scholarly journals Alternative fuels and power systems to reduce environmental impact of support vessels

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cdr (E) dr. ir. Geertsma ◽  
ir. M Krijgsman
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Power Systems ◽  
Power System ◽  
Power Supply ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Diesel Oil ◽  
Marine Diesel

The Netherlands Ministry of Defence have declared the ambition to reduce its fossil fuel dependency by at least 20% in 2030 and by at least 70% in 2050. For the Royal Netherlands Navy (RNLN), these targets seem more stringent than the initial strategy on greenhouse gas reduction for ships agreed by IMO, which aims for 50% reduction in total annual global shipping emission by 2050. The RNLN is currently investigating the replacement of a series of support vessels, 5 ships between 1000 and 2000 tons that perform hydrographic, submarine exercise support, civil support and seamanship training operations. These vessels perform support operations, are not volume critical in their design and have a limited mission duration of 2 to 3 weeks, and thus seem good candidates for alternative fuels and alternative power systems, such as fuel cells and batteries, that have emissions with a minimum impact on the environment. This study presents a novel approach to compare various alternative energy carrier and power system options with the Ships Power and Energy Concept (SPEC) exploration tool. We first introduce the baseline vessel and introduce the various fuels and technologies considered. We consider marine diesel oil as a baseline and alternative energy carriers hydrogen, methanol or ammonia and batteries. We review the fuels, their current and future availability and their impact on the environment. Moreover, we review the power system technologies, considering diesel generators running on marine diesel oil, methanol, ammonia or dimethyl ether, fuel cells running on hydrogen or methanol and batteries as the only power supply, recharged when ashore. Furthermore, we review power system designs with the combinations of fuel and power supply identified above and will consider: the mass and volume of the power system configurations and energy storage, fuel or batteries; the estimated capital and operational expenditure; technology readiness level; logistic availability of the fuel; and the estimated yearly CO2 emissions. Electrical propulsion with electrical power supply from internal combustion engines running on methanol appears a mature and cost-effective candidate to achieve the reduction target of 70% reduction in CO2 emission and its related dependancy on fossil fuels, with a 10% increase in capital cost and double fuel cost.

scholarly journals The Performance of Diesel Engine Fueled Diesel Oil in Comparison with Heated Pure Vegetable Oils Available in Vietnam

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anh Tuan Hoang
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Vegetable Oils ◽  
Sunflower Oil ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Coconut Oil ◽  
Diesel Oil ◽  
Petroleum Resources ◽  
Ready Availability

Pure vegetable oils have the greatest promise for alternative fuels for internal combustion engines beside the depletion of conventional petroleum resources. Among various possible options, pure vegetable oils present promising of greener air substitutes for fossil fuels. Pure vegetable oils, due to the agricultural origin, liquidity, ready availability, renewability, biodegradability are able to reduce the CO2 emissions in the atmosphere. Also, in Vietnam, pure vegetable oils such as soybean oil (SoO100), coconut oil (CO100) and sunflower oil (SuO100) are available. The paper presents the results of using heated pure vegetable oils for diesel engine D243 with power of 80 hp (58.88) kW. The results of determining the power (Ne), specific fuel consumption (SFC) and efficiency (n) are used to evaluate the performance of engine. The results show that, the engine power (Ne) is 10%-15% lower, the SFC of engine D243 using pure vegetable oils is 3%-5% higher and the η is 2.5%-6.2% lower compared to diesel oil (DO). Among the pure vegetable oils, the best performance results for D243 diesel engine are obtained from heated pure sunflower oil up to 135oC.

scholarly journals Model tests of a marine diesel engine powered by a fuel-alcohol mixture

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcin Zacharewicz ◽  
Tomasz Kniaziewicz
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Diesel Oil ◽  
Marine Diesel Engine ◽  
Engine Model ◽  
Marine Engines ◽  
Marine Diesel ◽  
The Mathematical Model

The paper presents the results of model and empirical tests conducted for a marine diesel engine fueled by a blend of n-butanol and diesel oil. The research were aimed at assessing the usefulness of the proprietary diesel engine model in conducting research on marine engines powered by alternative fuels to fossil fuels. The authors defined the measures of adequacy. On their basis, they assessed the adequacy of the mathematical model used. The analysis of the results of the conducted research showed that the developed mathematical model is sufficiently adequate. Therefore, both the mathematical model and the computer program based on it will be used in further work on supplying marine engines with mixtures of diesel oil and biocomponents.

scholarly journals Fuel Cell Backup Power System for Grid-Service and Micro-Grid in Telecommunication Applications

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhiwen Ma ◽  
Josh Eichman ◽  
Jennifer Kurtz
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Power Systems ◽  
Power Supply ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Grid Service ◽  
Grid Services ◽  
Strategic Integration

