scholarly journals Generating Requirement Dependency Graph Based on Class Dependency

2019 ◽  
pp. 19
Author(s):  
Hernawati Susanti Samosir ◽  
Daniel Siahaan
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Similarity ◽  
Cost Estimation ◽  
Management Development ◽  
Kappa Statistics ◽  
Software Project ◽  
Structure Generation ◽  
Relational Information ◽  
Kappa Value ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
Similarity Method

Requirements association depicts inter-relation between two or more requirements within a software project. It provides necessary information for developers during decision-making processes, such as change management, development milestones, bug prediction, cost estimation, and work breakdown structure generation. Modeling association between requirements became a focus of software requirements researchers. Previous studies indicate that requirements association was pre-defined by requirements engineer based on their expert judgments. The judgments require knowledge on requirements and their class realizations. This paper introduces a method to generate a mapping between a set of requirement statements and a set of classes of a given project that realized the respected requirements. The method also generates associations among requirements based on information on associations between classes and the class-requirement mapping. The method utilizes element of relational information resided in a class diagram of respected project. A semantic similarity method was used to define the requirements with their realization classes. A class is considered realizing a requirement if and only if their semantic similarity is higher than a certain threshold. A set of experimentation on four different projects was conducted. The result of the approach was compared with the output produced by human annotators using kappa statistics. The approach is considered as having a fair agreement level (i.e. with kappa value 0.37) with the human annotators to identify and model requirement associations.

Agreement between Two Commonly Used Pulp Tests in Determining Pulp Vitality

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tazeen Zehra
Keyword(s):  
Cold Test ◽  
P Value ◽  
Kappa Statistics ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Pulp Tissue ◽  
High Agreement ◽  
Qualitative Variables ◽  
Kappa Value ◽  
Tingling Sensation ◽  
Pulp Vitality

Background: The pulp tissue is confined within hard tissue boundaries and cannot be examined directly for health evaluation. Hence, its assessment is usually based on sensibility tests. Accurate diagnosis of the pulpal status requires evaluation with combination of sensibility tests. The objective of this study was to assess the mutual agreement between the electric pulp test and cold test in determining pulp vitality. Methods: Total 106 patients, aged 18 to 30 years, attending the dental OPD of Operative Dentistry/Endodontics department; Dr. Ishrat-ul-Ibad Institute of Oral Health Sciences, Karachi were selected for the study. The cold and electric pulp tests were used to determine the presence or absence of tingling sensation. Teeth were marked as vital in presence and non-vital in absence of any tingling or painful response. Agreement between these two tests was calculated using SPSS-18. To calculate the mean and standard deviation, descriptive statistics were applied for quantitative variables. For qualitative variables, frequencies and percentages were calculated. Kappa statistics was applied for agreement between electric pulp and cold test. Results: The cold test showed that 70.8% of the teeth were vital and 29.2% were necrotic. The electrical pulp test showed that 74.5% were vital and 25.5% were necrotic. The outcome showed 83.0% agreement between the tests; with kappa value of 0.574 which provided sufficient agreement with p-value=0.000. Conclusion: There was a high agreement found between the cold test and electric pulp test. Assessment of pulp vitality would be more accurate when EPT and Endo frost are used in combination.

scholarly journals Ultrasonographic assessment of ossification of the distal radial epiphysis for estimating forensic age

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oguzhan Ekizoglu ◽  
Ali Er ◽  
Asli Dilara Buyuktoka ◽  
Mustafa Bozdag ◽  
Gokce Karaman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Risk ◽  
Age Estimation ◽  
Turkish Population ◽  
Kappa Statistics ◽  
Left Wrist ◽  
Interobserver Error ◽  
Kappa Value ◽  
Critical Age ◽  
Age Limits ◽  
Ultrasonographic Assessment

