Diversity of endophytic fungi from Vernonia amygdalina, their phenolic and flavonoid contents and bioactivities

Abstract. Praptiwi, Fathoni A, Ilyas M. 2019. Diversity of endophytic fungi from Vernonia amygdalina, their phenolic and flavonoid contents and bioactivities. Biodiversitas 20: 436-441. There are nine endophytic fungi in total associated with stem and leaves of Vernonia amygdalina were determined for their total phenolic and flavonoids content as well as assessed for their antibacterial and antioxidant activities. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents were determined by spectrophotometric methods. The antibacterial activity was performed using Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) - Bioautography assay against S.aureus and E.coli. The antioxidant activity was carried out using TLC- Bioautography by DPPH scavenging assay. Broth serial microdilution assay was used to determine the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) and the half-maximum inhibitory concentration (IC50). Among the identified isolates, there was one isolate of Phomopsis sp., two isolates of Phoma sp., two isolates of Lasiodiplodia sp., two isolates of Colletotrichum sp. and two isolates of Phyllosticta sp. The results showed that the phenolic contents were ranging from 0.53-116.03 mg GAE/g extract, flavonoids contents were ranging from 81.12 to 390.21 mg quercetin equivalent (QE)/g extract. MICs of endophytic fungi against S.aureus and E.coli ranged from 256 to >256 µg/mL and >256 µg/mL respectively that categorized as moderate antibacterial activity. The antioxidant activity of endophytic fungi associated with V. amygdalina was >128 µg/mL, and the antioxidant activity index (AAI) was 0.24.

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Antibacterial and Antioxidant Activities of Centeurea damascena Methanolic Extract

Journal of Basic and Applied Research in Biomedicine ◽

10.51152/jbarbiomed.v5i1.29 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 55-63

Author(s):

Mohammad Jaafreh ◽

Khaled Khleifat ◽

Haitham Qaralleh ◽

Muhamad Al-limoun

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Plant Extracts ◽

Methanol Extract ◽

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Micrococcus Luteus ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Phenolic Contents ◽

The Family

The family Asteraceae include large number of Centaurea species which have been applied in folk medicine. One of the family Asteraceae members is the Centaurea damascena which authentically been tested for its antibacterial and antioxidant activity as well as its toxicity. The aims of the study were to determine the antimicrobial and antioxidant activities and toxicity of methanolic plant extracts of Centaurea damascene. The methanolic extracts were screened for their antibacterial activity against nine bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 43300, Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633, Micrococcus luteus ATCC 10240, and Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 12228, Escherichia coli ATCC 11293, Pseudomonas aerugino and Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterobacter aerogenes ATCC 13048 and Salmonella typhi ATCC19430). The antibacterial activity was assessed by using the disc diffusion methods and the minimum inhibition concentrations (MIC) using microdilution method. The extracts from Centaurea damascene possessed antibacterial activity against several of the tested microorganisms. The MIC of methanol extract of C. damascene ranged from 60–1100 µg/mL. Free radical scavenging capacity of the C. damascena methanol extract was calculated by DPPH and FRAP test. DPPH radicals were scavenged with an IC50 value of 17.08 µg /ml. Antioxidant capacities obtained by the FRAP was 51.9 and expressed in mg Trolox g-1 dry weight. The total phenolic compounds of the methanol extracts of aerial parts, as estimated by Folin–Ciocalteu reagent method, was about 460 mg GAE/ g. The phenolic contents in the extracts highly correlate with their antioxidant activity, (R2 = 0.976) confirming that the antioxidant activity of this plant extracts is considerably phenolic contents-dependent

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Endophytic Fungi of Brunfelsia Uniflora: Isolation, Cryopreservation, and Determination of Enzymatic and Antioxidant Activity

10.21203/rs.3.rs-734603/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Sara Jane Marsola ◽

Lais Freitas Jorge ◽

Adriano Broges Menequeti ◽

Miria Benetati Delgado Berteli ◽

Thaís Emanuelle Feijó Lima ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Endophytic Fungi ◽

Laccase Activity ◽

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Sucrose Solution ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Cellulase Activity ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Malt Extract ◽