This paper presents the feasibility and economics of using fuel cell backup power systems in telecommunication cell towers to provide grid services (e.g., ancillary services, demand response). The fuel cells are able to provide power for the cell tower during emergency conditions. This study evaluates the strategic integration of clean, efficient, and reliable fuel cell systems with the grid for improved economic benefits. The backup systems have potential as enhanced capability through information exchanges with the power grid to add value as grid services that depend on location and time. The economic analysis has been focused on the potential revenue for distributed telecommunications fuel cell backup units to provide value-added power supply. This paper shows case studies on current fuel cell backup power locations and regional grid service programs. The grid service benefits and system configurations for different operation modes provide opportunities for expanding backup fuel cell applications responsive to grid needs. The objective of this work primarily focuses on how fuel cells can become a significant part of the telecom backup power to reduce system costs, environmental impact, and dependence on fossil fuels, while ensuring continuity of indispensable service for mobile users. The study identifies the approaches on the fuel cell application through nano/microgrids for an extensive network of fuel cells as distributed energy resources. The possibilities of various application scenarios extend the fuel cell technologies and microgrid for reliable power supply.

scholarly journals 3D CFD simulation of a gaseous fuel injection in a hydrogen-fueled internal combustion engine

2021 ◽  
Vol 312 ◽  
pp. 07001
Author(s):  
Alessio Barbato ◽  
Giuseppe Cantore
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Combustion Chamber ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Advanced Technology ◽  
Injection System ◽  
Combustion Engines

Nowadays, one of the hottest topic in the automotive engineering community is the reduction of fossil fuels. Hydrogen is an alternative energy source that is already providing clean, renewable, and efficient power being used in fuel cells. Despite being developed since a few decades, fuel cells are affected by several hurdles, the most impacting one being their cost per unit power. While waiting for their cost reduction and mass-market penetration, hydrogen-fueled internal combustion engines (H2ICEs) can be a rapidly applicable solution to reduce pollution caused by the combustion of fossil fuels. Such engines benefit from the advanced technology of modern internal combustion engines (ICEs) and the advantages related to hydrogen combustion, although some modifications are needed for conventional liquid-fueled engines to run on hydrogen. The gaseous injection of hydrogen directly into the combustion chamber is a challenge both for the designers and for the injection system suppliers. To reduce uncertainties, time, and development cost, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) tools appear extremely useful, since they can accurately predict mixture formation and combustion before the expensive production/testing phase. The high-pressure gaseous injection which takes place in Direct-Injected H2ICEs promotes a super-sonic flow with very high gradients in the zone between the bulk of the injected hydrogen and the flow already inside the combustion chamber. To develop a methodology for an accurate simulation of these phenomena, the SoPHy Engine of the Engine Combustion Network group (ECN) is used and presented. This engine is fed through a single nozzle H2-injector; planar laser-induced fluorescence (PLIF) data are available for comparison with the CFD outcomes.

scholarly journals Emissions of an agricultural engine using blends of diesel and hydrous ethanol

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Marcelo Silveira de Farias ◽  
José Fernando Schlosser ◽  
Javier Solis Estrada ◽  
Gismael Francisco Perin ◽  
Alfran Tellechea Martini
Keyword(s):  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Standard Procedure ◽  
Diesel Oil ◽  
K Value ◽  
Operating Modes ◽  
Diesel Cycle ◽  
Reduce Emissions ◽  
Hydrous Ethanol

The growing global demand of energy, the decrease of petroleum reserves and the current of environmental contamination problems, make it imperative to study renewable energy sources for use in internal combustion engines, in order to decrease the dependence on fossil fuels and reduce emissions of pollutant gases. This study aimed to evaluate the emissions of a diesel-cycle engine of an agricultural tractor that uses diesel S500 (B5) mixed with 3, 6, 9, 12 and 15% of hydrous ethanol. It determined emissions of CO2 (ppm), NOx (ppm), and opacity (k value) of gases. A standard procedure was applied considering eight operating modes (M1, M2, M3, M4, M5, M6, M7, and M8) by breaking with an electric dynamometer in a laboratory. The experimental design was completely randomized, with 60 replicates and a 6 x 8 factorial design. Greater opacity and gas emissions were observed when the engine operated with 3% ethanol, while lower emissions occurred with 12 and 15%. With these fuels, the reduction of opacity, CO2, and NOx, in relation to diesel oil, was 24.49 and 26.53%, 4.96 and 5.15%, and 6.59 and 9.70%, respectively. In conclusion, the addition of 12 and 15% ethanol in diesel oil significantly reduces engine emissions.

