RAPID SCREENING OF ANTIBACTERIAL AND ANTIOXIDANT METABOLITES FROM ENDOPHYTIC FUNGI ISOLATED FROM Papuacedrus papuana BY TLC-BIOAUTOGRAPHY

Abstract Endophytic fungi have the potential to enhance plant resistance to various stresses and promote the ecological adaptation of the hosts. To evaluate the effects of the riparian endophytes on rice seedlings to flooding tolerance, here we screened out two endophytes from the plant Myricaria laxiflora growing in the Yangtze River zone. Through morphological characteristics and rDNA ITS (internal transcriber region) sequence, the two strains were respectively identified as Aspergillus fumigatus and Chaetomium globosum. Metabolites derived from both fungi were capable of increasing tolerance to flooding. Systematic separation and purification coupled to bioassays revealed that two natural antioxidants, Z-N-4-hydroxystyryl formamide (NFA) and chaetoglobosin A (CheA), were effective for alleviating flooding stress. Both NFA and CheA inhibited the production of factors such as malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, ethanol dehydrogenase, and NADPH oxidase that are associated with oxidative stress induced by flooding. Gene expression analyses of NADPH oxidase families indicated that OsRbohB could be involved in conferring flooding tolerance mediated by the two natural antioxidants. These findings contribute to understanding the role of the natural antioxidants in riparian endophytic fungi, and providing a basis for improvement of flooding tolerance of rice and other crop plants through the antioxidants of the fungal endophytes.

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Rapid Screening and Identification of Brefeldin A in Endophytic Fungi Using HPLC-MS/MS

Frontiers of Chemistry in China ◽

10.1007/s11458-005-0016-3 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 15-19 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Meijuan Fang ◽

Jianfeng Wang ◽

Yaojian Huang ◽

Yufen Zhao

Keyword(s):

Endophytic Fungi ◽

Brefeldin A ◽

Rapid Screening ◽

Screening And Identification

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Exploiting the Biosynthetic Potency of Taxol from Fungal Endophytes of Conifers Plants; Genome Mining and Metabolic Manipulation

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules25133000 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 25 (13) ◽

pp. 3000 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ashraf S.A. El-Sayed ◽

Manal T. El-Sayed ◽

Amgad M. Rady ◽

Nabila Zein ◽

Gamal Enan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Endophytic Fungi ◽

Genetic Manipulation ◽

Fungal Endophytes ◽

Genome Mining ◽

Biosynthetic Gene Cluster ◽

Rapid Screening ◽

Plant Host ◽

Taxol Production ◽

Molecular Manipulation ◽

Rate Limiting

Endophytic fungi have been considered as a repertoire for bioactive secondary metabolites with potential application in medicine, agriculture and food industry. The biosynthetic pathways by fungal endophytes raise the argument of acquisition of these machineries of such complex metabolites from the plant host. Diterpenoids “Taxol” is the most effective anticancer drug with highest annual sale, since its discovery in 1970 from the Pacific yew tree, Taxus brevifolia. However, the lower yield of Taxol from this natural source (bark of T. brevifolia), availability and vulnerability of this plant to unpredicted fluctuation with the ecological and environmental conditions are the challenges. Endophytic fungi from Taxus spp. opened a new avenue for industrial Taxol production due to their fast growth, cost effectiveness, independence on climatic changes, feasibility of genetic manipulation. However, the anticipation of endophytic fungi for industrial Taxol production has been challenged by the loss of its productivity, due to the metabolic reprograming of cells, downregulating the expression of its encoding genes with subculturing and storage. Thus, the objectives of this review were to (1) Nominate the endophytic fungal isolates with the Taxol producing potency from Taxaceae and Podocarpaceae; (2) Emphasize the different approaches such as molecular manipulation, cultural optimization, co-cultivation for enhancing the Taxol productivities; (3) Accentuate the genome mining of the rate-limiting enzymes for rapid screening the Taxol biosynthetic machinery; (4) Triggering the silenced rate-limiting genes and transcriptional factors to activates the biosynthetic gene cluster of Taxol.

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Diversity of endophytic fungi from Vernonia amygdalina, their phenolic and flavonoid contents and bioactivities

Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity ◽

10.13057/biodiv/d210202 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Praptiwi Praptiwi ◽

Ahmad Fathoni ◽

Muhammad Ilyas

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Endophytic Fungi ◽

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Activity Index ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Vernonia Amygdalina ◽

Phenolic Contents ◽

Tlc Bioautography ◽

Phenolic And Flavonoid

Abstract. Praptiwi, Fathoni A, Ilyas M. 2019. Diversity of endophytic fungi from Vernonia amygdalina, their phenolic and flavonoid contents and bioactivities. Biodiversitas 20: 436-441. There are nine endophytic fungi in total associated with stem and leaves of Vernonia amygdalina were determined for their total phenolic and flavonoids content as well as assessed for their antibacterial and antioxidant activities. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents were determined by spectrophotometric methods. The antibacterial activity was performed using Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) - Bioautography assay against S.aureus and E.coli. The antioxidant activity was carried out using TLC- Bioautography by DPPH scavenging assay. Broth serial microdilution assay was used to determine the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) and the half-maximum inhibitory concentration (IC50). Among the identified isolates, there was one isolate of Phomopsis sp., two isolates of Phoma sp., two isolates of Lasiodiplodia sp., two isolates of Colletotrichum sp. and two isolates of Phyllosticta sp. The results showed that the phenolic contents were ranging from 0.53-116.03 mg GAE/g extract, flavonoids contents were ranging from 81.12 to 390.21 mg quercetin equivalent (QE)/g extract. MICs of endophytic fungi against S.aureus and E.coli ranged from 256 to >256 µg/mL and >256 µg/mL respectively that categorized as moderate antibacterial activity. The antioxidant activity of endophytic fungi associated with V. amygdalina was >128 µg/mL, and the antioxidant activity index (AAI) was 0.24.

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