Phenolic Contents

Abstract Brunfelsia uniflora (Pohl.) D. Don (Solanaceae), commonly known as manacá-de-cheiro , is widely distributed in Brazil and used by local indigenous peoples as an antirheumatic, antisyphilitic , depurative, emetic, vermifuge, and purgative agent. Several studies have examined the biological activities and phytochemical profile of Brunfelsia ; however, few have focused on the diversity of endophytic microorganisms that colonize members of the genus. This study aimed to isolate and cryopreserve endophytic fungi from B. uniflora and determine their cellulase, laccase, and antioxidant activities. Endophytic fungi were isolated from B. uniflora stems, cultured on wheat grains, immersed in a 150 g/L aqueous sucrose solution, and cryopreserved at −80°C for 1 and 6 months. Cellulase activity was determined by a qualitative test using carboxymethylcellulose medium and laccase activity by a quantitative test based on the oxidation of 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate). Prior to antioxidant activity assays, fungi were grown in malt extract broth for production of mycelial biomass. A methanolic extract was prepared for evaluation of DPPH• scavenging activity, FRAP activity, and total phenolic content. A total of 46 endophytic fungal isolates were obtained from B. uniflora stems and classified into 24 groups according to morphological similarities. B. uniflora was shown to harbor a great diversity of endophytic fungi . Mycelial viability was observed after 1 and 6 months of cryopreservation at −80 °C. Fungi exhibited cellulase and laccase activities. Isolate CE23 had the highest laccase activity after 7 days of cultivation. Twelve isolates were found to have low total phenolic contents and DPPH• and FRAP activities.

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SKRINING FITOKIMIA DAN UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDAN DAN ANTITUMOR 20 TUMBUHAN OBAT ASAL KABUPATEN MANOKWARI

Jurnal Natural ◽

10.30862/jn.v7i1.678 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Bimo Budi Santoso

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Medicinal Plants ◽

Antitumor Activity ◽

Traditional Method ◽

Extraction Efficiency ◽

Phenolic Content ◽

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Phenolic Contents ◽

Total Phenolic Contents

Flavanoid, steroid, and terpenoid contents of 20 Manokwari medicinal plants were analyzed. The antioxidant activity, total phenolic contents and antitumor activity of 20 Manokwari medicinal plants were also evaluated. The result shows that 83% positif to flavanoid test, 59% positif to terpenoid test and only 25% positif steroid. Antioxidant activity and total phenolic contents evaluated using Ferric Thiocianate (FTC) and Folin-Ciocalteu methods respectively. Antioxidant activity and total phenolic contents of medicinal plants were extracted by the traditional method, boiling in water and also in 80% methanol. Twenty plants evaluated in both exstracts have significantly varies of antioxidant activities and phenolic contents, A significant and linier correlation coefficient between the antioxidant activity and the total phenolic content was found in both aqueous (R2= 0,77) and methanol (R2 = 0,85). Antitumor activity was tested using cell maurine P-388 and only 2 of medicinal plants are active to inhibit cell maurine P-388. Comparing extraction efficiency of the two methods, the methanol extracted phenolic compounds more efficiently, and antioxidant activity of the extract was higher.

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Polyphenolic Contents and Antioxidant Properties of Different Grape (V. vinifera,V. labrusca, andV. hybrid) Cultivars

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2013/718065 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2013 ◽

pp. 1-5 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

Shivraj Hariram Nile ◽

S. H. Kim ◽

Eun Young Ko ◽

Se Won Park

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Radical Scavenging Activity ◽

Antioxidant Properties ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Coumaric Acid ◽

Grape Skin ◽

Phenolic Contents ◽

Grape Skins ◽

Phenolic And Flavonoid

The polyphenolic contents and the antioxidant activity of the skins and pulps of different grape cultivars were estimated using HPLC and DPPH antioxidant assay, respectively. The phenolics and flavonoids identified were quercetin, kaempferol, caffeic acid, p-coumaric acid, cinnamic acid, and (−)-epicatechin. The total phenolic contents were found to be the highest in the grape skin of Flouxa (>400 mg/100 g), followed by Campbell Early and Tamnara (>300 mg/100 g), and then by Red Globe and Ruby Seedless (>250 mg/100 g), and the total phenolic content was the lowest in Italia and Delaware (<60 mg/100 g). The antioxidant activities of the grape extracts varied from 12.5% (Ruby Seedless) to 60.2% (Hongiseul) for skins, whereas the antioxidant activities of the grape extracts varied from 35.4% (Campbell Early) to 84.5% (Hongiseul) for pulps. The grape pulps have stronger antioxidant activities than those of the grape skins. Our results suggest that the phenolic and flavonoid contents in extracts of grape skins and pulps showed statistically significant correlations with the free radical scavenging activity.

