scholarly journals E-Government clusters in the EU based on the Gaussian Mixture Models

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (35) ◽  
pp. 6-20
Author(s):  
Armenia ANDRONICEANU ◽  
Jani KINNUNEN ◽  
Irina GEORGESCU
Keyword(s):  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Public Investment ◽  
Gaussian Mixture Models ◽  
Gaussian Mixture ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
The Eu

The use of advanced ICT technologies and the support of new ways of thinking, acting and working in public administration, together with the increased provision of information and interactive services accessible through various channels, is the foundation of eGovernment. In recent years, there has been visible progress in all EU countries in terms of the general framework for e-government strategy, which is based on best practices and methodologies. The aim of our research is to discover the way in which the EU states are situated from the point of view of the digitalization of the administration. For this I used Gaussian models. The main research parameters were: accessibility; transparency, investments in information and communication technologies and investments in infrastructure related to public administrations in EU countries. The results show significant differences between state administrations. We applied Gaussian Mixture Model clustering in order to make an analysis of the national E-government situation in the European Union for 2018. The GMM algorithm estimated six clusters. We find that the first cluster, with Nordic countries, Netherlands and Austria, has the highest values of telecommunication infrastructure, citizens’ access to e-government services and Transparency International’s Corruption Perception Index. At the opposite pole, in cluster 2, Romania and Bulgaria have the lowest values of these three indicators, while their public investment levels are not significantly under EU averages. Our research provides not only an overview of the digitization of administrations, but also what are the main lags that state administrations have to recover in order to reach a digital system integrated into the EU's administrative space.

scholarly journals Comparison of the digital economy development parameters in the EU countries in the context of bridging the digital divide

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 206-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir Bilozubenko ◽  
Olha Yatchuk ◽  
Elżbieta Wolanin ◽  
Tetiana Serediuk ◽  
Maxim Korneyev
Keyword(s):  
Digital Divide ◽  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
Digital Economy ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
Decision Tree Method ◽  
The Eu

The widespread use of information and communication technologies and subsequent transformations have led to the formation of a digital economy (DE). The European Union, as an international organization, has become the subject of building such an economy, striving to bring member countries closer in the field of digitalization.The aim of this paper is to compare the DE development parameters of the EU countries based on cluster analysis and determine the most significant of them to solve the problems of bridging the digital divide between countries. For clustering, a feature DE vector of 20 indicators was created and the k-means algorithm and the Euclidean distance metric were used. For classification, the decision tree method was applied.Three clusters of EU countries were identified by the level of DE development (leaders, followers and outsiders), which allowed assessing their positions relative to each other. Key parameters that determine countries’ positions in the general rating are identified. A parameter chart is generated to control the establishment of DE in the EU countries, which, in addition to key parameters, includes maximum, minimum and harmonic mean values of these parameters by cluster. This characterizes the landscape of DE development in the EU countries, assesses the digital divide and is the basis for decision-making in the area of bridging this divide.

The Determinants of Vietnam’s Information and Communication Technologies Exports to the European Union

2022 ◽  
pp. 001573252110579
Author(s):  
Phan Thanh Hoan ◽  
Duong Thi Dieu My
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Gravity Model ◽  
Patent Application ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
The Eu

Vietnam is one of the top information and communication technologies (ICT) exporters globally, and the ICT products constitute nearly one-fifth of Vietnam’s total exports to the European Union (EU). This study empirically investigates the determinants of Vietnam’s ICT exports to the EU by applying the gravity model for trade with panel data from 2000 to 2019. Besides the traditional variables of the gravity model, we added gross capital formation, patent application and exchange rates as explanatory variables. The results show that among factors affecting Vietnam’s ICT export to the EU, market size, patent applications, and exchange rate are the most significant determinants. The article also suggests some policy implications for the development of ICT exports between the two parties. JEL Codes: F14, C2

Targeting the Digital Agenda for Europe: a new approach for estimating ICT R&D expenditures

Info ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juraj Stančík
Keyword(s):  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Labour Costs ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
Practical Implications ◽  
The Eu

