scholarly journals The Inflexible Nature of Federalism

Federalism-E ◽  
1969 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-63
Author(s):  
Geoff Nelson
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Political Culture ◽  
Liberal Democracy ◽  
The United States ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Over Time

The twentieth century has generally been a time of prosperity and it has brought to light the strength and dominance of liberal democracy into our political culture. In particular, it has lead to the success of the engine of liberal democracy, federalism. However, like all engines there are inherent weaknesses within the structure that exist from conception and perpetuate over time. Australia, Canada and the United States are federations who share a common weakness: inflexibility. The weaknesses of an engine can sometimes be invisible for a long time, and it usually requires a catalyst to be seen. In these three federations, one such catalyst has been the federal system’s relationship with Aboriginals. A fundamental weakness of federalism is that it is inflexible. Nowhere is this clearer than in federal-aboriginal relationships in Canada, Australia and the United States.[...]

scholarly journals Immigration and Child Mortality: Lessons from the United States at the Turn of the Twentieth Century

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Dribe ◽  
J. David Hacker ◽  
Francesco Scalone
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Child Mortality ◽  
Census Data ◽  
The United States ◽  
Substantial Part ◽  
White Population ◽  
Socioeconomic Integration ◽  
Integration Of Immigrants ◽  
Long Time

ABSTRACTThe societal integration of immigrants is a great concern in many of today’s Western societies, and has been so for a long time. Whether we look at Europe in 2015 or the United States at the turn of the twentieth century, large flows of immigrants pose challenges to receiving societies. While much research has focused on the socioeconomic integration of immigrants there has been less interest in their demographic integration, even though this can tell us as much about the way immigrants fare in their new home country. In this article we study the disparities in infant and child mortality across nativity groups and generations, using new, high-density census data. In addition to describing differentials and trends in child mortality among 14 immigrant groups relative to the native-born white population of native parentage, we focus special attention on the association between child mortality, immigrant assimilation, and the community-level context of where immigrants lived. Our findings indicate substantial nativity differences in child mortality, but also that factors related to the societal integration of immigrants explains a substantial part of these differentials. Our results also point to the importance of spatial patterns and contextual variables in understanding nativity differentials in child mortality.

Early twentieth-century mammal collecting in Africa: The Smithsonian-Roosevelt East African Expedition of 1909–1910

2005 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-79
Author(s):  
Keir B. Sterling
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New York ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
The United States ◽  
Washington Dc ◽  
National Museum ◽  
East African ◽  
Theodore Roosevelt ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Field Naturalist

This paper deals with the scientific contributions made by Colonel Theodore Roosevelt (1858–1919) and the three mammalogists attached to the Smithsonian–Roosevelt East African Expedition of 1909–1910. These individuals included Lieutenant-Colonel (retired) Edgar Alexander Mearns (1856–1916), an old friend of Roosevelt's and a retired Army surgeon-naturalist; Edmund Heller (1875–1947), long-time field naturalist with previous experience in Africa, and J. Alden Loring (1871–1947), a veteran field collector in the United States. They joined Roosevelt and his son Kermit (1889–1943), in the senior Roosevelt's efforts to collect large game mammal specimens for the United States National Museum, Washington, DC. The group also observed and collected more than 160 species of carnivores, ungulates, rodents, insectivores, and bats. Departing New York shortly after Roosevelt's tenure as President of the United States ended in March 1909, the party debarked at Mombasa in April, and spent most of the next year in Kenya and Uganda. They also visited Sudan before the expedition ended at Khartoum in March 1910. Other subjects discussed include the expedition's objectives and financing, the information gathered by expedition members and the publications which resulted.

Political Science and Democratic Culture: Ernst Fraenkel’s Studies of American Democracy

2003 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 48-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hubertus Buchstein
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
United States ◽  
Political Culture ◽  
Liberal Democracy ◽  
The United States ◽  
Political Scientist ◽  
American Democracy ◽  
Democratic Culture ◽  
The Social ◽  
Cross Fertilization

Reflecting on his academic exile in the United States, the Germanpolitical scientist Franz L. Neumann emphasized the cross-fertilizationof ideas as a result of the confrontation of different scientific andpolitical cultures.1 According to Neumann, the migration of hundredsof European academics to the United States led to a growinginternationalization of the social sciences and a two-way learningprocess. The Europeans became accustomed to the practice of theAmerican liberal democracy and learned to value its political culture;émigré scholars, on the other hand, brought with them a differentacademic Denkstil and contributed to a more critical self-understandingof American democratic theory.

scholarly journals The Cream of the Crop? Geography, Networks, and Irish Migrant Selection in the Age of Mass Migration

2019 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. 139-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dylan Shane Connor
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
North America ◽  
The United States ◽  
Migrant Networks ◽  
Chain Migration ◽  
Farming Communities ◽  
New Name ◽  
Mass Migration ◽  
Over Time

With more than 30 million people moving to North America during the Age of Mass Migration (1850–1913), governments feared that Europe was losing its most talented workers. Using new data from Ireland in the early twentieth century, I provide evidence to the contrary, showing that the sons of farmers and illiterate men were more likely to emigrate than their literate and skilled counterparts. Emigration rates were highest in poorer farming communities with stronger migrant networks. I constructed these data using new name-based techniques to follow people over time and to measure chain migration from origin communities to the United States.