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Efficacy of N-Methyl-N-Nitrosourea Mutation on Physicochemical Properties, Phytochemicals, and Momilactones A and B in Rice

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su11236862 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (23) ◽

pp. 6862 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Kifayatullah Kakar ◽

Tran Dang Xuan ◽

Nguyen Van Quan ◽

Imran Khan Wafa ◽

Hoang-Dung Tran ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Functional Foods ◽

Grain Quality ◽

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Rice Grain ◽

Rice Cultivars ◽

Phenolic Contents ◽

Phytochemical Compounds ◽

Beneficial Traits

Attempts regarding the improvement and development of novel rice with better quality and higher productivity have been increasing. Among approaches, mutation is a direct alteration on the genome and considered as one of the most beneficial routes to acquire new beneficial traits in rice. An experiment was carried out to explore the effects of N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU) mutation on the antioxidant activities, phytochemical compounds, and momilactones A (MA) and B (MB) in rice. Two rice cultivars, K1 (an original cultivar DT84) and K2 (mutated DT84), were examined. Antioxidant activities, phenolic compounds, and momilactones of the rice grain, husk, and straw portions were measured and quantified. Antioxidant activities were higher in grain and straw of K2, whereas K1 showed greater antioxidant activity in rice husk. Additionally, K2 displayed higher total phenolic contents (TPC) in grain and straw as well as lower of it in the husk, but these variations significantly differed only in the straw portion. An increase in total flavonoid contents (TFC) was observed in the husk of K1, while K2 significantly enhanced TFC in straw. Both MA and MB, two compounds obtaining antidiabetes, anticancer, antimicrobial, antigout, and antiobesity properties, were detected and quantified in grain, husk, and straw of K1 and K2 samples. Generally, the contents of MA were higher than MB in all tested portions of rice crop. MA and MB were higher in straw followed by those in husk and grain, respectively. K2 contained higher amounts of MA and MB in straw and husk, but lower contents in grain compared with those in K1. This study illustrates that MNU mutation can improve grain quality and enhance bioactive compounds in straw, husk, and grain of rice. This approach has the potential to develop functional foods from rice, and therefore help farmers in developing countries to improve value in rice production.

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Fruit Morphology, Antioxidant Activity, Total Phenolic and Flavonoid Contents of Salacca zalacca (Gaertner) Voss by Applications of Goat Manures and Bacillus velezensis B-27

Caraka Tani Journal of Sustainable Agriculture ◽

10.20961/carakatani.v36i2.43798 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 36 (2) ◽

pp. 270

Author(s):

Haviah Hafidhotul Ilmiah ◽

Endang Sulistyaningsih ◽

Tri Joko

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Block Design ◽

Aluminium Chloride ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Fruit Morphology ◽

Bacillus Velezensis ◽

Fruit Length ◽

Phenolic Contents ◽

Goat Manure ◽

Phenolic And Flavonoid

Snake fruit (Salacca zalacca (Gaertner) Voss) is one of indigenous fruits from Southeast Asia that has been consumed for its antioxidant contents. Improving the fruit quality might increase its benefits for human health. This study aims to analyze fruit morphology, antioxidant activity, total phenolic and flavonoid contents of the fruit applied with goat manures and Bacillus velezensis B-27. The research used two-factor Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three blocks as replications. The first factor is the level of goat manure application i.e. 0 kg plant-1, 5 kg plant-1 and 10 kg plant-1, while the second factor is the bacteria application i.e. applied with Bacillus velezensis B-27 and without Bacillus velezensis B-27. The research was conducted in June until December 2019 at Turi, Sleman, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Fruit length, diameter and shape were measured as morphology parameters. Antioxidant activities were measured using 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, whereas flavonoid and phenolic contents were determined by the aluminium-chloride colorimetric and Folin-Ciocalteu methods, respectively. Means of each parameter were analyzed using ANOVA, continued with the Tukey’s HSD test at a 5% significance level. The result showed that the application of 10 kg goat manure per plant with bacteria increased the fruit length (76.78 mm) and the diameter (62.72 mm). Addition of 10 kg goat manure per-plant combined with Bacillus velezensis B-27 gave the highest antioxidant (IC50 of 37.83 µg.mL-1), flavonoid (5.35 mgGAE.100 g-1) and total phenolic contents (44 mgQE.100 g-1).