AbstractSince forensic age estimation is not a valid medical indication, research on the use of nonionizing methods is increasing. Ultrasonography is a radiological approach that protects patients from radiation exposure and offers special convenience to them. In this study, ultrasonography was used for age estimation by investigating the degree of ossification of the distal radial epiphysis. Its applicability on the Turkish population was investigated. The left wrist of 688 (322 males, 366 females) patients between the ages of 9 and 25 years was prospectively evaluated by ultrasonography. The intra- and interobserver reliabilities in evaluating the distal radial epiphysis and Cohen’s kappa statistics show that the interobserver error was very low, and the kappa value was found to be 0.919. Stage 3 and 4 ossification of the distal radial epiphysis was first detected at age 14.3 and 15.3 years in males and 12.7 and 14.8 years in females, respectively. The data obtained may help determine legally critical age limits of 14 and 15. Although it does not seem useful for the age of 18, ultrasonography may be recommended in selected cases as a fast, inexpensive, frequently reproducible radiological method without concern about radiation and without a predictable health risk.

Insights on Cost Estimation Methods and its Uses in Software Project Design

2020 ◽  
pp. 166-169
Author(s):  
Aravindhan K
Keyword(s):  
Project Management ◽  
Cost Estimation ◽  
Estimation Methods ◽  
Software Project ◽  
Estimation Model ◽  
Software Projects ◽  
Software Applications ◽  
Software Companies ◽  
Cost Estimation Model ◽  
The Cost

Cost estimation of software projects is risky task in project management field. It is a process of predicting the cost and effort required to develop a software applications. Several cost estimation models have been proposed over the last thirty to forty years. Many software companies track and analyse the current project by measuring the planed cost and estimate the accuracy. If the estimation is not proper then it leads to the failure of the project. One of the challenging tasks in project management is how to evaluate the different cost estimation and selecting the proper model for the current project. This paper summarizes the different cost estimation model and its techniques. It also provides the proper model selection for the different types of the projects.

scholarly journals Attributes-Based Decision Making for Selection of Requirement Elicitation Techniques Using the Analytic Network Process

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Jinyu Li ◽  
Asif Ullah ◽  
Jun Li ◽  
Shah Nazir ◽  
Habib Ullah Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
Multicriteria Decision Making ◽  
Requirement Engineering ◽  
Analytic Network Process ◽  
Software Project ◽  
Requirement Elicitation ◽  
Network Process ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
Selection Of

Requirement engineering is the first phase of software engineering. In requirement engineering, the first phase is requirement elicitation (RE), which is the most critical and error-prone activity. In this phase, the requirements are extracted from various sources; after extraction, they are analyzed and documented for a specific purpose of software development. In RE, process requirements from stakeholders are gathered, upon which the entire software product failure and success are dependent. In order to accomplish the goal of requirement elicitation, various techniques are used. However, the selection of these techniques is a very challenging task, as one technique may suit a situation but may not be suited for other situations. Besides this, project attributes such as documentation culture of organization, degree of relationship among stakeholders, and familiarity to domain also have a great impact on the process of technique selection. The reason is that there is no empirical value of the techniques that provide help in techniques selection to analyze the basis software project attributes. This study proposed the analytic network process, which is one of the multicriteria decision making processes for the elicitation technique selection process with respect to criterion attributes of project. The motivation toward the use of the ANP approach for the selection of requirement selection technique is that there are dependencies existing among attributes of the project elements. So, the ANP approach is capable of dealing with such situations where dependencies and complexity occur. Results of the proposed study demonstrate that the technique helps in complex situations where decision making is difficult based on the alternatives.

scholarly journals Comparison of Capsule Endoscopy Findings to Subsequent Double Balloon Enteroscopy: A Dual Center Experience

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amandeep S. Kalra ◽  
Andrew J. Walker ◽  
Mark E. Benson ◽  
Anurag Soni ◽  
Nalini M. Guda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Capsule Endoscopy ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Kappa Statistics ◽  
Double Balloon Enteroscopy ◽  
Balloon Enteroscopy ◽  
Double Balloon ◽  
Gastrointestinal Blood Loss ◽  
Contingency Coefficient ◽  
Kappa Value ◽  
The Mean