Early twentieth-century mammal collecting in Africa: The Smithsonian-Roosevelt East African Expedition of 1909–1910

2005 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keir B. Sterling
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New York ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
The United States ◽  
Washington Dc ◽  
National Museum ◽  
East African ◽  
Theodore Roosevelt ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Field Naturalist

This paper deals with the scientific contributions made by Colonel Theodore Roosevelt (1858–1919) and the three mammalogists attached to the Smithsonian-Roosevelt East African Expedition of 1909–1910. These individuals included Lieutenant-Colonel (retired) Edgar Alexander Mearns (1856–1916), an old friend of Roosevelt's and a retired Army surgeon-naturalist; Edmund Heller (1875–1947), long-time field naturalist with previous experience in Africa, and J. Alden Loring (1871–1947), a veteran field collector in the United States. They joined Roosevelt and his son Kermit (1889–1943), in the senior Roosevelt's efforts to collect large game mammal specimens for the United States National Museum, Washington, DC. The group also observed and collected more than 160 species of carnivores, ungulates, rodents, insectivores, and bats. Departing New York shortly after Roosevelt's tenure as President of the United States ended in March 1909, the party debarked at Mombasa in April, and spent most of the next year in Kenya and Uganda. They also visited Sudan before the expedition ended at Khartoum in March 1910. Other subjects discussed include the expedition's objectives and fi nancing, the information gathered by expedition members and the publications which resulted.

Personal Recollections of James H. Cone

2018 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 277-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jürgen Moltmann ◽  
Steffen Lösel
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
The United States ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Wolfhart Pannenberg ◽  
Common Effort ◽  
The Many ◽  
Initial Meeting

On the occasion of James H. Cone’s death in April 2018, his long-time colleague Jürgen Moltmann reflects on the many decades of their theological and personal friendship, from their initial meeting in 1970 to their last get-together in 2015. With deep personal gratitude, Moltmann speaks about the counseling role, which Cone assumed for him in the United States context for many years, and shares important moments in their common effort to develop a liberating theology for all humankind. After Moltmann’s “Personal Recollections of Wolfhart Pannenberg,” published in Theology Today 72:1 (2015): 11–14, this is another valuable testimony of twentieth-century theological history.

scholarly journals Mohammed Dib and America: “America is something else”

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-189
Author(s):  
Hervé Sanson
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
American Culture ◽  
The United States ◽  
Direct Experience ◽  
Mohammed Dib ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Great Knowledge ◽  
Over Time

 Throughout his life, Mohammed Dib was in contact with American culture, engaging closely with its literature. This interest prevailed for a long time: the article he published in 1948 in an Algerian magazine already showed Dib’s great knowledge of the writers across the Atlantic. Over time his knowledge became deeper and more intimate, particularly since his stay in California in the summer of 1974. This direct experience of the reality of the United States nourished Dib’s later works and allowed him to renew his poetics and his conception of writing. This article explains the connections between Dib's work and his unique representations of American referents.

Comment: The Separation of Powers in 1867

1987 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janet Ajzenstat
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Political Culture ◽  
Separation Of Powers ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Political ◽  
Democratic Institutions ◽  
Mixed Constitution

Philip Resnick argues that Montesquieu is seminal for an understanding of Canadian institutions. We find in nineteenth-century Canada, he says, not Montesquieu's separation of powers doctrine, so influential in the United States, but his teaching about the mixed constitution, that is, government by a combination of monarchic, aristocratic and democratic institutions. He argues that this influence shows in such typical features of our political culture as acceptance of hierarchical patterns, deference to authority and so on; these are reflections of the “disdain for democratic excesses” inherent in the mixed constitution. He then goes on to suggest that we have grown out of the mixed constitution in the twentieth century, but that as a result of the Charter of Rights and Freedoms relations between the political and judicial powers in Canada have so come to resemble the American that we are justified in saying that Canada in this one respect is now characterized by the separation of powers. We have moved from the Montesquieu of the mixed constitution to the Montesquieu of the separation of powers.

Southern Blues

2018 ◽  
pp. 17-32
Author(s):  
Kevin D. Greene
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
World War I ◽  
United States Army ◽  
Jim Crow ◽  
The United States ◽  
Growing Up ◽  
World War ◽  
Arkansas River ◽  
Over Time

Born at the turn of the twentieth century in Jim Crow Arkansas, Lee Bradley experienced the hardships of growing up black in the Mississippi and Arkansas River deltas. Introduced to music at a young age, Bradley developed an unusual talent as a country fiddler. Over time, he gained enough renown that his musicianship offered opportunities for work outside of his poor, sharecropping community. Just as he began cultivating his own sense of local music celebrity, he was pulled into the United States Army as a member of the American Expeditionary Force in World War I. His experiences abroad as a solider had an enormous impact on his understanding of the South, Jim Crow, and his own plight upon his return.

Hitler’s Most Intimate Enemy

2019 ◽  
pp. 122-154
Author(s):  
Tobias Boes
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Liberal Democracy ◽  
The United States ◽  
Thomas Mann ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Events ◽  
The World

This chapter illustrates how Thomas Mann created a novel role for the artist: fully engaged with the political events of the day through a variety of twentieth-century media and yet fiercely protective of an independent stance. The 1930s was a decade in which governments of various stripes throughout the world discovered the value of employing artists to drum up support within a populist base. And Mann was a patriotic resident of the United States who throughout the war years carefully refrained from criticizing his adoptive country. But his voice and his aims were always unmistakably his own, and he agitated for the United States because he equated the American cause with that of liberal democracy, not because of any government commission. The chapter further explains that Mann's relocation to California can serve as a symbolic marker of this transition. Indeed, it was during his residency in Pacific Palisades as well that he reached the apogee of his trajectory as an anti-Nazi celebrity in the eyes of the American public.

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