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Characterization of Chemical Compounds and Antioxidant Activity of Centaurea solstitialis sp. schouwii (DC.) Q. et S. (Asteraceae)

Current Bioactive Compounds ◽

10.2174/1573407215666190213125259 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 16 (5) ◽

pp. 618-626

Author(s):

Lamia Aliouche ◽

Paul Mosset ◽

Francisco León ◽

Ignacio Brouard ◽

Samir Benayache ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Secondary Metabolites ◽

Ethyl Acetate ◽

Sesquiterpene Lactone ◽

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Centaurea Solstitialis ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Butanol Extract ◽

Aerial Parts ◽

Phenolic And Flavonoid

Background: The antioxidant activity and the total phenolic and flavonoid contents of the derived extracts (chloroform, ethyl acetate and n-butanol) of the 70% hydroalcoholic extract of the aerial parts of Centaurea solstitialis growing in Algeria was assessed. The active extracts were selected for phytochemical investigations. Methods: The antioxidant capabilities of the extracts were assessed using 1, 1-diphenyl-2- picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH•) scavenging and Cupric Ion Reducing Antioxidant Capacity (CUPRAC) assays. Butylhydroxyanisole (BHA), butylhydroxytoluene (BHT) and α –tocopherol were used as positive controls. The total phenolic content and total flavonoid content of the extracts were determined as gallic acid equivalents and quercetin equivalents, respectively. Chromatographic methods were used to isolate the secondary metabolites and spectrometric and spectroscopic methods were used to determine their chemical structures. Results: The ethyl acetate extract exhibited the highest antioxidant activities followed by the n-butanol extract. The highest phenolic and flavonoid contents were found in the n-butanol extract. Phytochemical study of the ethyl acetate and n-butanol extracts led to the isolation of an undescribed guaianolide named 3-(4-hydroxybenzoyl)-cynaratriol and a known sesquiterpene lactone along with three known flavonoid glycosides. Their structures were established by spectral analyzes mainly high resolution electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry (HR-ESIMS) and 1D and 2D nuclear magnetic resonance experiments. Conclusion: The extracts of aerial parts of C. solstitialis showed significant antioxidant activities. An undescribed sesquiterpene lactone and four known secondary metabolites were isolated from the most active extracts.

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Bioactivities of plant extracts collected in Halmahera, Indonesia: A bioprospection study of underexplored plant species

INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACY ◽

10.22146/ijp.1774 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 376-384

Author(s):

Marlin Megalestin Raunsai ◽

Kartika Dyah Palupi ◽

Ahmad Fathoni ◽

Andria Agusta

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Plant Species ◽

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Antioxidant Properties ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Antioxidant Agents ◽

Ethanolic Extracts ◽

Potential Sources ◽

Weak Antibacterial Activity

The discovery of new antibiotics to overcome the growing resistance problem as well as the discovery of new natural, safe antioxidants to combat oxidative stress are still urgently needed. Medicinal plants are known to produce potential therapeutic substances which are more biologically selective than synthetic compounds. Therefore, we explored the bioactivities of 35 ethanolic extracts from 24 underexplored plant species collected in Halmahera, to find potential sources for antibacterial and antioxidant agents. Dried plant parts were extracted using ethanol 96%. Thin layer chromatography-direct-bioautography (TLC-DB) and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) determination were used to evaluate the antibacterial effect. Antioxidant activity was determined against DPPH using TLC-DB and microdilution assay. Total phenolic content (TPC) was determined using Folin-Ciocalteu’s method. The ethanolic extracts exhibited moderate to weak antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. However, the leaf extract of Elaeocarpus dolichostylus, Elaeocarpus multiflorus, and Psychotria celebica as well as the stem bark extract of Elaeocarpus dolichostylus, Cinnamomum sintoc, and Garcinia latissima displayed very strong antioxidant activities against DPPH with AAI values between 4.60 to 13.42. A strong correlation between TPC and antioxidant activity with r = 0.8712 was observed. Despite the moderate to weak antibacterial activity, eight underexplored plant species exhibit strong antioxidant activities. A high correlation between TPC and antioxidant activity indicating a prominent role of phenolic compounds in the plants’ antioxidant properties. These findings indicate that collected plants from Halmahera are potential to be studied and developed further as the potential sources for novel antioxidants.