Background. There has been a growing use of both capsule endoscopy (CE) and double balloon enteroscopy (DBE) to diagnose and treat patients with obscure gastrointestinal blood loss and suspected small bowel pathology. Aim. To compare and correlate sequential CE and DBE findings in a large series of patients at two tertiary level hospitals in Wisconsin. Methods. An IRB approved retrospective study of patients who underwent sequential CE and DBE, at two separate tertiary care academic centers from May 2007 to December 2011, was performed. Results. 116 patients were included in the study. The mean age ± SD was 66.6 ± 13.2 years. There were 56% males and 43.9% females. Measure of agreement between prior capsule and DBE findings was performed using kappa statistics, which gave kappa value of 0.396 with P<0.001. Also contingency coefficient was calculated and was found to be 0.732 (P<0.001). Conclusions. Our study showed good overall agreement between DBE and CE. Findings of angioectasia had maximum agreement of 69%.

scholarly journals Cost Estimation of the Models Using Harmony Search

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2.32) ◽  
pp. 377
Author(s):  
Dr T. Vijaya Saradhi ◽  
A Lakshmi Pravallika ◽  
M Manoj
Keyword(s):  
Cost Estimation ◽  
Heuristic Algorithms ◽  
Harmony Search ◽  
High Accuracy ◽  
The Other ◽  
Software Project ◽  
Software Cost Estimation ◽  
Software Cost ◽  
The One ◽  
The Cost

To estimate the cost of model accurately on which the software is functioning is one of the most important things in the software project. But due to the varying nature of the software, and complexity, accurate cost estimation of software has become difficult. Ascertaining the cost of the software at the beginning stage is helpful for designing the other activities of software development. Former estimation of the needed exertion to Creating programming need benefited the advancement acknowledging those provision about Meta heuristic streamlining calculations. These calculations need aid possibility and might a chance to be connected Likewise functional devices for programming expense estimation. In the recent times Meta- heuristic algorithms with high accuracy have brought a great improvement in the field of the software engineering. In this paper we have discussed about the one of the algorithm which help in software cost estimation which is Harmony Search.  

scholarly journals 2020; 2(1): 8-16PublishedOnline:01/10/2020 (https://journals.unza.zm/index.php?journal=medicine) DOI: 10.21617/jprm2020.213ISSN: 2415-038X (Print)Received: 14August2020Accepted: 16August 2020Published: 1October2020RESEARCH ARTICLEOpen AccessComparison of Serologic Diagnosis of Taeniosis and Cysticercosis in Field Samples from Eastern Zambia

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-16
Author(s):  
Dominic Sashi ◽  
◽  
Isaac K Phiri ◽  
Mwelwa Chembensofu ◽  
Chummy S Sikasunge ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Kappa Statistics ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Serologic Diagnosis ◽  
Serum Antigen ◽  
Antigen Elisa ◽  
Field Samples ◽  
Kappa Value ◽  
Selection Of

Background:Neurocysticercosis is a leading cause of epilepsy in Taenia soliumendemic regions of the world accounting for about 30% of all epileptic cases. The main aim of this study was to do aComparison of Serologic Diagnosis of Taeniosis and Cysticercosis in Field Samples from Eastern Zambia.Methods: Retrospectively collectedSamples through community-based cross sectional and longitudinal studies which looked at the prevalence and incidence of human T. solium infections, respectively, and described in earlier reports were selected for this laboratory based study. Samples, with coproantigen ELISA and serum antigen ELISA which the results were known were randomly selected for this study.Results: A total of 886 serum samples were analyzed. The rT24 /rES33 EITB detected a taeniosis and cysticercosis prevalence of 5.9% and 9.5%, respectively. On performance the Kappa statistics revealed a fair agreement of rT4/rES33 EITB (Kappa value of 0.2781-0.2117) compared to coproantigen ELISA and serum antigen ELISA. Although there is not a good agreement between the antibody and antigen test.Conclusion: This study found that the performance of rT4/rES33 EITB compared to copro antigen ELISA and serum antigen ELISA were fair and because the agreement was not good between the antibody and antigen test the, selection of a test must be carefully made, with consideration of what is needed. Keywords:Taenia solium diagnosis; coproantigen ELISA; immunodiagnosis; Ag-ELISA; recombinant T24/ES33 EITB

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