Purpose – The main goal of this paper is to create a methodology for estimating public research and development (R&D) expenditures on Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) in the European Union (EU). The study further applies this methodology on business expenditures on R&D (BERD) data across all sectors and estimate ICT BERD within each of them. Then the study assesses the evolution of these expenditures in the context of the Digital Agenda for Europe (DAE) and its specific target to double them by 2020. Design/methodology/approach – The study assumes that the share of public ICT R&D expenditures in total public R&D expenditures is similar to the share of ICT R&D labour costs. The study bases its estimation on government budget appropriations or outlays on R&D (GBAORD). Findings – EU public ICT R&D expenditures grew steadily over the period 2004-2010 and in 2010 reached 5.9 billion. The study also estimates that the total EU ICT BERD in 2010 amounted to 15.8 billion. Regarding the DAE target about ICT R&D expenditures, the study shows that, in both public and private, the EU drops behind. Research limitations/implications – The study estimates that substantial ICT BERD can be found also in non-ICT sectors. Practical implications – The methodology allows for monitoring one of the DAE targets. Originality/value – The methodology currently represents the only way for measuring public ICT R&D expenditures in the EU.

scholarly journals EU cybersecurity and cyber diplomacy

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Agnes Kasper ◽  
Anna-Maria Osula ◽  
Anna Molnár
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Public Diplomacy ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Digital Development ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
Policy Objectives ◽  
State Behaviour ◽  
Resilient Infrastructure ◽  
The Eu

Over the last decades cybersecurity has become a cornerstone of European digital development. Alongside with the diffusion of information and communication technologies and the deepening (as well as widening) of the European Union, the initial narrow and sectoral data security policies have expanded into a comprehensive cybersecurity framework addressing issues from resilient infrastructure and technological sovereignty, through tackling cybercrime, to cyber defence capabilities and responsible state behaviour in cyberspace. In this complex web of interrelated policies a relative newcomer at the European Union (EU) level is cyber diplomacy. Sometimes also called public diplomacy 2.0, it factors into the cross-border connectivity of cyberspace and reflects a shift in international relations where the lines between external and internal policies, military and civilian domains are blurred. However, the term cyber diplomacy is fluid and it is not well understood which topics should be under its “umbrella”, in particular in relation to cybersecurity, where it seems to be linked the most. This article aims to map existing and proposed instruments that make up the EU’s arsenal in this broad context to answer the following questions: what is cyber diplomacy and how is it related to the EU cybersecurity? Is cyber diplomacy in the EU becoming something in its own right as a distinct set of tools to secure the EU policy objectives?

scholarly journals Digital tools for a greener Europe: democracy, environmental justice and sustainability in the EU through information and communication technologies and geographic information systems

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-91
Author(s):  
Alexandra Aragão
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Information Systems ◽  
Geographic Information Systems ◽  
Environmental Justice ◽  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
Geographic Information ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
The Eu

In the European Union there is solid legal support for the use of information and communication technologies associated with geographic information systems in favour of the environment. Digital technologies not only shape the way we live but they can be a lever for environmental awareness and protection. The potential of the association between information and communication technologies and geographic information systems is huge in order to deepen the European democracies and to promote sustainable development. The ultimate demonstration is the 2007 Inspire Directive. The advantages of the Inspire Directive for the citizens, the Member States and the European Union in what concerns democracy, environmental justice and sustainability in the EU will be briefly analysed.

E-Inclusion

2010 ◽  
pp. 1068-1075 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bridgette Wessels
Keyword(s):  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Global Market ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Economic Life ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
User Groups ◽  
Ict Infrastructure

The development of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) is part of a reshaping of socio-economic life that is resulting in new forms of inclusion and exclusion. The use of ICT in economic activity is situated within global capitalism that is based on a networked organisation of production processes and patterns of consumption. This networked organisation of social and economic life is facilitated by an infrastructure based on ICT, which form part of an e-economy and information society (Castells, 2001). In order for economies to be competitive in a global market they need to be connected into the ICT infrastructure and they require a labour force that has the education and skills to work in an e-economy. From the point of view of ordinary people their life chances are linked to having the capability to work in the e-economy to ensure employment. Furthermore as ICT becomes embedded in political and cultural communication, individuals need access and skills in ICT to participate in their societies. These dimensions of change are creating concerns in policy-making communities and user groups regarding ensuring inclusion in the e-economy and for social cohesion more generally as societies undergo change. The focus of academics and policy-making groups first addressed the concept of a digital divide between those who have access to ICT and those that do not. However, this idea has now been extended into the concept of e-inclusion. In this article, the author first outlines the background to the emergence of the term and its definition and provides the policy response by the European Union. She then considers the problems, controversies and issues of the concept. This is followed by a discussion of some possible solutions, policy recommendations, and suggests areas of further research. The article concludes by

The EU and the Information Society

2009 ◽  
pp. 86-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clementina Casula
Keyword(s):  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Information Society ◽  
Wealth Distribution ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
Global Market ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Economic Competition ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
The Eu

