoleon as Stalin, Snowball as Trotsky, Squealer as Pravda, the Russian Newspaper at that time, Frederick as German and Boxer as the type of gullibility proletariat. Indeed, George Orwell’s timeless work reminds us that totalitarianism could be harmful to one society.

scholarly journals Animal Farm Revisited: An Environment Allegory

1999 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 135
Author(s):  
Bruce Pardy
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Resource Management ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Environmental Law ◽  
George Orwell ◽  
Rorschach Test ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
History Of ◽  
Animal Farm

In 1945, George Orwell wrote Animal Farm, a story about barnyard animals who overthrow their tyrannical human master but end up creating an equally oppressive hierarchy.  "All animals are equal", reads the seminal line in the book, "but some animals are more equal than others".  Animal Farm was an allegory about the Soviet Union under Stalin, although Orwell intended it to have wider application also.  "It is" wrote Orwell in the blurb for the first edition, "the history of a revolution that went wrong – and of the excellent excuses that were forthcoming at every step for the perversion of the original doctrine".  In "Animal Farm Revisited" Orwell's template has been applied to the environmental question. In a multitude of countries, including New Zealand, and in the international sphere, environmental law suffers from a plethora of good intentions and a paucity of concrete principles. Indeed, the history of environmental protection could be described as the story of an intention gone astray – and of the excellent explanations that have been forthcoming for the qualification of its purpose. "Animal Farm Revisited" is a kind of environmental Rorschach test: at what moment do actions become environmentally inappropriate? Many answers are possible. The story is not specifically about the Resource Management Act 1991, but its themes are relevant to the Act and its interpretation. 

Vanguard of the Revolution

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. James McAdams
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Communist Party ◽  
Political Institutions ◽  
North Korea ◽  
Karl Marx ◽  
Modern World ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Revolution

This book is a sweeping history of one of the most significant political institutions of the modern world. The communist party was a revolutionary idea long before its supporters came to power. The book argues that the rise and fall of communism can be understood only by taking into account the origins and evolution of this compelling idea. It shows how the leaders of parties in countries as diverse as the Soviet Union, China, Germany, Yugoslavia, Cuba, and North Korea adapted the original ideas of revolutionaries like Karl Marx and Vladimir Lenin to profoundly different social and cultural settings. The book is essential reading for anyone seeking to understand world communism and the captivating idea that gave it life.

scholarly journals Viewing ‘the other’ over a hundred and a score more years: South Africa and Russia (1890–2010)

2010 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
I Liebenberg
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Political Economy ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
International Political Economy ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Boer War ◽  
Global Context ◽  
Racial Capitalism ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Auto Ethnography

Whether novel is history or history is novel, is a tantalising point. “The novel is no longer a work, a thing to make las t, to connect the pas t with the future but (only) one current event among many, a ges ture with no tomorrow” Kundera (1988:19). One does not have to agree with Kundera to find that social sciences , as his toriography holds a s tory, a human narrative to be shared when focused on a case or cases. In this case, relations between peoples over more than a century are discussed. At the same time, what is known as broader casing in qualitative studies enters the picture. The relations between the governments and the peoples of South Africa and Russia ( including the Soviet Union), sometimes in conflict or peace and sometimes at variance are discussed. Past and present communalities and differences between two national entities within a changing international or global context deserve attention while moments of auto-ethnography compliment the study. References are made to the international political economy in the context of the relations between these countries.Keywords: Soviet Union; South Africa; Total Onslaught; United Party; Friends of the Soviet Union; ideological conflict (South Africa); Russians (and the Anglo-Boer War); racial capitalism; apartheid; communism/Trotskyism (in South Africa); broader casing (qualitative research)Subject fields: political science; sociology; (military) history; international political economy; social anthropology; international relations; conflict studies

Attaining Primacy

2018 ◽  
pp. 183-208
Author(s):  
William O. Walker
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
World Order ◽  
Smithsonian Institution ◽  
The United States ◽  
Grand Strategy ◽  
The Novel ◽  
The Soviet Union

This chapter explores Richard Nixon’s and Henry Kissinger’s disdain for hegemony and search for primacy as they sought to refurbish America’s tarnished reputation. Through their pursuit of détente with the Soviet Union and China, their resort to the Nixon Doctrine (to exit as gracefully as possible from Indochina), and the meeting at the Smithsonian Institution in December 1971 to restore America’s global economic stature, they attempted to achieve U.S. primacy in world affairs. Their efforts to implement the novel grand strategy of strategic globalism fell short, as seen in the difficulty of extricating the United States from Vietnam, Nixon’s Watergate imbroglio, and the presence of competing visions of world order among allies, most notably in West Germany’s pursuit of Ostpolitik.