scholarly journals Design and Research on Power Systems and Algorithms for Controlling Electric Underground Mining Machines Powered by Batteries

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (13) ◽  
pp. 4060
Author(s):  
Artur Kozłowski ◽  
Łukasz Bołoz
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Power Supply ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Underground Mining ◽  
Test Stand ◽  
Research Network ◽  
Control Algorithms ◽  
Systems And Control ◽  
And Control ◽  
Supply Systems

This article discusses the work that resulted in the development of two battery-powered self-propelled electric mining machines intended for operation in the conditions of a Polish copper ore mine. Currently, the global mining industry is seeing a growing interest in battery-powered electric machines, which are replacing solutions powered by internal combustion engines. The cooperation of Mine Master, Łukasiewicz Research Network—Institute of Innovative Technologies EMAG and AGH University of Science and Technology allowed carrying out a number of works that resulted in the production of two completely new machines. In order to develop the requirements and assumptions for the designed battery-powered propulsion systems, underground tests of the existing combustion machines were carried out. Based on the results of these tests, power supply systems and control algorithms were developed and verified in a virtual environment. Next, a laboratory test stand for validating power supply systems and control algorithms was developed and constructed. The tests were aimed at checking all possible situations in which the battery gets discharged as a result of the machine’s ride or operation and when it is charged from the mine’s mains or with energy recovered during braking. Simulations of undesirable situations, such as fluctuations in the supply voltage or charging power limitation, were also carried out at the test stand. Positive test results were obtained. Finally, the power supply systems along with control algorithms were implemented and tested in the produced battery-powered machines during operational trials. The power systems and control algorithms are universal enough to be implemented in two different types of machines. Both machines were specially designed to substitute diesel machines in the conditions of a Polish ore mine. They are the lowest underground battery-powered drilling and bolting rigs with onboard chargers. The machines can also be charged by external fast battery chargers.

scholarly journals Determination of reliability of power supply of ship's responsible power receivers

2020 ◽  
pp. 22-26
Author(s):  
С.Е. Кузнецов ◽  
Н.А. Алексеев ◽  
А.А. Виноградов
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Power System ◽  
Power Supply ◽  
Electric Power System ◽  
Time To Failure ◽  
Parallel Operation ◽  
Diesel Generator ◽  
Operating Modes ◽  
Reliability Indicators ◽  
Supply Reliability

Изложена методика расчета показателей безотказности электроснабжения (вероятности безотказного электроснабжения и средней наработки до отказа) ответственных приемников морского судна, подключаемых к аварийному электрораспределительному щиту. Методика реализована применительно к судовой электроэнергетической системе с тремя источниками электроэнергии – двумя основными дизель-генераторными агрегатами, подключенными к главному электрораспределительному щиту, и одним аварийным дизель-генераторным агрегатом, подключенным к аварийному электрораспределительному щиту. Рассмотрены различные режимы работы судовой электроэнергетической системы: при работе до первого отказа одного основного дизель-генератора, при параллельной работе двух основных дизель-генераторов, при работе одного аварийного дизель-генератора; а также после обесточивания с учетом возможности последующего включения резервного или (и) аварийного дизель генератора. Методика, с соответствующими корректировками, может быть использована для расчета показателей безотказного электроснабжения в судовых электроэнергетических системах другой комплектации. Расчет показателей безотказности электроснабжения необходим при проектировании для обеспечения требуемого уровня надежности электроснабжения судовых приемников электроэнергии, а при эксплуатации – для предупреждения отказов и планирования технического обслуживания и ремонта элементов судовых электроэнергетических систем. The methodology for calculating the indicators of the reliability of power supply (the probability of failure-free power supply and the mean time to failure) of critical receivers of a sea vessel connected to the emergency electrical switchboard is presented. The technique is implemented in relation to a ship power system with three sources of electricity - two main diesel generator sets connected to the main electrical switchboard, and one emergency diesel generator set connected to an emergency electrical switchboard. Various operating modes of the ship's electric power system are considered: during operation until the first failure of one main diesel generator, during parallel operation of two main diesel generators, during operation of one emergency diesel generator; as well as after de-energizing, taking into account the possibility of subsequent switching on of the backup and / or emergency diesel generator. The technique, with appropriate adjustments, can be used to calculate indicators of reliable power supply in ship power systems of a different configuration. Calculation of power supply reliability indicators is necessary during design to ensure the required level of power supply reliability for ship power receivers, and during operation - to prevent failures and plan maintenance and repair of elements of ship power systems.