The rhetoric used worldwide by policymakers in promoting the uptake of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) emphasizes the advantages deriving for all citizens from the advent of the Information Society (IS). Among the democratic features of the IS particularly praised are despatialisation processes, leading to a sort of “death of distance” mainly benefitting the inhabitants of territories traditionally located in peripheral and backward areas, as well as the enlarged global market. However, research shows that the uptake of ICT varies territorially, mainly following wealth distribution, among other variables. This consideration would corroborate the view of those reading the rhetoric over IS as a facade covering the restructuring of capitalist economy at the global level and arguing that the uptake of ICT, based on an unequal model of development, further strengthens rather than reduces the territorial and socio-economic divides between centres and peripheries. The chapter confronts those two readings of the main rationale behind policymaking for the development of an IS by looking at the case of the European Union (EU). The argument is that, although global economic competition in the ICT sector seems to be the mainspring that led the EU to promote policies for the IS, social concerns are emerging as the flagship of the policy, increasingly tuned with other policies within a wider European developmental strategy, which may start up a new field on which to compete for global leadership.

scholarly journals The electronic claiming for the Single Area Payment Scheme (eSAPS) in Hungary: the evaluation of a new system

2009 ◽  
pp. 61-68
Author(s):  
Mihály Csótó
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
First Year ◽  
Global Changes ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Agricultural Subsidies ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
New System ◽  
The Eu

The agricultural subsidies play a crucial role in the policy of the European Union. Remarkable part of the EU budget is dedicated to agriculture and rural development. The enlargement of the EU, the global changes in the market and other challenges are raising the demand for a better and more efficient way of work in the organization, using information and communication technologies, and especially the implementation of e-governmentservices. The article presents the Hungarian electronic claiming system (called eSAPS) for European founds in agriculture, and evaluates the first year of its operation.

scholarly journals Corporate Social Responsibility Reporting: Differences among Selected EU Countries

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 63-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikolina Markota Vukic
Keyword(s):  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Global Reporting Initiative ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Member States ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
Csr Reporting ◽  
Corporate Social Reporting ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Corporate Social ◽  
The Eu

Abstract Background: Greater transparency has become a relevant topic for companies around the world. Information and communication technologies revolution (ICT revolution) has forced companies to become more transparent. With the intention of increasing companies’ transparency, the European Union (hereinafter: the EU) has presented a new Accounting Directive 2013/34/EU which makes Corporate Social Reporting (hereinafter: CSR reporting) mandatory for certain companies. Objectives: EU Directives should be the same for all Member States; however, some authors have concluded that CSR reporting is different in companies of different sizes, industries or from different countries. The main objective of this paper is to research into differences of CSR reporting among selected EU countries. Methods/Approach: The Global Reporting Initiative (hereinafter: GRI) has shaped a reporting framework for CSR reporting. In this research the GRI will be used for comparison of CSR reports of different countries. Results: Results of this research revealed that the difference in CSR reporting is statistically significant among selected EU countries. Conclusions: As CSR reporting in the EU will become mandatory for certain companies, it will be a challenge for Member States to harmonize their national legislation to a degree which will increase companies’ transparency and at the same time protect local resources and interests of stakeholders.

scholarly journals Digitalization in Developing Maritime Business Environments towards Ensuring Sustainability

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (21) ◽  
pp. 9235
Author(s):  
Nexhat Kapidani ◽  
Sanja Bauk ◽  
Innocent E. Davidson
Keyword(s):  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
Business Ecosystem ◽  
Business Environments ◽  
Business System ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
Intelligent Information ◽  
System Effectiveness

The paper focuses on assessing the level of digitalization in several developing maritime business environments in Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, and Serbia. The assessment has been done in reference to Holtham’s and Courtney’s Intelligent Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) Exploiter Model. The dimensions as maritime business system effectiveness, roles, and skills of information technology personnel, ladders of knowledge, ICT strategy, organizational culture, and manager’s mindset are analyzed. In addition, benchmarking with findings from developed maritime business environments in Croatia, Greece, Italy, and Slovenia, which belong to the European Union (EU), by using the same model, has been conducted. This is done with the aim to outline directions for improving the quality and speed of digitalization in non-EU countries, which have been functioning for decades in transitional conditions. The maritime ecosystem naturally has a tendency to be unique and to function smoothly as such. Alleviating the differences in the level and effectiveness of digitalization in developed and developing European countries is a path towards achieving this goal. By sharing their own expertise in the rational and intelligent use of ICT, developed EU countries can support developing non-EU countries towards ensuring sustainability in the entire European and worldwide maritime business ecosystem.

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