Experience of using Rituximab in neurological practice (literature review and own observation)

Currently, due to the lack of specific etiotropic therapy, rituximab is widely used for the treatment of most autoimmune diseases of the central and peripheral nervous system. Rituximab is a chimeric monoclonal antibody with specificity for CD20, the antigen found on the surface of normal and malignant B-lymphocytes. It is used mainly in hematological practice. It is used off-label for the treatment of neurological diseases. The world literature describes the use of rituximab for the treatment of such pathologies as autoimmune encephalitis, neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder, multiple sclerosis, primary angiitis of the central nervous system, immune-mediated inflammatory polyneuropathy, myasthenia gravis, refractory to basic immunosuppressive therapy. This article provides an overview of the world literature on the use of rituximab in neurological practice, describes our own experience of its use on the basis of the Department of Neurology № 1 of Pavlov University (Saint Petersburg, Russia).

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The INTERnational Study on Primary Angiitis of the CEntral Nervous System – A Call to the World

International Journal of Stroke ◽

10.1111/ijs.12284 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 9 (5) ◽

pp. E23-E23 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Sylvain Lanthier ◽

Leonard H. Calabrese ◽

José M. Ferro ◽

Jukka Putaala ◽

Daniel Strbian ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Central Nervous System ◽

Nervous System ◽

International Study ◽

System A ◽

The World ◽

Primary Angiitis ◽

The Central Nervous System

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Paraneoplastic and Idiopathic Autoimmune Neurological Disorders Affecting the Central Nervous System and Autoimmune Dysautonomia

Neuroimmunology ◽

10.1093/med/9780190050801.003.0011 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 245-265

Author(s):

Nicholas L. Zalewski ◽

Sean J. Pittock

Keyword(s):

Central Nervous System ◽

Nervous System ◽

Neurological Disorders ◽

Neurological Diseases ◽

Diagnostic Evaluation ◽

Rapid Rate ◽

Disease Category ◽

Cns Disorders ◽

Immune Mediated ◽

The Central Nervous System

This chapter is an examination of immune-mediated central nervous system (CNS) disorders, which have increasingly been recognized as a critical disease category in the field of neurology. The chapter looks at clinical presentation, diagnostic evaluation, and treatment. The chapter also looks to the future. The field of immune-mediated neurological diseases is rapidly growing. New autoantibodies are being discovered at a rapid rate, helping unveil the mystery behind the challenging neurological presentations in many patients.

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The Role of Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor in Epileptogenesis: an Update

Frontiers in Pharmacology ◽

10.3389/fphar.2021.758232 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Xinyi Wang ◽

Zhe Hu ◽

Kai Zhong

Keyword(s):

Central Nervous System ◽

Nervous System ◽

Neurotrophic Factor ◽

Neurological Diseases ◽

Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor ◽

The World ◽

The Central Nervous System ◽

Spontaneous Recurrent Seizures ◽

New Evidence

Epilepsy, which is characterized by spontaneous recurrent seizures, is one of the most common and serious chronic neurological diseases in the world. 30% patients failed to control seizures with multiple anti-seizure epileptic drugs, leading to serious outcomes. The pathogenesis of epilepsy is very complex and remains unclear. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), as a member of the neurotrophic factor family, is considered to play an important role in the survival, growth and differentiation of neurons during the development of the central nervous system. Recent years, a series of studies have reported that BDNF can maintain the function of the nervous system and promotes the regeneration of neurons after injury, which is believed to be closely related to epileptogenesis. However, two controversial views (BDNF inhibits or promotes epileptogenesis) still exist. Thus, this mini-review focuses on updating the new evidence of the role of BDNF in epileptogenesis and discussing the possibility of BDNF as an underlying target for the treatment of epilepsy.

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Mills' syndrome. A clinical case of a rare degenerative pathology of the central nervous system

Spravočnik vrača obŝej praktiki (Journal of Family Medicine) ◽

10.33920/med-10-2004-07 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 57-60

Author(s):

Konstantin Gulyabin

Keyword(s):

Central Nervous System ◽

Nervous System ◽

Neurological Diseases ◽

Cortical Atrophy ◽

Primary Lateral Sclerosis ◽

System A ◽

The Central Nervous System ◽

Primary Lateral ◽

Lateral Sclerosis ◽

Mills Syndrome

Mills' syndrome is a rare neurological disorder. Its nosological nature is currently not completely determined. Nevertheless, Mills' syndrome is considered to be a rare variant of the degenerative pathology of the central nervous system – a variant of focal cortical atrophy. The true prevalence of this pathology is unknown, since this condition is more often of a syndrome type, observed in the clinical picture of a number of neurological diseases (primary lateral sclerosis, frontotemporal dementia, etc.) and is less common in isolated form.

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Vessel Wall Enhancement in Unilateral Primary Angiitis of the Central Nervous System

Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Journal Canadien des Sciences Neurologiques ◽

10.1017/cjn.2021.123 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-7

Author(s):

Adrian Budhram ◽

Shailee S. Shah ◽

Christopher P. Wood ◽

Michael A. Lane ◽

Kyle Smoot ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Central Nervous System ◽

Nervous System ◽

Vessel Wall ◽

Primary Angiitis ◽

The Central Nervous System

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COVID-19 Vaccination: From Interesting Agent to the Patient

Vaccines ◽

10.3390/vaccines9020120 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 120

Author(s):

Anis Daou

Keyword(s):

Central Nervous System ◽

Nervous System ◽

Gastrointestinal Tract ◽

Circulatory System ◽

The Novel ◽

Lead Compound ◽

Fda Approval ◽

The World ◽

The Central Nervous System ◽

Novel Coronavirus

The vaccination for the novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) is undergoing its final stages of analysis and testing. It is an impressive feat under the circumstances that we are on the verge of a potential breakthrough vaccination. This will help reduce the stress for millions of people around the globe, helping to restore worldwide normalcy. In this review, the analysis looks into how the new branch of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) came into the forefront of the world like a pandemic. This review will break down the details of what COVID-19 is, the viral family it belongs to and its background of how this family of viruses alters bodily functions by attacking vital human respiratory organs, the circulatory system, the central nervous system and the gastrointestinal tract. This review also looks at the process a new drug analogue undergoes, from (i) being a promising lead compound to (ii) being released into the market, from the drug development and discovery stage right through to FDA approval and aftermarket research. This review also addresses viable reasoning as to why the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine may have taken much less time than normal in order for it to be released for use.

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Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis (ADEM): A Demyelinating Disease with Specific Morphological Features

International Journal of Surgical Pathology ◽

10.1177/1066896921993562 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 106689692199356

Author(s):

Fleur Cordier ◽

Lars Velthof ◽

David Creytens ◽

Jo Van Dorpe

Keyword(s):

Central Nervous System ◽

Nervous System ◽

Differential Diagnosis ◽

Clinical Case ◽

Demyelinating Disease ◽

Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis ◽

Demyelinating Diseases ◽

Demyelinating Disorder ◽

Immune Mediated ◽

The Central Nervous System

Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) is a rare immune-mediated inflammatory and demyelinating disorder of the central nervous system. Its characteristic perivenular demyelination and inflammation aid in the differential diagnosis with other inflammatory demyelinating diseases. Here, we present a clinical case of ADEM, summarize its histological hallmarks, and discuss pitfalls concerning the most important neuropathological differential diagnoses.

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