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CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS, IN VITRO ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY, ORAL ACUTE TOXICITY AND LD50 DETERMINATION OF MORINGA OLEIFERA LEAVES

International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences ◽

10.22159/ijpps.2017v9i5.17834 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 9 (5) ◽

pp. 240

Author(s):

Manal Mortady Hamed ◽

Aboelfetoh Mohamed Abdalla ◽

Mosad Ahmed Ghareeb ◽

Said Abdelhalim Saleh

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Acute Toxicity ◽

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Dry Extract ◽

Phenolic Contents ◽

Moringa Oleifera Leaves ◽

Oral Acute Toxicity

Objective: The objective of this study was undertaken to estimate the total phenolic contents (TPCs), in vitro antioxidant of different solvent extracts of M. oleifera leaves, oral acute toxicity and LD50 determination of the 85% methanolic extract as well as the chromatographic isolation and identification of the extract constituents.Methods: The antioxidant activity of different solvent extracts of Moringa oleifera leaves were estimated using three antioxidant assays and the total phenolic contents (TPCs) were also evaluated using Folin-Ciocalteu’s assay. The n-BuOH extract undergoes further chromatographic isolation owing to the high antioxidant activity using 2, 2'-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH) method, which resulted in the isolation of seven compounds.Results: The results showed that the TPCs values of the tested extracts were varied from 309.52 to 43.28 mg gallic acid equivalent/g dry extract. The reducing power antioxidant activities (RPAA) were 0.434, 0.402, 0.395, 0.149, 0.143 and 0.124, while the total antioxidant capacity (TAC) values were 316.43, 203.35, 181.56, 86.70, 76.62 and 50.83 mg ascorbic acid equivalent/g dry extract; for n-BuOH, EtOAc, 85% MeOH, H2O, CH2Cl2, and pet. ether extracts, respectively. The oral acute toxicity study of the 85% methanol extracts of M. oleifera and M. peregrina revealed that; their LD50 values were 3458.3 and 4125 mg/kg respectively, thus the two plants could be classified as slightly toxic in the scale of Hodge and Sterner which reflected their nutrient values as edible plants. The isolated compounds were identified on the basis of their 1H and 13C-NMR spectra as; cis-p-coumaric acid 4-O-(2'-O-β-D-apiofuranosyl)-β-D-glucopyranoside (1), chlorogenic acid (2), niazirin (3), 3,4-dihydroxy-β-phenylethoxy-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(l→2)-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→3)-4-O-caffeoyl-β-D-glucopyranoside (4), gallic acid (5), taxifolin (6), and benzyl-carbamo-thioethionate (7).Conclusion: The M. oleifera leaves showed promising antioxidant activities and slightly toxic behavior.

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Phenolic Content, Antibacterial and Antioxidant Activities of Moroccan propolis

Current Bioactive Compounds ◽

10.2174/1573407214666180530100947 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 15 (6) ◽

pp. 696-705

Author(s):

Omar Belmehdi ◽

Badia Douhri ◽

Abdelhakim Bouyahya ◽

Yousif Laghmouchi ◽

Nadia S. Senhaji ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Phenolic Content ◽

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Reducing Power ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Scavenging Capacity ◽

Bleaching Test ◽

Ethanol Extracts ◽

Dpph Scavenging

Background:Propolis contains compounds with antibacterial and antioxidant capacities, such as phenolic compounds and flavonoids. The aim of this study was to investigate the antibacterial and antioxidant effects of six propolis samples from northern Morocco and to determine their content of polyphenols and flavonoids.Methods:The total polyphenols and flavonoids of Ethanol Extracts (EEP) were evaluated by colorimetric assays. To test the antibacterial activity, the well diffusion and micro-dilution methods were adopted. The kinetic of bacterial growth in the presence of EEP was tested. The antioxidant activity was evaluated using three techniques: reducing power, β-carotene bleaching test, and DPPH scavenging capacity assay.Results:The EEPs were found to have high total phenolic content (65.09 - 122.00 mg GAE/g) and flavonoids (41.95 - 50.44 mg QE/g). The screening of the antibacterial activity showed that all tested bacteria were sensitive to EEP except Escherichia coli. The inhibitory zones varied from 11.50 ± 0.70 to 32.00 ± 0.70 mm, and MIC and MBC ranged from 0.07 to 5 mg/mL and 0.07 to >5 mg/mL, respectively. The antioxidant activity was proportional to the phenolic content of propolis. The IC50 varied from 48.70 to 156.00 mg/mL and the RAA% ranged from 75.07 to 96.68 %.

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