A comparative study of the effect of compression ratio on the efficiency and flame development angle in a Cooperative Fuel Research engine fueled with binary gasoline–alcohol blends

2019 ◽  
pp. 146808741985910 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guillermo Rubio-Gómez ◽  
Lis Corral-Gómez ◽  
David Rodriguez-Rosa ◽  
Fausto A Sánchez-Cruz ◽  
Simón Martínez-Martínez
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Compression Ratio ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Spark Ignition ◽  
Spark Ignition Engine ◽  
Flame Development ◽  
The Impact

In the last few years, increasing concern about the harmful effects of the use of fossil fuels in internal combustion engines has been observed. In addition, the limited availability of crude oil has driven the interest in alternative fuels, especially biofuels. In the context of spark ignition engines, bioalcohols are of great interest owing to their similarities and blend capacities with gasoline. Methanol and ethanol have been widely used, mainly due to their knocking resistance. Another alcohol of great interest is butanol, thanks to its potential of being produced as biofuel and its heat value closer to gasoline. In this study, a comparative study of gasoline–alcohol blend combustion, with up to 20% volume, with neat gasoline has been carried out. A single-cylinder, variable compression ratio, Cooperative Fuel Research-type spark ignition engine has been employed. The comparison is made in terms of fuel conversion efficiency and flame development angle. Relevant information related to the impact in the combustion process of the use of the three main alcohols used in blends with gasoline has been obtained.

Development of Electric Bicycle Performance Testing Techniques and Adaptable Electric Bicycle Power System

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard V. Stackhouse ◽  
Zuomin Dong
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Power System ◽  
Standardized Testing ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Performance Testing ◽  
Combustion Engines ◽  
Testing Facility ◽  
Electric Bicycle ◽  
Electric Bicycles

Battery powered electric bicycles and scooters, replacing the heavily polluting scooters with two-cycle internal combustion engines, provide zero-emission transportation for many parts of the world. Annual global sales of electric bicycles have risen from 36,000 in 1993 to over 500,000 in 1999 and to multi-millions today. To facilitate the development of new electric bicycles, a computerized electric bicycle testing facility has been created. Standardized testing cycles for quantitatively measuring the performance of electric bicycles have been developed. Testing results of three representative electric bicycles using the newly introduced electric bicycle testing methods and testing facility are presented. The development of a low-cost, fully Adaptable Electric Bicycle Power System (AEBPS) designed to be quickly adapted to a regular bicycle is also presented. The AEBPS can be attached to a regular bicycle in less than ten minutes, and removed in under five minutes. Performance of a converted bicycle using the AEBPS is evaluated and compared with representative commercial electric bicycles. The work forms the foundation for systematically evaluating different electric bicycle designs and for carrying out design optimization of electric bicycle power systems suitable to different markets and needs.

Experimental Studies on the Performance of C.I Engine with Fish Oil Methyl Ester as Fuel for Various Blends of Diesel and LPG

2015 ◽  
Vol 787 ◽  
pp. 687-691
Author(s):  
Tarigonda Hari Prasad ◽  
R. Meenakshi Reddy ◽  
P. Mallikarjuna Rao
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Combustion Engines ◽  
Inlet Manifold

Fossil fuels are exhausting quickly because of incremental utilization rate due to increase population and essential comforts on par with civilization. In this connection, the conventional fuels especially petrol and diesel for internal combustion engines, are getting exhausted at an alarming rate. In order to plan for survival of technology in future it is necessary to plan for alternate fuels. Further, these fossil fuels cause serious environmental problems as they release toxic gases into the atmosphere at high temperatures and concentrations. The predicted global energy consumption is increasing at faster rate. In view of this and many other related issues, these fuels will have to be replaced completely or partially by less harmful alternative, eco-friendly and renewable source fuels for the internal combustion engines. Hence, throughout the world, lot of research work is in progress pertaining to suitability and feasibility of alternative fuels. Biodiesel is one of the promising sources of energy to mitigate both the serious problems of the society viz., depletion of fossil fuels and environmental pollution. In the present work, experiments are carried out on a Single cylinder diesel engine which is commonly used in agricultural sector. Experiments are conducted by fuelling the diesel engine with bio-diesel with LPG through inlet manifold. The engine is properly modified to operate under dual fuel operation using LPG through inlet manifold as fuel along FME as ignition source. The brake thermal efficiency of FME with LPG (2LPM) blend is increased at an average of 5% when compared to the pure diesel fuel. HC emissions of FME with LPG (2LPM) blend are reduced by about at an average of 21% when compared to the pure diesel fuel. CO emissions of FME with LPG (2LPM) blends are reduced at an average of 33.6% when compared to the pure diesel fuel. NOx emissions of FME with LPG (2LPM) blend are reduced at an average of 4.4% when compared to the pure diesel fuel. Smoke opacity of FME with LPG (2LPM) blend is reduced at an average of 10% when compared to the pure diesel fuel.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document