Seven Days in May

2020 ◽  
pp. 61-93
Author(s):  
Paul Matzko
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Labor Union ◽  
Federal Communications Commission ◽  
Nuclear Test ◽  
Internal Revenue Service ◽  
Military Coup ◽  
Right Wing ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Union Leaders ◽  
Regulatory Scrutiny

President Kennedy’s concerns over the Radio Right grew throughout his term in office. At the time, the administration worried about the prospect of a right-wing military coup led by someone like recently cashiered Army General Edwin Walker, especially after he headlined a campaign-style national tour called Operation Midnight Ride with conservative broadcaster Billy James Hargis. The final straw was the wave of conservative attacks on the president’s proposed Nuclear Test Ban Treaty with the Soviet Union in the summer of 1963. Kennedy responded to the rise of the Radio Right by commissioning a strategy document from labor union leaders Walter and Victor Reuther. This “Reuther Memorandum,” as it became known, called for targeting conservative broadcasters with extra regulatory scrutiny by the Internal Revenue Service and the Federal Communications Commission.

scholarly journals Friends in war: Sweden between solidarity and self-help, 1939–1945

2020 ◽  
pp. 001083672090438
Author(s):  
Arash Heydarian Pashakhanlou ◽  
Felix Berenskötter
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Second World War ◽  
The Novel ◽  
World War ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Self Help ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Winter War ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Second World

This article scrutinizes the assumption that friends support each other in times of war. Picking up the notion that solidarity, or ‘other-help’, is a key feature of friendship between states, the article explores how states behave when a friend is attacked by an overwhelming enemy. It directs attention to the trade-off between solidarity and self-help that governments face in such a situation and makes the novel argument that the decision about whether and how to support the friend is significantly influenced by assessments of the distribution of material capabilities and the relationship the state has with the aggressor. This proposition is supported empirically in an examination of Sweden’s response to its Nordic friends’ need for help during the Second World War – to Finland during the 1939–1940 ‘Winter War’ with the Soviet Union, and to Norway following the invasion of Germany from 1940 to 1945.

scholarly journals Collecting and compiling the oral accounts of Chinese scientists trained in the Soviet Union in the 1950s and 1960s: Practice and reflection

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 197-205
Author(s):  
Liyuan Wang
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Candidate Selection ◽  
Team Members ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Other Information ◽  
Collective Experience ◽  
The 1950S ◽  
Selection Framework ◽  
Detailed Presentation

In recent years, the recovery and compilation of the oral histories of scientists has attracted increasing attention. The focus of the research has also expanded from individual experiences to collective experience. As part of the Project on Collecting the Historical Data of Chinese Scientists’ Academic Life, and following the norms of historiography, I and other team members compiled oral interviews and accounts of Chinese scientists trained in the Soviet Union in the 1950s and 1960s. Through the procedures of data collection, candidate selection, framework construction and detailed presentation, I compiled the oral accounts of 16 Soviet-educated Chinese scientists, supplemented by photos, annotations and other information. These materials describe the lived circumstances and feelings of those scientists in the early days of the People’s Republic of China and recreate the collective experience of this generation of scientists from multiple angles.

The Decolonization of the Environment in Kazakhstan: The Novel Final Respects by Abdi-Jamil Nurpeisov

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 296-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dina Sharipova
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Power Relations ◽  
The Other ◽  
Aral Sea ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Fishing Village ◽  
Human Culture ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Sea Power ◽  
Entire World

AbstractThis article examines the novel Final Respects by Abdi-Jamil Nurpeisov from a postcolonial ecocritical perspective. Nurpeisov was one of the first Kazakh writers to discuss the decolonization of the environment and the “process of self-apprehension” by writing about the tragedy of the Aral Sea, power relations between the center and periphery, and the interconnectivity of humans and the environment in the Soviet Union. Through the prism of a small fishing village, he shows the tragedy of a nation that has an impact on the entire world. The novel is thus a critique of anthropocentric policies imposed by Moscow on Kazakhstan and other Soviet republics. Throughout the text, Nurpeisov reiterates the connection between the local and the global on one hand, and human culture and the environment on the other.

African Studies in the U.S.S.R.

1966 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 359-366
Author(s):  
V. G. Solodovnikov
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Special Interest ◽  
Karl Marx ◽  
Slave Trade ◽  
African Studies ◽  
Arts And Crafts ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Deep Roots ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Soviet Union

African studies in the Soviet Union have deep roots in the past. The nature of Africa, the African peoples' way of life, their culture, arts, and crafts have long been of special interest to scholars in the Soviet Union. We have never had any mercenary motives, for our country never had colonies in Africa and never aimed at seizing African lands. No Russian soldier has ever been to Africa. Moreover, many Russian progressive intellectuals strongly protested against any form of exploitation and slavery. More than once they spoke in support of Africans and attacked the slave trade and the policy of turning the vast regions of Africa into what Karl Marx called ‘field reserves’ for the hunting of Africans.

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